tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68194655374981775512024-03-18T11:36:54.436-07:00CamisadoA blog to showcase my collection of Early 16th Century Wargames FiguresOlihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.comBlogger235125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-79527586623855794422024-03-01T08:18:00.000-08:002024-03-01T08:19:41.724-08:00German Peasant's War crossbowmen and arquebusiers<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr4qBPlOi-tf27lJZEzQFHIBvtLdoyvycO8f2Fl-klLns9N0cMltzfEfOe9RsKOJRqFpZgDYoRzh0U1AssKIj6hl1IydQThOE0-mrN-6oE05ddXhx9jhQQ5OAcZ7-JOtX7XucAHWo5cyGT-LGRLVeapx4HXawae1MK6vf0cXOsJpYRgc9Uvhe4yr2-BnJD/s4352/P1150043.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3004" data-original-width="4352" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr4qBPlOi-tf27lJZEzQFHIBvtLdoyvycO8f2Fl-klLns9N0cMltzfEfOe9RsKOJRqFpZgDYoRzh0U1AssKIj6hl1IydQThOE0-mrN-6oE05ddXhx9jhQQ5OAcZ7-JOtX7XucAHWo5cyGT-LGRLVeapx4HXawae1MK6vf0cXOsJpYRgc9Uvhe4yr2-BnJD/w400-h276/P1150043.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Progress on my German Peasants</span></span><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"> wars collection continues with the addition of some missile troops. Here we have a unit of 24 peasants and landsknecht armed with crossbows and arquebuses. The figures are a mix of Steel Fist, Grenadier, Old Glory, Wargames Foundry and Warlord Games figures. Whilst some of the units of peasants for this collection have been put together so they could be used as German or Tudor rebels this unit is specifically for t</span><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">he German Peasant's War of 1524-1526. The peasant bands included many landsknecht in their ranks so each of the 6 bases in the unit is a mix of men in peasant garb and more flamboyantly dressed landsknecht. By the 1520s you would be unlikely to find landsknecht fighting with crossbows but some of the landsknecht in this unit carry them as a nod to the fact the peasant bands were armed with whatever weapons they could get their hands on.</span></span></div><div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">It was fun putting this unit together and they work well when deployed in front of the rest of the peasant band as shown in the photos below.<br /></span></span><div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></span></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjenLbLAnl0PDdaftPxTWcQtCmr78zMwbF5oPZlbH9cP7-AfYELRZ8pgR48kI1SK9iwYChIe-Feuew8OsNo8RB3jX3Q1c1WF5ZadZGwe6oygea_HEvFqpKVamvSvvqRZVd8GJnRqQPR1T1C5kaZJHzDdGJ9NCWQX7A8R1c8FfmAm7qFW55hH0kaijICSEJP/s3808/1.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2192" data-original-width="3808" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjenLbLAnl0PDdaftPxTWcQtCmr78zMwbF5oPZlbH9cP7-AfYELRZ8pgR48kI1SK9iwYChIe-Feuew8OsNo8RB3jX3Q1c1WF5ZadZGwe6oygea_HEvFqpKVamvSvvqRZVd8GJnRqQPR1T1C5kaZJHzDdGJ9NCWQX7A8R1c8FfmAm7qFW55hH0kaijICSEJP/w400-h230/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of peasants armed with crossbows and arquebuses.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVVpaLAR3Qjgr1TW0fsyJT37fJiyAJSHfM3StuOBrUHqTa2q6s9BXKFI6H9QOUtAjOa00c-5bMKM4FcrbL6nDIxgNvh4ulPEc9mc13wsA-i7rctOVsbOfbFvbefFtOldsGmjd2z6cSPKI0bkHzwesJtRaDx5c_pQi1u0hZHgx_VZlJ_MZIp4T1x-VbKaYU/s4268/P1150051.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3084" data-original-width="4268" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVVpaLAR3Qjgr1TW0fsyJT37fJiyAJSHfM3StuOBrUHqTa2q6s9BXKFI6H9QOUtAjOa00c-5bMKM4FcrbL6nDIxgNvh4ulPEc9mc13wsA-i7rctOVsbOfbFvbefFtOldsGmjd2z6cSPKI0bkHzwesJtRaDx5c_pQi1u0hZHgx_VZlJ_MZIp4T1x-VbKaYU/w400-h289/P1150051.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm Peasant shot.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeybdNgzwjrPIX38yyQSgqXFr6TuJN0ltL8Ugr6LipsrUqnHuNdVmShzmZNv55FqV0P5wdX25DLQ46hWB7huLjPeb44S7ANIZGgPJB6vGayVGA37ZDVgWPAZH0a8MXYJQsH4tBdV2aep8ppFAiHOR5xMCZLFQuvZ7-3QCsTnzbWoTysdwQtONe9Xyi0nao/s3380/P1150055.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3048" data-original-width="3380" height="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeybdNgzwjrPIX38yyQSgqXFr6TuJN0ltL8Ugr6LipsrUqnHuNdVmShzmZNv55FqV0P5wdX25DLQ46hWB7huLjPeb44S7ANIZGgPJB6vGayVGA37ZDVgWPAZH0a8MXYJQsH4tBdV2aep8ppFAiHOR5xMCZLFQuvZ7-3QCsTnzbWoTysdwQtONe9Xyi0nao/w400-h361/P1150055.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The unit is a mix of peasants and landsknecht.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ACDTt_HCHIl6Vz-nYzdnOUDEO3a9opLVebzG5sxxgW6O82bX9fp_3GglLeimDLtnqfidYvKCnFo-TExU8mhYy3x0i_cU2_gtG1ghyEanSGFqxeCtpiEEOT_n58YQqmRqHVikn-hkjPF-KWcW61YoWifBAjl-q56ZG8BbsSy3AKUJ4oU9GxlHWGgSTvAQ/s3912/P1150063.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2592" data-original-width="3912" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ACDTt_HCHIl6Vz-nYzdnOUDEO3a9opLVebzG5sxxgW6O82bX9fp_3GglLeimDLtnqfidYvKCnFo-TExU8mhYy3x0i_cU2_gtG1ghyEanSGFqxeCtpiEEOT_n58YQqmRqHVikn-hkjPF-KWcW61YoWifBAjl-q56ZG8BbsSy3AKUJ4oU9GxlHWGgSTvAQ/w400-h265/P1150063.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm Peasant and landsknecht shot.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6d-pq6BZjFqHKDEO8tz16FkjBFY5Lz8lqo-lW9BsZC2TSF7qZ47y-xSG42Ta3NLmhMFcbUUTaTdEB0y7G5aG9lXCHmgZCr4TDG4qvtxngwN86IonaSyUc8wLhgVmAy6AcVWZ7CM2IeUr1k5hCRoz7Z46lzl3oxtJeLNzzGNzwpCpKPcnj1AZatsaISZ4D/s2924/P1150075.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2292" data-original-width="2924" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6d-pq6BZjFqHKDEO8tz16FkjBFY5Lz8lqo-lW9BsZC2TSF7qZ47y-xSG42Ta3NLmhMFcbUUTaTdEB0y7G5aG9lXCHmgZCr4TDG4qvtxngwN86IonaSyUc8wLhgVmAy6AcVWZ7CM2IeUr1k5hCRoz7Z46lzl3oxtJeLNzzGNzwpCpKPcnj1AZatsaISZ4D/w400-h314/P1150075.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeY5Zvz6GD-HboEGkrvVIi6A7UuUjX3oXjlqjDCcEkXt2xNlF0Z1enlNEN82I8kmNOGOdeP5Wb66X2m-IDD5lmjNaIeeH7zkmQrrE8RwmWy2Vy0ElNrhY_wXeLpNhViZ5f8QU_OPlPIy9T-LNUeClTlXCJiLi6dzLLQRReB8ou92Db9gISY_cwXxTe7jv7/s4180/P1150085.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2212" data-original-width="4180" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeY5Zvz6GD-HboEGkrvVIi6A7UuUjX3oXjlqjDCcEkXt2xNlF0Z1enlNEN82I8kmNOGOdeP5Wb66X2m-IDD5lmjNaIeeH7zkmQrrE8RwmWy2Vy0ElNrhY_wXeLpNhViZ5f8QU_OPlPIy9T-LNUeClTlXCJiLi6dzLLQRReB8ou92Db9gISY_cwXxTe7jv7/w400-h211/P1150085.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p></div></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-55721954972739878262024-02-15T08:25:00.000-08:002024-02-15T08:25:43.172-08:0016th Century Janissaries<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEsG74g7S7iC81Y85SLTLLseU6Ttgs_9vsF2yKC1WBC6-azZYonOPMUquoW2amVJPxdMo_tj0s2bO5T7UAjji-PGvAeGdF8V5AphrHJiTaQ-11RtL6ctuZz3nznzZaNio9hlz6SBLyTC1awgvMCkpsmXRgW7NC5DxJkkPgmdxROv2MTsc9oKrzcgJrcCcI/s1764/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1190" data-original-width="1764" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEsG74g7S7iC81Y85SLTLLseU6Ttgs_9vsF2yKC1WBC6-azZYonOPMUquoW2amVJPxdMo_tj0s2bO5T7UAjji-PGvAeGdF8V5AphrHJiTaQ-11RtL6ctuZz3nznzZaNio9hlz6SBLyTC1awgvMCkpsmXRgW7NC5DxJkkPgmdxROv2MTsc9oKrzcgJrcCcI/w400-h270/1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div>Today's post sees a return to the Ottoman army with some more janissaries. The figures are from the excellent Warfare Miniatures Ottoman Turkish range. The range represents the janissaries of the 17th and 18th centuries but as these particular figures are armed with bows or swords and shields they also work well for the 16th century. I have tweaked some them a little to make them more suitable for the 1500s but there are no great changes to the miniatures. As discussed in my original post on the janissaries, <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2020/05/early-16th-century-janissaries.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2020/05/early-16th-century-janissaries.html</a>, it is difficult to know how they looked on campaign during the first half of the sixteenth century. I have serious doubts as to how much of the "classic" janissary uniform would have been worn on campaign, included the famed "ak börk" or "bork" white caps, and how uniformed they would have been.<br /><br />Further to this, having recently read a translation of Konstantin Mihailovic's account of the Ottoman army in the second half of the 15th century I thought it would be interesting to include his description of how the janissaries were organised in the post. Whether or not he was actually a janissary seems up for debate, he may have been some kind of Serbian auxiliary providing support to the janissary corps. Writing between 1490 and 1500 his chapter concerning the organisation of the Imperial court describes the janissaries as such:<div><br /></div><div><i>"And at the court there are about four thousand Janissaries, and among them there is the following organisation. They have over them a senior hetman called an aga, a great lord. He receives ten gold pieces a day, and his steward, one gold piece a day. To each centurion they give a gold piece every two days, and to their stewards, a gold piece every four days. And all their sons who grow out of boyhood have a wage from the emperor. And no courtier who permits himself something will be punished by the honest ones by fine, but rather by death; they dare not however, punish any courtier publicly, but secretly, because of the other courtiers for they would revolt. And no Janissary nor any decurion of theirs dare ride a horse, save the hetman himself and the steward. And among them it is so arranged that some are archers who shoot bows, some are gunners who shoot mortars, others muskets, and still others, crossbows. And every day they must appear with their weapons before their hetmans. And he gives each one a gold piece per year for a bow, and in addition a tunic, a shirt, and large trousers made, as is their fashion, of three ells of cloth, and a shirt of eight ells. And this I myself distributed to them for two years from the imperial court."</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div>This extract from Mihailovic's memoirs provides evidence that the janissaries might have been in some kind of uniform as they were provided with their clothing each year. The addition of these figures dressed in blue means that I can still field the various units in the collection as uniformed or they can be mixed to provide even more colourful units of janissaries. The last few photos below show these new figures mixed in with those completed a few years ago, dressed in green and red. <br /><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX5MLKxV4MR3Aa5CxWoxvFOUECvT5UBQOgP1EncdUMvWb0Gjqz2YsqYPYmsY6iBPCCYeAmMPeDYG9z5aL7EOZYe9NfPwhAJjOs21jOVqJ6jha6pk-5is7cZgBs7_vMpS8KJ0mitfVJOnRbWoqejAvIym1ODlK0OrcRhLXSWI_TOlzprBdvh9klr86HIHEI/s4300/P1130183.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2408" data-original-width="4300" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX5MLKxV4MR3Aa5CxWoxvFOUECvT5UBQOgP1EncdUMvWb0Gjqz2YsqYPYmsY6iBPCCYeAmMPeDYG9z5aL7EOZYe9NfPwhAJjOs21jOVqJ6jha6pk-5is7cZgBs7_vMpS8KJ0mitfVJOnRbWoqejAvIym1ODlK0OrcRhLXSWI_TOlzprBdvh9klr86HIHEI/w400-h224/P1130183.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Attacking Janissaries - the figures are converted Warfare Miniatures Janissaries.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdf8Yap_CGvNKtrTHP8J9KRGMRt7c8jm8DReYKoVI1CscYanMeChU3QnLb1Jfxip7jYKHdp0DI-53oNHe7uD08RKLM4QzBwfOvoVZsamJAXX0tSRX9LBgKCbrPcVlgNgFFZRqOmpH1d0mOLzrX9QYVkB8MjoZm4uPMgYKXVgInqmdmkJYXDTXvKktMF8AG/s1920/thumbnail_IMG_5198.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdf8Yap_CGvNKtrTHP8J9KRGMRt7c8jm8DReYKoVI1CscYanMeChU3QnLb1Jfxip7jYKHdp0DI-53oNHe7uD08RKLM4QzBwfOvoVZsamJAXX0tSRX9LBgKCbrPcVlgNgFFZRqOmpH1d0mOLzrX9QYVkB8MjoZm4uPMgYKXVgInqmdmkJYXDTXvKktMF8AG/w400-h300/thumbnail_IMG_5198.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm Janissaries with bows from Warfare Miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKr8uY7lz4gByM6tYepqnU5swSXkyzhyubiQaXQU3kNVmrcdW0kKoph2b5b1RXOnjotbTKr7N_AQpoQAQ-0EyRBetSnr_bUAZWuj4cqqku1TUDVCIys-Wn1bQHebCqJv2VKWJmMFOVtT0wEqmqEBkoyytGZKjSvlximRjcR1uTdpNO2WUR8JuRhg2Z1O1D/s4008/P1120696.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2296" data-original-width="4008" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKr8uY7lz4gByM6tYepqnU5swSXkyzhyubiQaXQU3kNVmrcdW0kKoph2b5b1RXOnjotbTKr7N_AQpoQAQ-0EyRBetSnr_bUAZWuj4cqqku1TUDVCIys-Wn1bQHebCqJv2VKWJmMFOVtT0wEqmqEBkoyytGZKjSvlximRjcR1uTdpNO2WUR8JuRhg2Z1O1D/w400-h229/P1120696.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early 16th Century Janissaries.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFUErXoFERzzU3cpDZIjOS9a3MQIqDppakvcIfL-qvfPhz_fh7X2Js58g7ku0WVQlX_nOMDbCsVRcHuMg7ggb0IhQrT5Nr9zHOkUltUqmMrffIlDllGpJgaaqkGAraiJgXJU89BIWjI7NxjAKWBK7hxWioE5vNZi8BsI6Xl4JVg30gK-11YLIK1Yl0vo8Y/s1920/thumbnail_IMG_5201.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFUErXoFERzzU3cpDZIjOS9a3MQIqDppakvcIfL-qvfPhz_fh7X2Js58g7ku0WVQlX_nOMDbCsVRcHuMg7ggb0IhQrT5Nr9zHOkUltUqmMrffIlDllGpJgaaqkGAraiJgXJU89BIWjI7NxjAKWBK7hxWioE5vNZi8BsI6Xl4JVg30gK-11YLIK1Yl0vo8Y/w400-h300/thumbnail_IMG_5201.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the officers is wearing an animal skin carrying a halberd. Perhaps he is a "<i>centurion</i>" or "<i>steward</i>" as described by Konstantin Mihailovic.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTXqSPrE9jmHVpkXIUWPWFJqdv-zr6SALVrAx2xM8MUkF2ll62HS9UW7KO-IU2EkhrOgGba9lWKpscgzBSx06DSICmafRUdThgHKq3gDp8EI4RfGtTetTdElOAe9CkccN8Xyn2vaSgzHEOjn6gyiU-3pl3TBqn8BT8iR_tX0TVox91K8_4_ePKXFt0bLOZ/s1920/thumbnail_IMG_5219.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTXqSPrE9jmHVpkXIUWPWFJqdv-zr6SALVrAx2xM8MUkF2ll62HS9UW7KO-IU2EkhrOgGba9lWKpscgzBSx06DSICmafRUdThgHKq3gDp8EI4RfGtTetTdElOAe9CkccN8Xyn2vaSgzHEOjn6gyiU-3pl3TBqn8BT8iR_tX0TVox91K8_4_ePKXFt0bLOZ/w400-h300/thumbnail_IMG_5219.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early 16th Century Janissaries.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-PEYkemgedS8m9FeASsymOLWaYZwykRWVl94F1nMPVwvIFyPkoNOwQK6LBMVX6JuNRzymI8URXGdCxw6M5afZaekZdI_SwGzB1oBl2a_4Dn18-JxP_nkfqOLoadA2bml2vJv4SIl9sPquC50Hd-VU0GkIz79KHZEAePoxQ-QwL750DJvfMH7Wos_LXNjA/s4608/xP1120746.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2616" data-original-width="4608" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-PEYkemgedS8m9FeASsymOLWaYZwykRWVl94F1nMPVwvIFyPkoNOwQK6LBMVX6JuNRzymI8URXGdCxw6M5afZaekZdI_SwGzB1oBl2a_4Dn18-JxP_nkfqOLoadA2bml2vJv4SIl9sPquC50Hd-VU0GkIz79KHZEAePoxQ-QwL750DJvfMH7Wos_LXNjA/w400-h228/xP1120746.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A mix of Old Glory, Assault Group, Essex Miniatures and Warfare Miniatures Janissaries. The flags are also all from Warfare Miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLt2BQusnFDgO9M0DGg8Ss21Tgzc7D_bEkNXaWv417L033X98jW7SRFNAmwBW8bYMNwSSB9gPrupW48n7QhzYyuegK2Et0kvo9XOUphzS1esAiwqYg717Eh8NREM7HDZqoQmzdAelxNNKMncRLl5rxSEviIpa0QOkTJUbtg6-R2DAR8xDXMy2c5_bnU7Ti/s4364/xP1130191.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2716" data-original-width="4364" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLt2BQusnFDgO9M0DGg8Ss21Tgzc7D_bEkNXaWv417L033X98jW7SRFNAmwBW8bYMNwSSB9gPrupW48n7QhzYyuegK2Et0kvo9XOUphzS1esAiwqYg717Eh8NREM7HDZqoQmzdAelxNNKMncRLl5rxSEviIpa0QOkTJUbtg6-R2DAR8xDXMy2c5_bnU7Ti/w400-h249/xP1130191.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Janissaries for the first half of the 16th century. Note how two of them are mounted. These must be the "<i style="text-align: left;">hetman himself and the steward" </i><span style="text-align: left;">as, according to Mihailovic, no other janissary<i> "dare ride a horse"</i>!</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p></div></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-27071579836807911962024-02-01T09:06:00.000-08:002024-02-01T09:06:55.677-08:00Szina, 1528<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoOjIa_ISlXCw3lOZF_blMomOmqSK-7Kq7293s0dxDNzlVCzoE2W7NpMUTuQ_xRjs2TOFCkKC44ZLAn2498PQkcxsfo1uYxb9cbn_ElJx1y5sfRsSGvwX_EbXbEqP5kUHsAy8HAv2U8h6N2RJtDaqAUCEhMBT8wLOkonXJ8zG0DmVwDF5IrSK2UTXgGupL/s2100/1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2100" data-original-width="1812" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoOjIa_ISlXCw3lOZF_blMomOmqSK-7Kq7293s0dxDNzlVCzoE2W7NpMUTuQ_xRjs2TOFCkKC44ZLAn2498PQkcxsfo1uYxb9cbn_ElJx1y5sfRsSGvwX_EbXbEqP5kUHsAy8HAv2U8h6N2RJtDaqAUCEhMBT8wLOkonXJ8zG0DmVwDF5IrSK2UTXgGupL/w345-h400/1.JPG" width="345" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>In January my friend Tom visited and we started the wargaming year with a big set piece battle. Last year all of the games Tom and I played involved fortifications in some way so we thought it would be good to have a change and game the follow on clash from our 2021 Tarcal scenario, <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/08/tarcal-1527.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/08/tarcal-1527.html</a>, the battle of Szina, 1528, which took place in modern day Slovakia. As this was a scenario from the civil war in the 1520s Kingdom of Hungary it also gave me the chance to field my newly completed voynuks as some of John <span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's eastern European mercenaries</span>.</div><div><br /><div><u>Szina, 1528</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The Ottoman defeat of the Hungarian King, Louis II, at Mohacs in August 1526 led to civil war in Hungary. Louis II died without an heir and Ferdinand of Habsburg had a claim to the Hungarian crown, being Louis II's brother-in-law. In December 1526 Ferdinand was elected by a faction of the Hungarian greater nobility and Catholic clergy. They hoped his family connections as a Habsburg would mean he could defend the kingdom against the Ottoman threat. Ferdinand's election ignored the fact that just a month previously much of the lesser nobility of Hungary had proclaimed John Zápolya, Voivode of Transylvania as their King.</div><div><br /></div><div>On 27 September 1527 Ferdinand's army, commanded by Nicholas, Count of Salm, defeated Zápolya's smaller force at Tarcal (see the link to our refight of this above). Zápolya escaped the field returning to Transylvania. Here he raised an army of around 13,000 Transylvanian, Serbian and Polish troops and within 6 months was able to challenge Ferdinand's claim to the crown again. Zápolya advanced into Hungary being joined by perhaps as many as 2,000 Hungarian troops as he entered the kingdom. Initially things went well for him as his army pushed back the forces of one of Ferdinand's captains, Péter Perényi, and besieged the towns of Sárospatak and Sátoraljaújhely.</div><div><br /></div><div>To combat Zápolya's invasion Johann von Katzianer, a veteran commander who had led much of Ferdinand's infantry at Tarcal, and Bálint Török, who had fought at Mohacs and Tarcal, headed towards the city of Kassa with an army of around 13,000 to 14,000 men. Their army was comprised Hungarian, Austrian and German troops including contingents of landsknecht. There was already discord in the ranks of John Zápolya's mercenary army as hostilities were breaking out between the Serbian and Polish troops. Despite this Zápolya advanced towards the Habsburg forces and the armies met at Szina, not far from Kassa, on 20 March 1528. </div><div><br /></div><div>Zápolya's army attacked but being comprised mainly of light cavalry it could do little to break the ranks of the disciplined landsknecht. It seems the most steadfast of his troops were the Polish infantry who put up a hard fight until their artillery was captured. This was the turning point of the battle being followed by a rout in which Zápolya himself was nearly captured. Around 300 of the Polish infantry were slain whilst several thousand of the other mercenaries were killed as the army broke and fled. The light horse of Bálint Török and Lajos Pekry pursued Zápolya's horsemen catching them on 25 March where they inflicted yet more casualties, effectively destroying the army. John Zápolya fled to Poland but Sigismund I, the Polish King, would not provide him with aid driving Zápolya into an alliance with the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman. A year later the Ottomans would strike back at the Habsburgs and besiege Vienna in September 1529.</div></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSM0j9-Q8VDqdw68TG0-n9M3AatVyCe0X-h4IIaF2haFUpVKHJYij_3_t72mVJkU_gDM_cZ7qyzzvSgJvZxgXansy5PCo8tP6aBYOS0E9oFeOB4qwRnZYoQScHqb9M5U0ZMZc6gwQiJ8FGYT0U9UwQbijWc9ZoHbxOHQq5xF85bUTFE7UT9GxeGuY-U3T_/s4212/P1150621.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4212" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSM0j9-Q8VDqdw68TG0-n9M3AatVyCe0X-h4IIaF2haFUpVKHJYij_3_t72mVJkU_gDM_cZ7qyzzvSgJvZxgXansy5PCo8tP6aBYOS0E9oFeOB4qwRnZYoQScHqb9M5U0ZMZc6gwQiJ8FGYT0U9UwQbijWc9ZoHbxOHQq5xF85bUTFE7UT9GxeGuY-U3T_/w400-h285/P1150621.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table. On the left is the Habsburg army with the cavalry contingent at the top and the infantry in the fore. On the right is Zápolya's army with the Balkan cavalry on the bottom right and the mercenary infantry arrayed beyond the horsemen. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN2bJY0nS4jHWLLwi899mY-jcGPxqv52NU28oJQ53_hpq8HrW2n15owp_phwkUdauwRd3DFq_ag4p1tnVIp1vM_FLa3yspq7NYzlTv0MiGXPDNxf5yKDF9KsrgnjJ3rShWROJ8HVskjUogHegavkaqzL-0Gp09hhVVqUV8XSDsOfaovQV76AlzFqc-LHPX/s4200/P1150635.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4200" data-original-width="1900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN2bJY0nS4jHWLLwi899mY-jcGPxqv52NU28oJQ53_hpq8HrW2n15owp_phwkUdauwRd3DFq_ag4p1tnVIp1vM_FLa3yspq7NYzlTv0MiGXPDNxf5yKDF9KsrgnjJ3rShWROJ8HVskjUogHegavkaqzL-0Gp09hhVVqUV8XSDsOfaovQV76AlzFqc-LHPX/w181-h400/P1150635.JPG" width="181" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view down the line of Zápolya's army. The Polish infantry have deployed amongst the artillery in a defensive formation. </td></tr></tbody></table><u><br /></u><div><u>Scenario<br /></u><br />As with our previous refight of Tarcal it is hard to find much information on this battle in English. What details we did have we used to put together the following scenario. As always the game was played using an adapted version of Lion Rampant. Each player had a cavalry, infantry and artillery retinue.<div><br /></div><div><div>The game was played out as a pitched battle with both forces deploying facing one another.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Victory</u></div><div><br /></div><div>For the Habsburg forces to achieve victory they had to kill or rout John Zápolya. For Zápolya's army to achieve victory it had to rout or kill over half the points values of both the Habsburg cavalry and infantry retinues. If both of these objectives were achieved by the players in the same turn then the game would be considered a draw.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Activation Fails</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div><div>Each turn each player took 5 cards from a deck. Any King, Queen or Jack cards from the 5 they took could be used to get a reroll on an activation fail for that turn for one of their retinues. At the end of the turn all unused cards were put in a discard pile. Once the deck ran out a fresh deck was used for the reroll cards.<br /><br />As the discipline of the Habsburg troops was also a factor in their victory we also made it easier for the landsknecht arquebusiers to roll a "shoot" activation than is normally the case in our rules to represent this.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Artillery</u></div><div><br /></div><div>This was a pitched battle in which the taking of Zápolya's artillery was a key moment. To represent this each player had a third retinue of 4 culverins. This retinue could attempt to activate at the start of each player's turn after which they could activate their other retinues. The artillery retinues did not have retinue leaders like a normal retinue.<br /><br /></div><div><u>Discord in the ranks</u></div><div><br /></div><div>As Zápolya's mercenary army was suffering from discord in the ranks before the battle any unit in Zápolya's army that rolled a blunder result in an activation would shoot if missile armed or attack if melee armed the nearest friendly unit of a different type if this was possible rather than rolling on the blunder chart. For example a pavise infantry unit that rolled a blunder would not attack another pavise infantry unit within 4" of it but would attack a light cavalry unit 6" from it as the cavalry unit would be of a different type.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7wuBb9TbOtAh32nGjkAmt08t_6DghNcgnXZkDVn-nAr3KlToO0pjfqibm6b3ANy0hTVW0DASdGt4sU019sP7PlIXgsX1cdfY7QAdqPaxSq5XhN0Bs_r9RxLzqDL4FkpKXxKbCJQ30ztqoz98FANYClXaWlB3UXA26Cm_USaWu1xaN9OK5KlPTPfkLv1H2/s3104/P1150636.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2320" data-original-width="3104" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7wuBb9TbOtAh32nGjkAmt08t_6DghNcgnXZkDVn-nAr3KlToO0pjfqibm6b3ANy0hTVW0DASdGt4sU019sP7PlIXgsX1cdfY7QAdqPaxSq5XhN0Bs_r9RxLzqDL4FkpKXxKbCJQ30ztqoz98FANYClXaWlB3UXA26Cm_USaWu1xaN9OK5KlPTPfkLv1H2/w400-h299/P1150636.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Zápolya and his household guard are deployed behind the heavy guns and mercenary infantry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Cjv7-FCA8II58EefJwJEm9HoUd6oOybihgKCPw0KorsFwjlSIRdXtzPH74lSd48gMr5q8s2Y-uUlayQER7_CkAQpYUakiZu3ONa0GoNq60wxOJzLR0PPEMiKOTbrSMWiKtJuD2yfsQZu4MtEjxjK1IyLkwQDGAKtpXuXzGEqSpWOdMkAKUSXjpVTaFTk/s3488/P1150666.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3488" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Cjv7-FCA8II58EefJwJEm9HoUd6oOybihgKCPw0KorsFwjlSIRdXtzPH74lSd48gMr5q8s2Y-uUlayQER7_CkAQpYUakiZu3ONa0GoNq60wxOJzLR0PPEMiKOTbrSMWiKtJuD2yfsQZu4MtEjxjK1IyLkwQDGAKtpXuXzGEqSpWOdMkAKUSXjpVTaFTk/w400-h396/P1150666.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ferdinand of Habsburg's army under the command of Johann von Katzianer and Bálint Török. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUN5mZXlYpM0d9gC_l0ACmtDMDWIMmZZCFSrbwbrehIgGTbkqqLZHUUBP_aSQ1eTrNlXc5q3upNh-ujpGu8R98xx2EF12MKrPLNBDNo51ykyqOx0lswoDTD8kPLaeZwTcxsbfMp4jheKyeBgzrMME8peueo4iIh2Uu6NziR2uH2wwIpN7WZOQIHmXJE5Og/s4200/P1150667.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4200" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUN5mZXlYpM0d9gC_l0ACmtDMDWIMmZZCFSrbwbrehIgGTbkqqLZHUUBP_aSQ1eTrNlXc5q3upNh-ujpGu8R98xx2EF12MKrPLNBDNo51ykyqOx0lswoDTD8kPLaeZwTcxsbfMp4jheKyeBgzrMME8peueo4iIh2Uu6NziR2uH2wwIpN7WZOQIHmXJE5Og/w400-h329/P1150667.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the infantry contingent of the Habsburg army. The landsknecht and Hungarian infantry are deployed around the guns. Johann von Katzianer can be seen under the yellow Habsburg flag bearing the red saltire in the top right of the photo.</td></tr></tbody></table><div><u><br /></u></div><div><u>The Armies</u></div><div><br />We decided to dice to see who commanded which army in this game and the result was that Tom took command of the Habsburg forces whilst I took command of John Zápolya's mercenary army.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Army of Ferdinand of Habsburg</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The infantry under Johann von Katzianer</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Johann von Katzianer retinue leader)</div><div>4 Units of Landsknecht Pike</div><div>3 Units of Landsknecht Arquebusiers</div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Halberdiers</div><div>1 Unit of Pavise and Arquebus Infantry</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The cavalry under Bálint Török </u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Bálint Török retinue leader)</div><div>2 Units of Gendarmes</div><div>2 Units of Hussars</div><div>2 Units of Hungarian Horse</div><div>1 Unit of Lancers</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Artillery</u></div><div><br /></div><div>4 Culverins</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Army of John Zápolya</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The cavalry under John Zápolya</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (John Zápolya retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes</div><div>2 Units of Hussars</div><div>5 Units of Balkan Cavalry</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The mercenary infantry</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Polish Mercenary captain retinue leader)</div><div>3 Units of Pavise and Arquebus Infantry (The Polish infantry)</div><div>2 Units of Eastern Armoured infantry (The Serbian infantry)</div><div>1 Unit of Mercenary Shot</div><div>1 Unit of Levy Pike</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Artillery</u></div><div><br /></div><div>4 Culverins</div><div><br /></div><div>The captions under the photos are a good way to follow the game but a brief write up also follows.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgphxqX7BpK2aBLx_6EtFMNg1DJZynoI3JNDj8e38yFLV2HRxd7MyuxI45ME3_U8gM9N-GskR-3Ne2nFgmu0KRJzWTNw04otqjfr06lhZMcAGfMdPzM_26JUvtL2HgnfAPDPavsfItBODKVPhsdwMT09l1Ya26mHpUOLyyR5CzGNpcgHtSCERP6c0JmgjoB/s4552/P1150673.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4552" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgphxqX7BpK2aBLx_6EtFMNg1DJZynoI3JNDj8e38yFLV2HRxd7MyuxI45ME3_U8gM9N-GskR-3Ne2nFgmu0KRJzWTNw04otqjfr06lhZMcAGfMdPzM_26JUvtL2HgnfAPDPavsfItBODKVPhsdwMT09l1Ya26mHpUOLyyR5CzGNpcgHtSCERP6c0JmgjoB/w400-h304/P1150673.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The battle commences with a long range artillery bombardment from the Habsburg army. Some of the gun crews in Zápolya's army take casualties.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6ayMsvVbDpjSmihXLWLh7XaU9H4G84HmPyxMzDmkCkMD1y_ZmEoWzQEsGxCHMeR4og1XlU6Q3JSvY8RFQSaA8NvcjopFAbmyugzaJkh_gbMs38xL5j1j3KG0pZEpP1cuOwS7ogIDLQ-g0NUe8xYv2Tz3S0_-3lWfFjfHhn_o9JbPECjfZCnccogUlKkur/s3368/P1150681.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3368" data-original-width="1928" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6ayMsvVbDpjSmihXLWLh7XaU9H4G84HmPyxMzDmkCkMD1y_ZmEoWzQEsGxCHMeR4og1XlU6Q3JSvY8RFQSaA8NvcjopFAbmyugzaJkh_gbMs38xL5j1j3KG0pZEpP1cuOwS7ogIDLQ-g0NUe8xYv2Tz3S0_-3lWfFjfHhn_o9JbPECjfZCnccogUlKkur/w229-h400/P1150681.JPG" width="229" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Following the opening artillery salvos Johann von Katzianer orders a general advance of the Habsburg army.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNKb44GEJYRwM0y7toKM3wKQ5wMsbObOdb8YQUlUEkF4yp-iloDRFXS-yW5-vBojNleTdXXU-LpmdbopkKRgjOqQwysyMoiTOYrkGOXBsxeV8yorYGmCzuCu4lMrALA_mWP-ZQdQXK9hyiOoYRtio5nkR3rgwLIVVQFvEwvbacQqauriqJp9Sjc-lbLHUI/s3428/P1150705.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2644" data-original-width="3428" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNKb44GEJYRwM0y7toKM3wKQ5wMsbObOdb8YQUlUEkF4yp-iloDRFXS-yW5-vBojNleTdXXU-LpmdbopkKRgjOqQwysyMoiTOYrkGOXBsxeV8yorYGmCzuCu4lMrALA_mWP-ZQdQXK9hyiOoYRtio5nkR3rgwLIVVQFvEwvbacQqauriqJp9Sjc-lbLHUI/w400-h309/P1150705.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's mercenaries open fire on the advancing Hungarian and German horse.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrld3XXGgEcaapR_T-NlWkT2dVplaZ2oMinobZjgzHNxtkAs4bMVP7sz0HfjzCfXU7GgVC8NDB5RRS9C_iKPxtPem9YF2TdgF0lA2J23y_ftV3pgg9zyM5OYxX8Xs6cK2N1i0PSGelwTaUuwPVeVdv2rchG6ZMeROrZYjmJdn0ohiFIJp7YGRPDUWqrMEU/s4204/P1150722.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1896" data-original-width="4204" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrld3XXGgEcaapR_T-NlWkT2dVplaZ2oMinobZjgzHNxtkAs4bMVP7sz0HfjzCfXU7GgVC8NDB5RRS9C_iKPxtPem9YF2TdgF0lA2J23y_ftV3pgg9zyM5OYxX8Xs6cK2N1i0PSGelwTaUuwPVeVdv2rchG6ZMeROrZYjmJdn0ohiFIJp7YGRPDUWqrMEU/w400-h180/P1150722.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hungarian hussars and horse archers are joined by Imperial gendarmes for the attack.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihYRcdAn2t17pYHXW8dqrIhlISHQk6QFVShoMHLwvc5qVfa3GC-ETD8IPME21xPUckpEeXK-5s3jfkgHX_heoqCtIXqPk3JAg_KcXLzNlc1AqPMa26YzNCwY18Gd_vbYcdmCAzQ4vu5mppMezCpLiYhI1D0jhzdCWjUmtUwOzb8C8uJ9aak6v8x4V_4kRM/s4264/P1150725.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4264" data-original-width="3264" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihYRcdAn2t17pYHXW8dqrIhlISHQk6QFVShoMHLwvc5qVfa3GC-ETD8IPME21xPUckpEeXK-5s3jfkgHX_heoqCtIXqPk3JAg_KcXLzNlc1AqPMa26YzNCwY18Gd_vbYcdmCAzQ4vu5mppMezCpLiYhI1D0jhzdCWjUmtUwOzb8C8uJ9aak6v8x4V_4kRM/w306-h400/P1150725.JPG" width="306" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An overview of the field as the Habsburg forces push forward.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The day started with the crack of cannon fire as Johann von Katzianer ordered his guns into action. Shots crashed into <span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's mercenary troops killing some of his artillery crews. As the guns opened fire the horns and drums of the Habsburg army sounded and a general advance on </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's position began. The landsknecht marched grimly towards the rival Hungarian king's forces whilst the cavalry raced ahead to charge onto </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's right flank.<br /></span><br />Hungarian hussars and then Imperial gendarmes and lancers crashed into <span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's Serbian and Polish infantry. A series of fierce melees developed with both sides taking casualties. The mercenary infantry were driven back but </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's lines held forcing the Habsburg cavalry to wheel about and regroup. There may have been ill discipline in </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's army previously but in the heat of battle most of the troops held meaning </span>Bálint Török and his<span style="text-align: center;"> cavalry were unable to sweep them away.</span><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJaQWG3hKn9URqMalpwm2KPIr63oVwns6thwSTDGhzn51WDcpYyuqpc90rWKe8-qbrx4WfK2DGzjyVswGGVhrK2l6ii2XN2o_zWN_DFTZxPTelyJJnHfbPJOCN-gMZaH1H3o7OK2aXylUtJSi_JbbKwk2jpWVqOFG4w-pC4gND808P1_SraoHdPRgUouZ3/s4140/P1150731.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3128" data-original-width="4140" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJaQWG3hKn9URqMalpwm2KPIr63oVwns6thwSTDGhzn51WDcpYyuqpc90rWKe8-qbrx4WfK2DGzjyVswGGVhrK2l6ii2XN2o_zWN_DFTZxPTelyJJnHfbPJOCN-gMZaH1H3o7OK2aXylUtJSi_JbbKwk2jpWVqOFG4w-pC4gND808P1_SraoHdPRgUouZ3/w400-h303/P1150731.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Battle is joined as a unit of hussars charges into a formation of Zápolya's Serbian mercenaries...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOi7E0yhUAFjkJjNQvQlkV1elG-yuPY2vQjAgdARSr1NPHj15dWphOsj13lR2K2s_VUg83XbolyrzsTdROkAj2jGrSE8sU5UZOMvLZiiZyPNQBEpGEiDaFE6UXWYvVOZQ3w0ecNKzWRwlt0EkaBYd7dPX8orLNp1XellNOnAv8FuIGM8twI8zCMUOFdJe0/s4448/P1150739.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4448" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOi7E0yhUAFjkJjNQvQlkV1elG-yuPY2vQjAgdARSr1NPHj15dWphOsj13lR2K2s_VUg83XbolyrzsTdROkAj2jGrSE8sU5UZOMvLZiiZyPNQBEpGEiDaFE6UXWYvVOZQ3w0ecNKzWRwlt0EkaBYd7dPX8orLNp1XellNOnAv8FuIGM8twI8zCMUOFdJe0/w400-h311/P1150739.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...the hussars are driven off by the Serbian infantry only for a unit of Imperial gendarmes to crash into them and send the Serbs fleeing from the field.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUbzQkEG7eVP2ARa6vdyI5ywA884Gl8hyphenhyphensVa8wjGLAxjWlUlwwMjaMoGPSmNioUgZHVkCF6CEPHDk8qnxKtX3JdQlMGrpoIREeaUuFvhP48_Tzxs2R09g_y_V58PEXNoRuI7GAUuj0laWIbbNo2uwbtFQR00x2vZsIay-uB6Sfx1Ivx0xLwH9U5xVrYcAm/s3500/P1150755.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2728" data-original-width="3500" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUbzQkEG7eVP2ARa6vdyI5ywA884Gl8hyphenhyphensVa8wjGLAxjWlUlwwMjaMoGPSmNioUgZHVkCF6CEPHDk8qnxKtX3JdQlMGrpoIREeaUuFvhP48_Tzxs2R09g_y_V58PEXNoRuI7GAUuj0laWIbbNo2uwbtFQR00x2vZsIay-uB6Sfx1Ivx0xLwH9U5xVrYcAm/w400-h311/P1150755.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's Polish mercenary infantry are the next to be engaged, charged by a detachment of Imperial lancers. The lancers are driven off but inflict high casualties on the infantry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRj1Yyo8qN3nvNa05pgRLGMi8HqzfHdl99zYXe_6j5l4YZHQMT7k0M8sYoyhH93V31tB-5NCVeWY9R9ofJnVZUHRNqaQlDDnwyjjEC2suEOru55GfLa0e7ijdt5kp6GYP7ThcI-fIlbwkVJDDEvZujy6BA9o0c150O2O3jk2A9YbShr0rN0WuKxqJG1Fbp/s3248/P1150762.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3020" data-original-width="3248" height="373" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRj1Yyo8qN3nvNa05pgRLGMi8HqzfHdl99zYXe_6j5l4YZHQMT7k0M8sYoyhH93V31tB-5NCVeWY9R9ofJnVZUHRNqaQlDDnwyjjEC2suEOru55GfLa0e7ijdt5kp6GYP7ThcI-fIlbwkVJDDEvZujy6BA9o0c150O2O3jk2A9YbShr0rN0WuKxqJG1Fbp/w400-h373/P1150762.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At the other end of the field Zápolya's mercenary cavalry, comprising mostly of Serbian and Transylvanian light horse, are yet to engage.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP-Oeqo-H9G1prUYha0-d8mSQT0iA2m_pLkeUU9Xyj2PhyzjJxBfdzBpKV7gsRQrnq8UETLTENnK1F3nr7uz44JW7QiYCHkC4ux0jJHJbUyizH9RcIgCizAlzgZl6jNvAwjYvuc1GuU-YZUovrrf_DxlnLKN2L5R1rDakqRP-VTjHQpL2CMgsulVPi2JvS/s3684/P1150768.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2484" data-original-width="3684" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP-Oeqo-H9G1prUYha0-d8mSQT0iA2m_pLkeUU9Xyj2PhyzjJxBfdzBpKV7gsRQrnq8UETLTENnK1F3nr7uz44JW7QiYCHkC4ux0jJHJbUyizH9RcIgCizAlzgZl6jNvAwjYvuc1GuU-YZUovrrf_DxlnLKN2L5R1rDakqRP-VTjHQpL2CMgsulVPi2JvS/w400-h270/P1150768.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's infantry and guns open fire on the advancing landsknecht causing terrible casualties.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-oTUjdn3WFEKF2HhWXEAGWy-7MaSV8U7D0or_O8ozvpUmuuuvGhrlKRV3ZXnmnspVIuRBGQyuGwPmGxhIuJ-Os9EKkazPhV3dC1kNsEQBcQVrW-jfm8vIAxWX8Cl71yxVybLYjPxxsUxv7soit9yXs7mINO3anCRbx13dc20pPuqLUpf8G4zJ0CcEs3nq/s4380/P1150774.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2628" data-original-width="4380" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-oTUjdn3WFEKF2HhWXEAGWy-7MaSV8U7D0or_O8ozvpUmuuuvGhrlKRV3ZXnmnspVIuRBGQyuGwPmGxhIuJ-Os9EKkazPhV3dC1kNsEQBcQVrW-jfm8vIAxWX8Cl71yxVybLYjPxxsUxv7soit9yXs7mINO3anCRbx13dc20pPuqLUpf8G4zJ0CcEs3nq/w400-h240/P1150774.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Other than his own bodyguard John Zápolya has one unit of heavy horse. They charge into the advancing Habsburg infantry and a bloody hand to hand clash takes place...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUaQx6ZYAMAulWEIJq0civ-83CDZawUPWHD3ivk1gNyiuR-W5iTBHlKJVQbWxjh9NGv7N1BUBtr0gqikJTfKkcp48Gy0Gx9tXnNDix3I2GpoO42IzYLNV6ha_W31cU_vncZ396q0_ZGVY0xtj1eTWFf6Zntkvx3xVfl7fzQhyphenhyphenqx_ICp9S3OfNgzrji2p5P/s3812/P1150783.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3280" data-original-width="3812" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUaQx6ZYAMAulWEIJq0civ-83CDZawUPWHD3ivk1gNyiuR-W5iTBHlKJVQbWxjh9NGv7N1BUBtr0gqikJTfKkcp48Gy0Gx9tXnNDix3I2GpoO42IzYLNV6ha_W31cU_vncZ396q0_ZGVY0xtj1eTWFf6Zntkvx3xVfl7fzQhyphenhyphenqx_ICp9S3OfNgzrji2p5P/w400-h344/P1150783.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...neither side shows any quarter and the horsemen are driven off.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />In the centre of the field Johann von Katzianer's infantry advanced with caution against <span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's centre which was held by further detachments of mercenary infantry with </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya himself deployed behind them and surrounded by his mounted bodyguard of household men at arms</span><span style="text-align: center;">. On </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's left flank his mercenary cavalry, a motely assortment of Transylvanian and Serbian light horsemen, did not commit to the fight. Instead they watched the landsknecht pike and guns that </span>Katzianer had deployed facing them. It was a stark comparison to the other end of the field with neither force being willing to make the first move.</div><div><br />Katzianer's infantry in the centre were met with devastating volleys of arquebus shot from <span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's mercenaries </span>and grapeshot from his<span style="text-align: center;"> artillery. The landsknecht pike, advancing shoulder to shoulder, were killed in droves. This led </span><span style="text-align: center;">a</span><span style="text-align: center;"> unit of heavy cavalry, that had joined </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's army as he advanced into the kingdom, to break ranks and charge into the landsknecht. Having seen the landsknecht come under such heavy fire the charging men at arms thought they would be able to break them. The landsknecht held firm and drove </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's men at arms back whilst a unit of Hungarian infantry fighting for the Habsburgs fired at close range into the disordered heavy cavalry sending them back in flight.</span></div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDuvyu4Rh9hICLyKgK2tuCb7ZZXZurizB9kjnb1S-wlzA-CzVqZj4HErrCakVH8ZMu2ytnDMOVNbLNEUxJCv59fuvoTPE-OZRw29S29G8xYxxajU48e65dTjb5UWXqzECXkXophODDzywLNN9wyEU4HMfuksYu1aY12v0_QXEKHRhhJH-d2VspWx7vQXYR/s3184/P1150795.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3184" data-original-width="1760" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDuvyu4Rh9hICLyKgK2tuCb7ZZXZurizB9kjnb1S-wlzA-CzVqZj4HErrCakVH8ZMu2ytnDMOVNbLNEUxJCv59fuvoTPE-OZRw29S29G8xYxxajU48e65dTjb5UWXqzECXkXophODDzywLNN9wyEU4HMfuksYu1aY12v0_QXEKHRhhJH-d2VspWx7vQXYR/w221-h400/P1150795.JPG" width="221" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view down the field. The Habsburg cavalry are continuing the attack on Zápolya's infantry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7rpZdeMaKHeU7w10MlPXNvV-sFACEC_ce4_RHi62QcajrKxed_l1dr2QsfilhYfQ6VVPiD57NfGJKkK2EfDiedZTvtijHeaGfg-DUjc50zSGqllnZE5LZUtlqMBV1-XtMcFQwT6YwA7w83tCfmFMewUr34HdaUBJnD3IRSTHOdlQXq4iJ5O7Rh7IXyx9_/s3936/P1150802.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3936" data-original-width="2264" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7rpZdeMaKHeU7w10MlPXNvV-sFACEC_ce4_RHi62QcajrKxed_l1dr2QsfilhYfQ6VVPiD57NfGJKkK2EfDiedZTvtijHeaGfg-DUjc50zSGqllnZE5LZUtlqMBV1-XtMcFQwT6YwA7w83tCfmFMewUr34HdaUBJnD3IRSTHOdlQXq4iJ5O7Rh7IXyx9_/w230-h400/P1150802.JPG" width="230" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's infantry hold formation and the guns continue to fire...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBToo3FPxvTeuM9KWeYsSdXa2KnNTrpqpr3F1zH0KlrRDxhkNqQsV7jv95mMxqsfYQabJuuo3dye5vmer1aASiQBIiv4XvBG3AulNoibfu9Sr7VMaN4t3aWRBcAl6dwJl_TaAFG6JoKmQemY-4zrbOcj_0EZBGiEvdjbFFINx-WgPJ0nFMb8_52okRzRc/s3620/P1150819.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3620" height="383" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBToo3FPxvTeuM9KWeYsSdXa2KnNTrpqpr3F1zH0KlrRDxhkNqQsV7jv95mMxqsfYQabJuuo3dye5vmer1aASiQBIiv4XvBG3AulNoibfu9Sr7VMaN4t3aWRBcAl6dwJl_TaAFG6JoKmQemY-4zrbOcj_0EZBGiEvdjbFFINx-WgPJ0nFMb8_52okRzRc/w400-h383/P1150819.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...inflicting further casualties on the advancing landsknecht.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc8DtqZUkxl7qypB-0SIOFdEJejInfdjBurX7QO2bMbxJ8B162tKwd5ZcOC16HXndExppRzWaIf7tV0UhEUwzdFfJWQQBdoE5unEB51J0lOxla9it4kcfKC9nsQsCl5NpixKgL1hwVkF2svCMRjvAi_fwqnpckzZVTxSojU9xkP2zZQyreV975QImBYtSO/s3184/P1150830.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3184" data-original-width="2756" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc8DtqZUkxl7qypB-0SIOFdEJejInfdjBurX7QO2bMbxJ8B162tKwd5ZcOC16HXndExppRzWaIf7tV0UhEUwzdFfJWQQBdoE5unEB51J0lOxla9it4kcfKC9nsQsCl5NpixKgL1hwVkF2svCMRjvAi_fwqnpckzZVTxSojU9xkP2zZQyreV975QImBYtSO/w346-h400/P1150830.JPG" width="346" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On Zápolya's right flank the Habsburg horse battle against his mercenary infantry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggvC121LiMU3fCWtymvsh2O6oK2rdwWeVbz-Ar7LggOpahUaMkDvdkwlof0YNePBn9KZfUCV8cBi5RsfpvuWWC0wA7QgJeim0S0_yQYsrDXWLILPi-yZKJLvy4D1Qx81HeFeMGgr0JujzM4KuxVA81s-6wb8Qh7jUAoPcsC-777g9Fqoh7UPzatAsA8YAu/s4428/P1150844.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2572" data-original-width="4428" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggvC121LiMU3fCWtymvsh2O6oK2rdwWeVbz-Ar7LggOpahUaMkDvdkwlof0YNePBn9KZfUCV8cBi5RsfpvuWWC0wA7QgJeim0S0_yQYsrDXWLILPi-yZKJLvy4D1Qx81HeFeMGgr0JujzM4KuxVA81s-6wb8Qh7jUAoPcsC-777g9Fqoh7UPzatAsA8YAu/w400-h233/P1150844.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Habsburg infantry are reinforced by another artillery piece but they are suffering terribly as they attempt to break into the Polish infantry of Zápolya's army.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnCECz5ayd93sfxixPiaUPrVc6vopPtLuvojoy0xBwylT6y6hK1NleGgLfMy8F1IunRXIy757V1d4mC3eX5S2Oyq8Zo21NToZQgg7zFJz7dVXV01Yl31KZ7iqH8rDMTDLINJ1ATngab4gcpVoXJOLxvmy2uHJXHC5nlZykHH0q9VA5rMTzgendwHZm-eoW/s3232/P1150849.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2052" data-original-width="3232" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnCECz5ayd93sfxixPiaUPrVc6vopPtLuvojoy0xBwylT6y6hK1NleGgLfMy8F1IunRXIy757V1d4mC3eX5S2Oyq8Zo21NToZQgg7zFJz7dVXV01Yl31KZ7iqH8rDMTDLINJ1ATngab4gcpVoXJOLxvmy2uHJXHC5nlZykHH0q9VA5rMTzgendwHZm-eoW/w400-h254/P1150849.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">During a lull in the fighting Bálint Török reforms the cavalry in preparation for another attack...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJRm3zLvHk2EoXZZTjbQQ6zdDEpLAXLfY1OhyphenhypheniZmo2ufbH5dIZU5gKXHAIWDujKkPTv_mHFTVYX6L941auN5hG1n9ssocMdvrNZmpNVMxJqSOVkXr-4AhiIZBNVpPrb3G4lJXOCJ7HE_8nPZbhxijQb3AQOnmN6sSjQMysaFUs8XF3x0kdvQxa6zY7ouRn/s4528/P1150853.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1832" data-original-width="4528" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJRm3zLvHk2EoXZZTjbQQ6zdDEpLAXLfY1OhyphenhypheniZmo2ufbH5dIZU5gKXHAIWDujKkPTv_mHFTVYX6L941auN5hG1n9ssocMdvrNZmpNVMxJqSOVkXr-4AhiIZBNVpPrb3G4lJXOCJ7HE_8nPZbhxijQb3AQOnmN6sSjQMysaFUs8XF3x0kdvQxa6zY7ouRn/w400-h161/P1150853.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...whilst John Zápolya remains sheltered behind his heavy guns and the pavises of the Polish mercenaries. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwtEtPFFlqRRXr6RNIlMTIymO5m1SxMZyHzcRnJg_92d2e-ujitVGL99ZaRAiw7Lws3XEjizvM1FMR0xwyxvOJg9L716EMW2xcwSbSmFAOvXD6rDEhM7tvfDR_QL8_XygQDBBIwUCzHrFYkz4bElD-pD8Ee676FepY4k-Euik2HZB9xfS38n84AhsVEIPr/s3524/P1150862.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3296" data-original-width="3524" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwtEtPFFlqRRXr6RNIlMTIymO5m1SxMZyHzcRnJg_92d2e-ujitVGL99ZaRAiw7Lws3XEjizvM1FMR0xwyxvOJg9L716EMW2xcwSbSmFAOvXD6rDEhM7tvfDR_QL8_XygQDBBIwUCzHrFYkz4bElD-pD8Ee676FepY4k-Euik2HZB9xfS38n84AhsVEIPr/w400-h374/P1150862.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Whilst there has been much bloodshed on Zápolya's right flank, on his left most of the cavalry are still yet to engage. Only the heavy cavalry and some hussars have been routed following a charge into the advancing landsknecht. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOXK33s5T4A29WnG6XZsFmPoacNZnZKcxextMwc6Vg0uoW6kUzWF8rgBwyv6XzFc_GGNPJkZhIoOfaKpYLPhaRMd3A2LQVVXxQtpJxibVjMYPxzfeDKpy0MH9xnep31cisgQpvfCBrHi4ZYlcf_THTSj4WmiZJmLddGIBaUt84Zypa61ICcgCtQ8smxzMy/s4240/P1150871.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2968" data-original-width="4240" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOXK33s5T4A29WnG6XZsFmPoacNZnZKcxextMwc6Vg0uoW6kUzWF8rgBwyv6XzFc_GGNPJkZhIoOfaKpYLPhaRMd3A2LQVVXxQtpJxibVjMYPxzfeDKpy0MH9xnep31cisgQpvfCBrHi4ZYlcf_THTSj4WmiZJmLddGIBaUt84Zypa61ICcgCtQ8smxzMy/w400-h280/P1150871.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bálint Török leads his heavy cavalry into the infantry yet again. He is unhorsed in the melee, a blow to the morale of the Habsburg army.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div>Whilst <span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's left flank and the </span>Habsburg right remained unengaged in the centre of the field it was now the turn of the landsknecht infantry to show ill discipline and many of them fled in the face of constant volleys of shot from <span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's mercenary infantry. </span>The Habsburg attack on the centre had failed.<span style="text-align: center;"> As the landsknecht fled some of </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's light cavalry finally joined the action riding out to chase them down.</span></div><div><br /></div><div> The fighting continued on <span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's right flank as </span><span style="text-align: center;">Bálint Török led the Habsburg cavalry in further charges. The Polish mercenaries were pushed back and </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's guns were over run but </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's lines held. </span><span style="text-align: center;">Bálint Török was brought down in an attack on the Polish mercenaries, a blow to the morale of the already exhausted cavalry. With the infantry routed and much of </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's light horse remaining fresh the Habsburg cavalry sounded a retreat. For the Habsburg horse and </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's Polish and Serbian infantry it had been a long and bloody fight. John </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's army held the field and the remaining Habsburg commander, </span><span style="text-align: center;">Johann von Katzianer, withdrew.</span><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIv2mHIC5UZI6NLQ-di-NGyF2i4TlhdeiPshM84hTELpcFoUYVLWXE8Ed3r7Py9DU2zaeiVunkz3ddBeGVw4TkEcimCQDI_FWoGcxIlGmmT11Vq2O9GbATewtaZmSPI4n2djxB5Juq-5N2fhNlBrLLve-Adwq-YGPZa1rHDwAZ3s09TFeP7Em3GwspiOxq/s4608/P1150879.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIv2mHIC5UZI6NLQ-di-NGyF2i4TlhdeiPshM84hTELpcFoUYVLWXE8Ed3r7Py9DU2zaeiVunkz3ddBeGVw4TkEcimCQDI_FWoGcxIlGmmT11Vq2O9GbATewtaZmSPI4n2djxB5Juq-5N2fhNlBrLLve-Adwq-YGPZa1rHDwAZ3s09TFeP7Em3GwspiOxq/w400-h300/P1150879.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In this renewed attack on Zápolya's infantry all of his guns are captured and many of his Polish mercenaries slain...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_aQnS0EqgZElGLSMyPPq3fQWoy0crVsdhyw7wCpXW2pag9o3ttkChu6W3D8x0N7-3BpUUR804dCQ2w-uXxZRKKdqIWwi5yNWdDQGPKq8wUvT7i2AcQEmDAg0kNgkXdQsMuchyphenhyphen8irzHHkwq9Iza8ELEz1tbS9orYKOJwPVFE1z7_mAM9wpumG_q6HKd40K/s4608/P1150886.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_aQnS0EqgZElGLSMyPPq3fQWoy0crVsdhyw7wCpXW2pag9o3ttkChu6W3D8x0N7-3BpUUR804dCQ2w-uXxZRKKdqIWwi5yNWdDQGPKq8wUvT7i2AcQEmDAg0kNgkXdQsMuchyphenhyphen8irzHHkwq9Iza8ELEz1tbS9orYKOJwPVFE1z7_mAM9wpumG_q6HKd40K/w400-h300/P1150886.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but the mercenary captains of Zápolya's army keep their men in formation and manage to drive the Habsburg cavalry off again.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFJH7Ftz6wRQWPNyzt7mA83uOukH2SJn97kNrMFfVtghnEzpRx83q3Cj8ZeKwb64mPw4jsBmIQcK6QU8ylRxhZpTlcN9yrFZLlMctZtpVjiMMeYtsO69gyXJNL8OmN6BJqR7fGNV3gxQtIetN7Dlvz-X2g6D7ObpDBHMgf6lBxvmEgKL4E5otlUGk7a0DF/s3116/P1150889.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3116" data-original-width="3096" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFJH7Ftz6wRQWPNyzt7mA83uOukH2SJn97kNrMFfVtghnEzpRx83q3Cj8ZeKwb64mPw4jsBmIQcK6QU8ylRxhZpTlcN9yrFZLlMctZtpVjiMMeYtsO69gyXJNL8OmN6BJqR7fGNV3gxQtIetN7Dlvz-X2g6D7ObpDBHMgf6lBxvmEgKL4E5otlUGk7a0DF/w398-h400/P1150889.JPG" width="398" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Habsburg cavalry attack stalls again. With the landsknecht infantry having sustained heavy losses in their attack on Zápolya's defensive formation and Zápolya's light horse contingent yet to really engage the Habsburgs retreat from the field.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> Another hard fought game. I think deployment was key in this one. To win Tom had to get to John <span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's unit and defeat it but </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya</span><span style="text-align: center;"> was positioned amidst a strong defensive formation of guns and pavise infantry which proved very difficult to break. The guns in </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's army </span><span style="text-align: center;">were effective when defending against the landsknecht at close range whilst those in the Habsburg army were firing at long range and achieved little. This had a big effect on the result.<br /><br />I suppose this also shows that even in a chaotic game like Lion Rampant, or at least our amended version of it, if you follow some of the tried and tested defensive formations of history they can achieve results that would be expected. That being said there were moments when it did look like Tom's attack with the cavalry would prevail and sweep away my infantry. As we could play cards to counter activation fails this meant that the ill discipline rules for </span><span style="text-align: center;">Zápolya's army didn't have an effect whilst, counter to history, it was the landsknecht infantry that suffered from terrible discipline in the game with a few of the units failing their morale and routing very quickly.<br /><br />It was great to get so many different units on the table; landsknecht, gendarmes, hussars, balkan cavalry and eastern European infantry with pavises and heavy armour. This is definitely an area of gaming Tom and I will be revisiting and we are keen to get the Ottomans into another game later this year.</span></div><div><p></p></div></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-8092060395513528602024-01-12T01:17:00.000-08:002024-01-12T01:17:18.357-08:00Voynuks<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTCQr8b8YAjY7trb7zY2rB-2cIg2DKsJQywh1vjyDOPDW72t2Vp87kmVh4V9C_iUfZSddYbcv2ARk5quMwrZuDEdiaL1HYekxPuoI-SOpu0VcYF8gwE9TwW_If1KoTrTXVe_ZkYHByn1dfgjzfeSGUrU2xB88oSdv7gGjwbDY4hNB2F4pVLXqigTnHnFLG/s3284/1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2540" data-original-width="3284" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTCQr8b8YAjY7trb7zY2rB-2cIg2DKsJQywh1vjyDOPDW72t2Vp87kmVh4V9C_iUfZSddYbcv2ARk5quMwrZuDEdiaL1HYekxPuoI-SOpu0VcYF8gwE9TwW_If1KoTrTXVe_ZkYHByn1dfgjzfeSGUrU2xB88oSdv7gGjwbDY4hNB2F4pVLXqigTnHnFLG/w400-h310/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>For today's post we return to the 15th and 16th century Ottoman wars in the Balkans with a unit of voynuks. Voynuks were essentially Christian Ottoman subjects from states such as Serbia, Wallachia, Bulgaria and Macedonia who fought in Ottoman armies. As with many of the military units fielded by the Ottomans in this period there are a range of different descriptions of who these troops were, what their role was and how they were organised. A look at some of these descriptions may help to shed some light on the voynuks of the late 15th and early 16th centuries.<br /><br />Ian Heath in his <i>"Armies of the Middle Ages Volume 2"</i> explains how Serbian armies of the Middle Ages were feudal in nature. Men were granted a<i> pronija</i>, a system of landholding inherited from the Byzantines, or a <i>bashtina, </i>an area of hereditary freehold land, the holder of such land being called a <i>bashtinik</i> or <i>voynici. </i>The holders of <i>pronijas</i> and <i>bashtinas, </i>made up the Serbian nobility, but<i> </i>many of the <i>bashtiniks</i> or <i>voynici</i> were simply well off peasants as oppose to wealthy nobles. As such in times of war the <i>pronijars</i>, holding the <i>pronijas</i>, would serve as heavy cavalry whilst the <i>bashtiniks</i> or <i>voynici</i> would serve as the infantry hence the name the Ottomans gave them of voynuks.</div><div><br /></div><div>In his description of late medieval Ottoman military organisation Heath explains that in Ottoman usage the term voynuk meant an armoured Balkan Christian infantryman who provided military service for tax exemptions. He states troops under this name could be found in Albania, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Herzegovinia, Macedonia, Serbia and Thessaly. Thought to have been established as a force in the Ottoman military in the late 14th century, Heath gives a date of 1376, they fell under the command of a <i>voynuk bey,</i> with unit captains being called <i>ceri-bashis.</i> By the 15th century the voynuks comprised an important part of Ottoman armies.<br /><br />David Nicolle's Osprey books on the<i> Armies of the Ottoman Turks 1300-1774</i> and <i>The Janissaries </i>provide further descriptions of voynuks. In the first book Nicolle states "<i>Voyniks were Balkan Christians. They are first recorded as the infantry followers of Christian sipahis fighting for Murat I. They were expected to be armoured, unlike their yamak (apprentice) squires, and formed gönder (flag-staff) units. Among the most effective were the Vlachs of Thessaly who, after fighting for the Byzantine Despot of the Morea against the Sultan's Christian sipahis, played a leading role in Mehmet II's army which captured Istanbul in 1453. Voyniks remained important well into the 16th century, at which time more then one in ten Christian households had such military obligations. They were reduced to non-combatant, though still highly paid and skillful, pioneer duties in the 17th century".</i><br /><br />Nicolle's later Osprey on the Janissaries states: <i>"The history of the Voynuqs is even more varied. Essentially they were auxiliaries recruited from the Ottoman Empire's Balkan Christian vassals under a system inherited from Pre-Turkish times, though they do seem to have included Muslims from early on. Most were armoured cavalry, but again they included some footsoldiers. Their ranks were largely Slav Bulgarians and Serbs, as well as Vlach- or Rumanian-speakers. Like many Ottoman auxiliaries a Voynuq was supported by other households known as Gönder, a term probably stemming from the Greek word Kontarion or lance. The Voynuqs had their own Çeribaşı officers under overall command of the Voynuq Beyi, and were attended by Yamak servants or subordinates. Although the Voynuqs had no Ocak or corps structure they included a registered reserve which kept them up to strength. By the 15th century some Voynuqs had additional duties such as looking after herds of cavalry horses in Bulgaria. The Dogancis ('hawkers') were similar to these Voynuqs and raised hawks for the Imperial Court. Elsewhere Vlach Christian nomads enjoyed special privileges in return for serving the Ottoman Empire as frontier Voynuqs , guides, guards and raiders. The autonomous Rumanian principality of Moldavia also supplied Voynuqs during the 16th century". <br /></i><br />Unlike Heath, Nicolle states the voynuks were predominantly cavalry, to such an extent that in his book the "<i>Cross and Crescent in the Balkans</i>" the glossary defines <i>Voynuq</i> as "<i>Balkan Christian auxiliary cavalry in Ottoman service</i>". Nicolle's mention of some voynuks looking after the cavalry horses is interesting as Konstantin Mihailovic in his account of life as a janissary, although whether he was really a janissary or not is up for debate, states <i>"There are also some other Christians. They will give nothing to any of them, nor is any wage paid them. They are called woyniczy. They belong to and serve the emperor, and lead the emperor's empty horses when necessary"</i>. So we have a range of different spellings of voynuk and explanations of who they were. It seems that at least some were infantry from Balkan territories under Ottoman rule and that they fought under officers called <i>Çeribaşı/</i><i>ceri-bashis </i>with a voynuk bey being their overall commander.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNjDlf-xwvG6Uzo34fy7FSoC3nDcY_Q-wRzlf8Tnr2yO9HCJ5JzQBDR8wO-dLsu4DnU6-XMQrW_zb60Nd8hR2GWfAE7Qi6TbSnsQhqE1NaPkYV15-AcodWFPECU4hbXDpZYlTkf3afvp53vLs8rMdu_t67SwwVjitY2J6Rp6hQjOO8xTzUIdX_caofmQGD/s1280/Hungarian_combatants,_escort_of_Emperor_Maximilian_I%20Hans%20Burgkmair.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="887" data-original-width="1280" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNjDlf-xwvG6Uzo34fy7FSoC3nDcY_Q-wRzlf8Tnr2yO9HCJ5JzQBDR8wO-dLsu4DnU6-XMQrW_zb60Nd8hR2GWfAE7Qi6TbSnsQhqE1NaPkYV15-AcodWFPECU4hbXDpZYlTkf3afvp53vLs8rMdu_t67SwwVjitY2J6Rp6hQjOO8xTzUIdX_caofmQGD/w400-h278/Hungarian_combatants,_escort_of_Emperor_Maximilian_I%20Hans%20Burgkmair.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hungarian Combatants, escort to Maximilian I, Hans Burgkmair c.1516-1518.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Having, perhaps, established who these troops were the question of how to represent them on the tabletop arises. What did they look like? Both Old Glory and Warlord Games make specific voynuk miniatures in 28mm. The problem is that these miniatures are based on a single conjectural piece of artwork by Angus McBride in the Osprey <i>Armies of the Ottoman Turks 1300-1774 </i>that I have already quoted from above. The image is not included in this post but you can view it here: <a href="https://i.pinimg.com/564x/3b/dd/f0/3bddf0816536bc45fdb28288ca319c7e.jpg">https://i.pinimg.com/564x/3b/dd/f0/3bddf0816536bc45fdb28288ca319c7e.jpg</a>. <div><br /></div><div>Angus McBride presented a convincing image of what a voynuk might be dressed like, combining western European with Turkish and Byzantine fashions. The description of the image explains this, stating "<i>Wallachian Voynik auxiliary, c1500. The military equipment of the Balkans under Ottoman domination soon added Turkish styles to previous Byzantine and western European fashions. This man's helmet is of Asiatic form. His armour is Italian, but old-fashioned, while his weapons and shield are typically eastern European</i>." Whilst the sword, halberd and shield carried by the conjectural voynuk are from various museum collections credited under the above description a Burgkmair woodcut is also referenced. I think this woodcut is the one included above. The Osprey voynuk is clearly in a coat based upon that of the second Hungarian on the left, although McBride did not give the voynuk the long sleeves that hang down the back of the man's coat in the woodcut.<br /><br />Whilst this seems like an entirely plausible representation of a voynuk at the start of the 16th century having a whole unit of them all identically armoured and clothed seems very unlikely! In the old Warhammer Ancient Battles "<i>Vlad the Impaler</i>" supplement it suggested that the best way to represent voynuks was to mix the Old Glory voynuk miniatures with western halberdiers. This inspired me to have a go and do just that but using the Warlord Games voynuk miniatures. <br /><br />For this unit I have chosen miniatures from Front Rank's Wars of the Roses range, that can be suitably tweaked and given a Balkan flavour. Some of the armour these figures wear would be dated by the 1510s and 1520s but that works well, especially as the voynuk shown in the Osprey Ottoman Armies art was in old-fashioned Italian armour. The Front Rank figures have been mixed with the Warlord voynuks. The voynuk miniatures have also been converted as they look far too uniform otherwise. Redoubt Enterprises have a few 16th century eastern European sculpts in their old renaissance range. Some of these miniatures have been added to give a further eastern European feel to the unit. Finally The Assault Group's "Vlad Drakul" miniature has also been included as an officer. He really looks the part at the head of this armoured unit.</div><div><br /></div><div>Changing the weaponry and adding Balkan shields to the figures really helps to give them an eastern European look. Fellow blogger Charlie, <a href="https://fullharness.blogspot.com/">https://fullharness.blogspot.com/</a>, kindly sent me some of his recently commissioned resin miniatures that can be seen here: <a href="https://fullharness.blogspot.com/2023/11/i-commissioned-some-miniatures.html">https://fullharness.blogspot.com/2023/11/i-commissioned-some-miniatures.html</a>. The glaive and partisan style polearms in this commission are fantastic and have been a real game changer when converting these miniatures. They suit the voynuk figures perfectly and add lots of variety to the unit.</div><div><br /></div><div>Some photos of the voynuks can be seen below. The unit is very useful addition to the collection as the voynuks can be fielded in Ottoman armies or in Hungarian or Balkan forces opposing them. Included below is a photo of each of the eight bases that make up the unit so the detail can be seen. I am keen to add more to my Hungarian and Ottoman collections as these states fielded such a variety of colourful troop types in the 1500s and they are a lot of fun to collect, paint and attempt to research.</div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkmxlyR0_noYhsSGY9rhyKdE0DJjvBing6V4vKJpp7KL6y2MQ_Fpi910qL8Bnneewlb7XCJt-XEfasXSNxGnkU3P7YrKo-ExHNmJ73cdIZFdfFGTf3DQxwpEVxvmS0HZ1sZ_mR4_tCBPzNg_RYuRvZjF8Pt_ZtnxfVV8klLcyo3ikuBB-Tx48iXZsII9Oj/s3668/P1150485.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3668" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkmxlyR0_noYhsSGY9rhyKdE0DJjvBing6V4vKJpp7KL6y2MQ_Fpi910qL8Bnneewlb7XCJt-XEfasXSNxGnkU3P7YrKo-ExHNmJ73cdIZFdfFGTf3DQxwpEVxvmS0HZ1sZ_mR4_tCBPzNg_RYuRvZjF8Pt_ZtnxfVV8klLcyo3ikuBB-Tx48iXZsII9Oj/w400-h217/P1150485.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm voynuks.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNPqlr9T8EOIpREvjGugBolONQCfn3b1ay-XUxI_mRD7S3wTG1uWN_zZT3918qnbmSfiySdkmJBGHSv6fxNylWK79tnBTuqhtwjPUEHqv6Zbqxjm7OpBP7QtVkpiCNwM9B1XEpvorxSZishO5xnOs_F7WzkQnPt9lrSCMULguYCF7uSsBQ66oFlGCIuvOC/s2996/P1150495.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2700" data-original-width="2996" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNPqlr9T8EOIpREvjGugBolONQCfn3b1ay-XUxI_mRD7S3wTG1uWN_zZT3918qnbmSfiySdkmJBGHSv6fxNylWK79tnBTuqhtwjPUEHqv6Zbqxjm7OpBP7QtVkpiCNwM9B1XEpvorxSZishO5xnOs_F7WzkQnPt9lrSCMULguYCF7uSsBQ66oFlGCIuvOC/w400-h360/P1150495.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Late 15th/early 16th century voynuks.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTrabQ8Hm0woeH6U_ZflQfoD6QEe65c32jnEDPoRsFeFGxdpFJEt1lp62zUh3K1XpNkPXwE7-jOjWuI6zxiT2RWPkzVCMKvpSeKxNzN31aDBQ8Xda0zAPR2ZU7Eq37yKj-5j_gMfuTqj4k-g2aU_9w5a6BTjvUv8X01CGkFyWy-5cfLsPWwoEacrCgmJY2/s3344/P1150496.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2440" data-original-width="3344" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTrabQ8Hm0woeH6U_ZflQfoD6QEe65c32jnEDPoRsFeFGxdpFJEt1lp62zUh3K1XpNkPXwE7-jOjWuI6zxiT2RWPkzVCMKvpSeKxNzN31aDBQ8Xda0zAPR2ZU7Eq37yKj-5j_gMfuTqj4k-g2aU_9w5a6BTjvUv8X01CGkFyWy-5cfLsPWwoEacrCgmJY2/w400-h291/P1150496.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm voynuks - a mix of Warlord Games, Redoubt Enterprises, Front Rank and Assault Group figures, many of which have been converted.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLdnmSwt80We2sirWxSKlgDSiTigJkZHtSE_x5hFDlxe_yCr1i07S9SlUf_6EdsVBWgK_on9Tnzon6csFbcypJazEeumgtbN0zXyUDX1gwb224eCzfmxEtOCBLsbRxgi6doAGOGltMtMS7Eg13FitHTuKO95LTbxxDtV_Ul7ieGjCV7Qshnyh2Hmeg50cE/s2188/P1150535.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2188" data-original-width="1756" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLdnmSwt80We2sirWxSKlgDSiTigJkZHtSE_x5hFDlxe_yCr1i07S9SlUf_6EdsVBWgK_on9Tnzon6csFbcypJazEeumgtbN0zXyUDX1gwb224eCzfmxEtOCBLsbRxgi6doAGOGltMtMS7Eg13FitHTuKO95LTbxxDtV_Ul7ieGjCV7Qshnyh2Hmeg50cE/w321-h400/P1150535.JPG" width="321" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These figures show a mix of eastern and western style armour.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3upKAVW6EWwxmapKY-KV_QoGV9mUaak2DQBl-4rxQph_qn2ULpFcmfaR7GPrvGqlmjJlpmV0pc01T5Cyqfx8A_FKhWlFOPed6hFMS52JcUH30TI8n2IcCEvaYTUzYBy125KLZIaUTPNK-MKQaeDk0Jgw0kqVe432L-V970Si2OtEPDpFnIsRNhV7GKYKO/s1744/P1150573.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1744" data-original-width="1580" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3upKAVW6EWwxmapKY-KV_QoGV9mUaak2DQBl-4rxQph_qn2ULpFcmfaR7GPrvGqlmjJlpmV0pc01T5Cyqfx8A_FKhWlFOPed6hFMS52JcUH30TI8n2IcCEvaYTUzYBy125KLZIaUTPNK-MKQaeDk0Jgw0kqVe432L-V970Si2OtEPDpFnIsRNhV7GKYKO/w363-h400/P1150573.JPG" width="363" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some of the figures are in Ottoman style helmets whilst others wear sallets.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMOIV3dLue_z1c43wv2dWcQ1VFA5QLCixp_HnI7hngeK0rX1Qgq5c1QORB5_Lbmp8Fh8PST-9HQqupgLIi9WRmBr84ifu0nEPhzV8iuFz6dkMa6I4DhG07cN0P-btjPIoLI5rkM347cKOlw5r2C2v-Ri9qZkw81nXeh9dniaEADQqZbT7B4eX7vW2tuCtQ/s1996/P1150562.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1996" data-original-width="1548" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMOIV3dLue_z1c43wv2dWcQ1VFA5QLCixp_HnI7hngeK0rX1Qgq5c1QORB5_Lbmp8Fh8PST-9HQqupgLIi9WRmBr84ifu0nEPhzV8iuFz6dkMa6I4DhG07cN0P-btjPIoLI5rkM347cKOlw5r2C2v-Ri9qZkw81nXeh9dniaEADQqZbT7B4eX7vW2tuCtQ/w310-h400/P1150562.JPG" width="310" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the command bases with a voynuk captain or <i style="text-align: left;">Çeribaşı</i> in Italian harness and a trumpeter. The image of Christ on the cross on the captain's shield clearly identifies him as a Christian subject of the Ottomans.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZQVKLtd-FaFqs-7eqEIW_QDZqRoo5JsX0I3eKg0VL9yxZ2n8aXSag6hWEonMZakmEbi1PuQK1HNf7TORmkFyzAeB1vXwSSdCZWJcgYlkmG0YRUrlFWVvfwcEPfZXhLoi6b-Ox-_V6liGLoBVBsCVEEz_Dpq0rd_NEU0Z2exFhmGVy5n6MM2rI3tlbc9di/s2196/P1150569.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2196" data-original-width="1752" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZQVKLtd-FaFqs-7eqEIW_QDZqRoo5JsX0I3eKg0VL9yxZ2n8aXSag6hWEonMZakmEbi1PuQK1HNf7TORmkFyzAeB1vXwSSdCZWJcgYlkmG0YRUrlFWVvfwcEPfZXhLoi6b-Ox-_V6liGLoBVBsCVEEz_Dpq0rd_NEU0Z2exFhmGVy5n6MM2rI3tlbc9di/w319-h400/P1150569.JPG" width="319" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The other command base with the <i style="text-align: left;">Çeribaşı </i><span style="text-align: left;">or </span><i style="text-align: left;">ceri-bashis</i> and his right hand man in late 15th century gothic harness.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijD_zeCY6QOe4Y2jq8S6YaDYfB_zTLcP9h5KBVTzD8jTAgzFMak9afKT0KKKH8jdzzSQonFlyMUpPYIw0u_iRC-NOdgDZW8pO-BLopp9OoTEYjDa4BjNo-lDnjFkxs28ToKzmk7-L0rnJdgdxV1e20QLIyVYxQ2WjKN8zMfRX2YGBnIXLLr5g0rUA_8I2I/s2148/P1150590.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1948" data-original-width="2148" height="363" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijD_zeCY6QOe4Y2jq8S6YaDYfB_zTLcP9h5KBVTzD8jTAgzFMak9afKT0KKKH8jdzzSQonFlyMUpPYIw0u_iRC-NOdgDZW8pO-BLopp9OoTEYjDa4BjNo-lDnjFkxs28ToKzmk7-L0rnJdgdxV1e20QLIyVYxQ2WjKN8zMfRX2YGBnIXLLr5g0rUA_8I2I/w400-h363/P1150590.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The figure carrying the red shield on this base is a Front Rank man at arms. The figure has had the poleaxe replaced with a glaive and a shield, shield strap and plume of feathers added.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinrsgynoMBmLxL6WD0ogbGnj-5VC2WvQni9npJO9IQvcVvl-Ojisp0pdiBd2_4gk62BzeEyfBjvY7dFxqddFbWpt9LVZ-pOjKj6n3aobd396rsbb-yyO_u77LOE6MPuEk0SylTqkcy-Jk5HtxLOWHU_DXT6OQwEQwyhj5qCK4pCxLvpX3fHO9kPUIkQdJN/s1832/P1150582.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1716" data-original-width="1832" height="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinrsgynoMBmLxL6WD0ogbGnj-5VC2WvQni9npJO9IQvcVvl-Ojisp0pdiBd2_4gk62BzeEyfBjvY7dFxqddFbWpt9LVZ-pOjKj6n3aobd396rsbb-yyO_u77LOE6MPuEk0SylTqkcy-Jk5HtxLOWHU_DXT6OQwEQwyhj5qCK4pCxLvpX3fHO9kPUIkQdJN/w400-h375/P1150582.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The charging figure on the left and the figure in green on the right both carry some of the excellent resin polearms from Charlie.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ9jzx9dWfStISEgnh-kCseflrWXgEwR5VTDBE02te8XGrpmtPnxicq7rDzCL3ewBsJKBcJPz5ZIYibCW1Hfq6D_Eg7qj3gLcezQzO0uFrnc9qEOTd8RXzqMq4jxG6L_n8TuDO00Csd5iH-w8aupgSSFWL5w23Ekp_euj_giceJWTn5UYgbLpp4iW02ebc/s1888/P1150552.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1888" data-original-width="1804" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ9jzx9dWfStISEgnh-kCseflrWXgEwR5VTDBE02te8XGrpmtPnxicq7rDzCL3ewBsJKBcJPz5ZIYibCW1Hfq6D_Eg7qj3gLcezQzO0uFrnc9qEOTd8RXzqMq4jxG6L_n8TuDO00Csd5iH-w8aupgSSFWL5w23Ekp_euj_giceJWTn5UYgbLpp4iW02ebc/w383-h400/P1150552.JPG" width="383" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This base shows a mix of figures from Redoubt Enterprise and Warlord Games.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhplp5zCMCcGuEFtcMQEebezg1LaDK0YZFQrz9nR7ixHMSThVLRIejZtn6OWniGCZTb39JS0hcQwzDhx1kKveTDA0cSU5_FA5nRdz_gMM4TCJ2HBqDkDzFhgi1ZtT6-ylpiXIeO5Z4yMsUVKOLDmAALRnFmd44HsIJ79L0ZK_uu9AANtj8iff9sqHSSHUkp/s1768/P1150547.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1720" data-original-width="1768" height="389" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhplp5zCMCcGuEFtcMQEebezg1LaDK0YZFQrz9nR7ixHMSThVLRIejZtn6OWniGCZTb39JS0hcQwzDhx1kKveTDA0cSU5_FA5nRdz_gMM4TCJ2HBqDkDzFhgi1ZtT6-ylpiXIeO5Z4yMsUVKOLDmAALRnFmd44HsIJ79L0ZK_uu9AANtj8iff9sqHSSHUkp/w400-h389/P1150547.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The final base with a drummer in the second rank.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiva8wrYrAKzpqr5f9grZ0ETnia_E0PNuYsNVAZMJQVteBbQ5u-l4BE-iLlLj4QM3xyBKq6w9GthMeDboRDE-QGuo-G2p9ZCAiDUJv2XDHKHmquxDo6-LiBmyruPaIfLlOq77SgqiP96OTb94aIw8jQC5G54dhqADm-xC-7HJMlE-W3W4hmfazue_aRzPeN/s2752/P1150593.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2752" data-original-width="2584" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiva8wrYrAKzpqr5f9grZ0ETnia_E0PNuYsNVAZMJQVteBbQ5u-l4BE-iLlLj4QM3xyBKq6w9GthMeDboRDE-QGuo-G2p9ZCAiDUJv2XDHKHmquxDo6-LiBmyruPaIfLlOq77SgqiP96OTb94aIw8jQC5G54dhqADm-xC-7HJMlE-W3W4hmfazue_aRzPeN/w375-h400/P1150593.JPG" width="375" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of 28mm voynuks, suitable for Ottoman armies or their eastern European opponents.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYltmy9WGuKeGnFeImzZZDcBZXj_FzV9TvVQvvnccka2ZfuEPWtjmzzTgg9ZPfFagt1w9xZjZ15nI_VdH2Mmfzhyphenhyphenn-WFDMk-3l_Af8L2TwWgGrR2iKpwX1Cu8DoyFGrsque_uMDr4hsxdh2nsiupgQ61sukyK4RTW18mSYMeQpcj-6d_7xD-vykMf0V6By/s2940/P1150608.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2940" data-original-width="2872" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYltmy9WGuKeGnFeImzZZDcBZXj_FzV9TvVQvvnccka2ZfuEPWtjmzzTgg9ZPfFagt1w9xZjZ15nI_VdH2Mmfzhyphenhyphenn-WFDMk-3l_Af8L2TwWgGrR2iKpwX1Cu8DoyFGrsque_uMDr4hsxdh2nsiupgQ61sukyK4RTW18mSYMeQpcj-6d_7xD-vykMf0V6By/w391-h400/P1150608.JPG" width="391" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the voynuks with some Balkan light cavalry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-34607971281202727822024-01-01T01:10:00.000-08:002024-01-01T01:10:04.350-08:00Hemmingstedt, 1500<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-fv6VvUsj-Bli5YtfEUQZj9roG13aojXXi-Y0iJfi6Oyr11ewVQZFpa3HqsmAXUkC9X43-wssts2oIbWSszt8jAtmd5Bsi7GgVv4LCg4f3Vxo4SPybjVif2txKzNi9DblYlvSA_aROgBeOLg1ftgB0hX-zxDstMXQJkB2rlk4Db2exgfnQC4xH_Nif5h/s1920/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-fv6VvUsj-Bli5YtfEUQZj9roG13aojXXi-Y0iJfi6Oyr11ewVQZFpa3HqsmAXUkC9X43-wssts2oIbWSszt8jAtmd5Bsi7GgVv4LCg4f3Vxo4SPybjVif2txKzNi9DblYlvSA_aROgBeOLg1ftgB0hX-zxDstMXQJkB2rlk4Db2exgfnQC4xH_Nif5h/w300-h400/1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Over the festive break Stuart and I had the chance to get a couple of games in before the end of 2023. The first gave me another excuse to field my newly completed peasants in a refight of Hemmingstedt, at the very start of the 1500s, whilst the second gave Stuart the opportunity to field some of his newly painted landsknecht in a refight of Claude de Guise's daring crossing of the Bidasoa in 1521.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Hemmingstedt, 17 February 1500</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div><div>There is an interesting You Tube video by History Marche on this battle, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jF72Gyf4eeA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jF72Gyf4eeA</a>, but a summary of what is thought to have taken place in this unusual clash follows:<br /><br /><div>At the turn of the 15th century the region of Dithmarschen, a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, was a peasant republic formed of a confederation of merchants, fisherman and farmers. Situated on the North sea it was a fertile marshy land with much of its pasture and fields protected from the sea by dikes. At the far northern reaches of the Holy Roman Empire it neighboured the Kingdom of Denmark. Since the 12th century attempts had been made to subdue the semi-autonomous district but the Ditmarsians had always been able to prevent themselves from being fully subjugated by the neighbouring feudal overlords of both Denmark and the Empire.</div><div><br /></div><div>1499 saw the Danish monarch, John II, who also jointly ruled the duchy of Schleswig-Holstein with his brother, attempt to enforce his authority over the Ditmarsians. The peasant republic refused his demands to pay him subsidies or to allow him to fortify and garrison their lands leading the Danish king to recruit an army to invade the region. In preparation for the campaign King John raised a force of 2,000 Imperial and Danish Knights, 4,000 landsknecht of the "Black Guard" under the leadership of a captain named Thomas Slentz, 5,000 infantry from his domains and an artillery train.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Danish army entered the region of Dithmarschen on 11 February 1500, sacking and burning the principal town of the region, Meldorf, on 14 February. From Meldorf King John headed for the town of Heide on 16 February. The Ditmarsians had not been idle in their defence and a force of between 1,000 to 6,000 peasant militia had been raised under the leadership of Wulf Isebrand. Although some of the merchant and landowning classes may have been well armed the Ditmarsian forces were hopelessly outnumbered by the far better equipped Danish army. Learning that the invaders were approaching Heide from Meldorf the Ditmarsians fortified the one road between the two towns by builing a large earthwork fortification across it. This earthwork was further augmented by the few artillery pieces the Ditmarsians were able to field. Due to the marshy nature of the landscape the road was on a slightly raised causeway above the fields. Wulf Isebrand ordered the sluice gates that kept the sea from flooding these fields to be opened turning them into a waterlogged marsh. As the Danish army approached on 17 February the weather took a turn for the worse with a combination of snow, rain and hail falling. This made the flooded fields even more impassable.</div><div><br /></div><div>It seems the battle was proceeded by the Black Guard's captain, Thomas Slentz, challenging the strongest man in the Ditmarsian force to a duel. When this failed to happen the engagement began with an assault on the earthworks by Slentz's Black Guard landsknecht. The terrible weather conditions rendered the Danish artillery ineffective whilst the freezing flooded fields on either side of the raised road meant that the Imperial and Danish Knights were unable to make any effective flank attacks. Countercharges by the Ditmarsians forced the Black Guard to give ground but the chaos caused by the rest of the Danish army pushing closely up the road behind them meant the landsknecht were unable to retreat and suffered terribly. Around 800 of the landsknecht were killed, including their leader Thomas Slentz. Legend has it Slentz was slain by Reimer von Wiemerstedt, although Reimer seems to be a fictional character and does not appear in any historical records.</div><div><br /></div><div>The collapse of the Black Guard led to a general rout of the entire Danish army. The Ditmarsians pursued the fleeing Germans and Danes of whom many attempted to escape across the freezing waterlogged fields. This led to high casualties as men drowned in the flooded fields or were hacked down by the lighter equipped peasant militia pursuing them. King John's army may have lost as many as 7,000 men to comparatively few casualties amongst the Dithmarschen army. The capture of the Danish national standard, the Dannebrog, added further insult to injury. Dithmarschen remained autonomous until 1559 when Count Johan Rantzau conquered the region in the service of King Frederick II of Denmark.</div></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgdsPyXEKaVXyxGJ6t7v-b7Bkh-CWykEkZ1YIWeIEwMHBOYUfYyNdZbH0R6J98t7rn9D2su-4NJ74uxmZ-dXogxUJkS8Aliu2UTU6c0O78Btpqn6eVJElVJKyt4LjMNNMuURsLriwBj44L0XtWZCmSfgkm6LAFjHj5T2SL2667wHDWpucygdpUK3oo3HJP/s1920/4.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgdsPyXEKaVXyxGJ6t7v-b7Bkh-CWykEkZ1YIWeIEwMHBOYUfYyNdZbH0R6J98t7rn9D2su-4NJ74uxmZ-dXogxUJkS8Aliu2UTU6c0O78Btpqn6eVJElVJKyt4LjMNNMuURsLriwBj44L0XtWZCmSfgkm6LAFjHj5T2SL2667wHDWpucygdpUK3oo3HJP/w400-h300/4.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Armed with crossbows and handguns the <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen army</span> prepares to defend the earthwork fortification built across the road to Heide.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSLqqFFpJIUXVuAIsZ0muJYwQPdsNCyADQqdEkDPKV3ee5NQPWb7iTF66F923Qasc9HTe-TVTm5iM6o5qQxtx4MyhMjTkWC9S3UTqoCva6Kww4ZXeRG0XypHmjwyCt9Wsl8hbHPSGNNhRpjPp_r9EkgZo8wg3QGoBjzuoJkf_rtLBYIXRKmp3_y3q09Cg_/s1920/5.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSLqqFFpJIUXVuAIsZ0muJYwQPdsNCyADQqdEkDPKV3ee5NQPWb7iTF66F923Qasc9HTe-TVTm5iM6o5qQxtx4MyhMjTkWC9S3UTqoCva6Kww4ZXeRG0XypHmjwyCt9Wsl8hbHPSGNNhRpjPp_r9EkgZo8wg3QGoBjzuoJkf_rtLBYIXRKmp3_y3q09Cg_/w400-h300/5.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Ditmarsians await the attack of the Danish army.</td></tr></tbody></table><u><br />Scenario</u><div><u><br /></u></div><div>We decided just playing this as an attacker/defender style scenario would not be that interesting as the Ditmarsian player would be able to hang back and destroy the Danish army as it attacked. To make it more interesting we revisited an idea we have used in a couple of our games already where one of the armies behaves in accordance with a set of preordered instructions (see <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/11/wenzenbach-1504.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/11/wenzenbach-1504.html</a> and <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/07/this-is-like-no-house-of-praier.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/07/this-is-like-no-house-of-praier.html</a>). We each took control of part of the defending Dithmarschen army. The Danish army would simply continue to move forward and attack each turn whilst Stuart and I would have objectives that we would compete to achieve and involved us being more proactive in the defence.<br /><br />As always the game was played using our adapted version of Lion Rampant.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><u>The Danish Army</u></div><div><br /></div><div>For the game the Danish force was divided into two retinues, one under the Danish King, John II, and the other under the landsknecht captain, Thomas Slentz. These two retinues acted independently and any failed activation by the retinue resulted in the turn for that retinue ending. </div><div><br /></div><div>For each of the Danish retinues turns the nearest unit to the Ditmarsians would attempt to activate first, followed by the second nearest and so on. If a unit was not within shooting or attacking range it would move towards the nearest Dithmarschen unit. If it could attack in combat it would attempt this. If the unit could shoot with ranged weapons it would attempt to do this instead of moving or attacking. The Danish units would leave the causeway and move into difficult terrain in an attempt to reach the Ditmarsians if the route forward was blocked or if the Ditmarsians nearest to them were in the flooded fields.</div><div><br /></div><div>If Thomas Slentz was within range of a Dithmarschen retinue leader at the start of his retinue's turn he would automatically challenge that retinue leader to a duel. If both Dithmarschen retinue leaders were in range he would challenge the nearest to a duel. King John II, commander of the other Danish retinue, would not attempt this but would accept challenges as would Thomas Slentz.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The flooded fields</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The flooded fields were either side of the causeway, see the overhead photo below, and counted as difficult terrain for combat for both forces and difficult terrain for movement of the Danish army only.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The earthworks</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The earthwork defences of the Ditmarsians gave +1 armour to the Ditmarsians sheltering behind them against shooting and if they were attacked from the front across them. They did not count as rough terrain for movement or combat.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The foul weather</u></div><div><br /></div><div>When a Danish arquebus or artillery unit successfully activated to fire at a Dithmarschen unit we rolled a D6 before making the shooting roll. On a 1 or 2 the unit was unable to fire due to the powder having got wet whilst the Danish army was marching in the bad weather. This did not mean the unit could not attempt to fire again next turn.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Victory</u></div><div><br /></div><div>As both of us were playing on the same side in this game victory was based on who could get the most victory points. We set three clear objectives. As soon as the last of these three objectives was achieved the game would end. If this did not happen and the Ditmarsians were routed before they could achieve the objectives then the Danish army would've won.</div><div><br /></div><div>The player who made the activation that caused the objective to be achieved would get the point. </div><div><br />The victory points were awarded as follows:</div><div>1 victory point if Thomas Slentz, captain of the Black Guard, was killed or routed. </div><div>1 victory point if John II, King of Denmark, was killed or routed.</div><div>1 victory point if the unit of Gendarmes carrying the Dannebrog was killed or routed.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7InvMjipoPM_TbgCd7UaWOrYJjZyW9qE18EfiqU0Ra47r68ijCDymKaRLDxIP1XFIUq5B5lnH04PL14vlR3LTX0nVQH8T4ehiuK1_DXmcQrHFa8ji2izREJGN0AeFF0ui_CFaJAQzqA15fieSN-FYerE7P_H3g26eZsCRNfBPVJmJsDeEV32mPaGfn3B9/s1920/6.5.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7InvMjipoPM_TbgCd7UaWOrYJjZyW9qE18EfiqU0Ra47r68ijCDymKaRLDxIP1XFIUq5B5lnH04PL14vlR3LTX0nVQH8T4ehiuK1_DXmcQrHFa8ji2izREJGN0AeFF0ui_CFaJAQzqA15fieSN-FYerE7P_H3g26eZsCRNfBPVJmJsDeEV32mPaGfn3B9/w300-h400/6.5.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Ditmarsian defenders man the earthworks and watch as the Danish army marches along the road from Meldorf to Heide... </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3gzKIH4rDv6uwSKbe9YWKkhVA_kiWmIDNWnVu7mf8nkB36ITsdDtBcjPqMszxKiVAcYtE79mVHg3AM8y00yChC2OPXkLcBZeEIWIb1Gr5DGhndymSV1z37fqnLqBlUQj9m-hnAs0_27BBS0WpxJ4ag9uF3QieEnmsmTnhj7OE4DFcCvj11ySBBVQGBM96/s1920/6.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3gzKIH4rDv6uwSKbe9YWKkhVA_kiWmIDNWnVu7mf8nkB36ITsdDtBcjPqMszxKiVAcYtE79mVHg3AM8y00yChC2OPXkLcBZeEIWIb1Gr5DGhndymSV1z37fqnLqBlUQj9m-hnAs0_27BBS0WpxJ4ag9uF3QieEnmsmTnhj7OE4DFcCvj11ySBBVQGBM96/w300-h400/6.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and approaches the fortifications that they have built.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVWeqHKoEM2XDqkuchpZtp8oc4iYhe3HPCl6FAkyND-ealiBf43dlmc-I4sJ7FbXccBGQvGYCI_8InaDRMBEmeWeOCCYWlzWkZVmp9OFUu312Gd8W3FLpXh1sWhhq9lcXodpDTHNww8YkQGoGi5e8YdSZhkwQ2J8hm0Wn__Hu0xFJFFVovldjACVd0MsCP/s3556/8.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1872" data-original-width="3556" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVWeqHKoEM2XDqkuchpZtp8oc4iYhe3HPCl6FAkyND-ealiBf43dlmc-I4sJ7FbXccBGQvGYCI_8InaDRMBEmeWeOCCYWlzWkZVmp9OFUu312Gd8W3FLpXh1sWhhq9lcXodpDTHNww8YkQGoGi5e8YdSZhkwQ2J8hm0Wn__Hu0xFJFFVovldjACVd0MsCP/w400-h210/8.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table from above. To the left Stuart and myself each commanded one of the <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen</span> retinues behind the earthworks. The retinue of the landsknecht captain, Thomas Slentz, commander of the Black Guard, is in the centre of the photo on the raised causeway, whilst to the right of the photo, marching behind the Black Guard, is the retinue of the Danish King, John II. These two retinues would automatically advance on the <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen</span> position. The flooded fields surround the causeway.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u><br /><br />As explained above for this game Stuart and I would both take control of an identical retinue of Dithmarschen troops. My retinue was under the command of the historical rebel captain, Wulf Isebrand, whilst Stuart's retinue was under the leadership of the legendary, and probably fictional, hero of the battle, Reimer von Wiemerstedt. The deployment of the armies is shown in the photo above.<br /><br />We made the Dithmarschen army fairly tough to give it a chance against the advancing Danish army. So whilst the two captains, Wulf Isebrand and Reimer von Wiemerstedt, were not knights at all we represented them as "Foot Knights" in the game. Similarly the simple "Peasant" units in the Dithmarschen army actually counted as "Shire Billmen" from our Tudor rules for this game. This helped to visually give the impression of a weaker and heavily outnumbered force on the table but meant it could stand up to the Danish army in the battle.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Dithmarschen Army<br /><br /></u></div><div><u>Wulf Isebrand's retinue</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Wulf Isebrand retinue leader)</div><div>2 Units of Crossbowmen </div><div>1 Unit of Arquebusiers </div><div>3 Peasant Units </div><div>1 Culverin </div><div><br /></div><div><u>Reimer von Wiemerstedt's (the character of legend's) retinue</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Reimer von Wiemerstedt's retinue leader) </div><div>2 Units of Crossbowmen </div><div>1 Unit of Arquebusiers </div><div>3 Peasant Units </div><div>1 Culverin </div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Danish Army of John II</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>John II, King of Denmark's retinue</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (John II, King of Denmark, retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Unit carrying the Dannebrog)</div><div>3 Units of Men at Arms </div><div>2 Culverins </div><div>2 Units of Pikemen</div><div>1 Unit of Arquebusiers</div><div>1 Unit of crossbowmen</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Thomas Slentz and the Black Guard landsknecht</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Thomas Slentz retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht arquebusiers </div><div>2 Units of Landsknecht Pike </div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht halberdiers</div><div>2 Units of lancers </div><div><br /></div><div>We revisited the snow table for this game which I tried previously for a refight of Pieve di Cadore, <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/02/pieve-di-cadore-1508.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/02/pieve-di-cadore-1508.html</a>. Although this may have given the table an appropriately festive look it did make it hard to take photos as did the limited hours of daylight. As such a brief write up of the battle does follow as do some photos of the action although you may notice we didn't capture much of the later stages of the battle. It all went horribly wrong anyway as you will see!</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRtykHUqreJpL509gDPqNynxNRa8s3aPIzUicNjzOZRNCunhycLR_xec_QAu8jDJZ7KeQxaWwPYfApwGHeqVFt83CXurKm9sQNlR3LrvVVS04pfMhVc8hiKKoXdUgjvuRr77QXpmpQKk3SCURiBG_LJ4553R-h1BeTwvV-ZQaeK_kU6T3q50oof6WwoHnC/s1920/9.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRtykHUqreJpL509gDPqNynxNRa8s3aPIzUicNjzOZRNCunhycLR_xec_QAu8jDJZ7KeQxaWwPYfApwGHeqVFt83CXurKm9sQNlR3LrvVVS04pfMhVc8hiKKoXdUgjvuRr77QXpmpQKk3SCURiBG_LJ4553R-h1BeTwvV-ZQaeK_kU6T3q50oof6WwoHnC/w400-h300/9.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The "Black Guard" landsknecht, under the command of Thomas Slentz.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiED2Y3j8cusHg9_GsegEBgVdBheRJ2l_efXiEkStiW9kJ7PcLUhXn0MvrJlxRr1YoMu-VZrutrR5quw30Vd5W3VeovNwpdOIJGIOjYDRnMD-X3vzzoQ4AU4DSw7JaaJubRL-NTIMJsjfPuVTYV3ZGquvgaRbG5ZJbZQd3K7jEo6-62HbAsKQ4aWeSsD4j3/s2824/P1150111.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2824" data-original-width="2176" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiED2Y3j8cusHg9_GsegEBgVdBheRJ2l_efXiEkStiW9kJ7PcLUhXn0MvrJlxRr1YoMu-VZrutrR5quw30Vd5W3VeovNwpdOIJGIOjYDRnMD-X3vzzoQ4AU4DSw7JaaJubRL-NTIMJsjfPuVTYV3ZGquvgaRbG5ZJbZQd3K7jEo6-62HbAsKQ4aWeSsD4j3/w309-h400/P1150111.JPG" width="309" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen</span> position, defended by handgunners, crossbowmen and some light artillery pieces. The <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen</span> captain, Wulf Isebrand, is under the banner bearing the Virgin Mary in the centre while Reimer von Wiemerstedt is under the white banner bearing a scene of the crucifixion at the top of the photo.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5sU4r7C5bP35uGZmpACkI5_eMWwu9bHQaRvuNYjn7lLJFYK0pFWr-7CTD3lxGGAJp-SWNbSP0_vlqLx3gj3UPsdedRNo_h0hewrxK5ndeHIOmAIgrzvgPNlE-4LiETkdzGVEGPmNMf-iAic_t4iMYmkBhOSh63rnb7XyNUBZKSNq1drDVYwOpN9FARfcM/s4180/P1150150.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2372" data-original-width="4180" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5sU4r7C5bP35uGZmpACkI5_eMWwu9bHQaRvuNYjn7lLJFYK0pFWr-7CTD3lxGGAJp-SWNbSP0_vlqLx3gj3UPsdedRNo_h0hewrxK5ndeHIOmAIgrzvgPNlE-4LiETkdzGVEGPmNMf-iAic_t4iMYmkBhOSh63rnb7XyNUBZKSNq1drDVYwOpN9FARfcM/w400-h228/P1150150.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the landsknecht assault the earthworks the Ditmarsians fight them back...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB5ZllnD4X98D9FJpOdvqMDm1y47SLPXscRF0FrxSWqDM6Fgu8I6q3bMRWwgNhoDkWQddT1ubfgD4Hajaa2holDw4GAKhAyUVUizAiwpYPNupQU3f8UaarODDcOCEJT_4gaVAec-ClNeynGT1UIM8R-KEO7fw3tEFdQdYtFmqDRPsg-UfQ7QzUHyZDhccS/s1920/P1150151.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB5ZllnD4X98D9FJpOdvqMDm1y47SLPXscRF0FrxSWqDM6Fgu8I6q3bMRWwgNhoDkWQddT1ubfgD4Hajaa2holDw4GAKhAyUVUizAiwpYPNupQU3f8UaarODDcOCEJT_4gaVAec-ClNeynGT1UIM8R-KEO7fw3tEFdQdYtFmqDRPsg-UfQ7QzUHyZDhccS/w300-h400/P1150151.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and a fierce fight develops.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj31h8x95JdouprzfGE9aL_z5YxhKqLakqlz6pDT1L45nMhLcQWKHT0tJkcUtWx4rGzfxKkl9V5ZHzvP_qTofcgFC8bQCGEfmZOxACxxf2mzUTTLYYWuVv5-zJiYxtxdEKiVpxWnnMfpGUPwAIH5koVyYDhkS28_Q720vlEnkvqQunlTznOoNXvZcgU_xXB/s1920/P1150152.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj31h8x95JdouprzfGE9aL_z5YxhKqLakqlz6pDT1L45nMhLcQWKHT0tJkcUtWx4rGzfxKkl9V5ZHzvP_qTofcgFC8bQCGEfmZOxACxxf2mzUTTLYYWuVv5-zJiYxtxdEKiVpxWnnMfpGUPwAIH5koVyYDhkS28_Q720vlEnkvqQunlTznOoNXvZcgU_xXB/w400-h300/P1150152.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landsknecht attack the fortified position and melees develop along the earthworks.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbHF9zjj3ZdFf1Acd9oa87-Y6F0q6ryYZOZ8mxFec-rlkKvqVfMlZ5ZCjwU7BZYVanWYWX2QjUE1rri-oP6ysvT8rrBm3-Ob5iTWr6GSipdvh9BHr2gkzNw9nN4GFwU45dO04xx94C-3FwOZ0IQurfnbLPNkUgI6udCEb5imc2keE7AVsX-anAKuvl0zIx/s3384/P1150162.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2592" data-original-width="3384" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbHF9zjj3ZdFf1Acd9oa87-Y6F0q6ryYZOZ8mxFec-rlkKvqVfMlZ5ZCjwU7BZYVanWYWX2QjUE1rri-oP6ysvT8rrBm3-Ob5iTWr6GSipdvh9BHr2gkzNw9nN4GFwU45dO04xx94C-3FwOZ0IQurfnbLPNkUgI6udCEb5imc2keE7AVsX-anAKuvl0zIx/w400-h306/P1150162.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some of the Ditmarsians leave the earthworks to attack the oncoming Danish army.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiWpiA-loudifsXd7gkIe3jNG1slJg4QLdbcxweYGnu-b4e4DkpkOjHIvj6lBeoo9f36HMNlTcbD3ry0iRZ87sABePw6YaQ9QmGUf7VaBj5TLeALIhSrK9WK7KyAZB_p0LOKFoDoVLzTjaK3hkUjat686_PRbAg3Q5gmWvKpYSU85ZqcYkorc-zL3AnkhG/s4608/P1150167.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiWpiA-loudifsXd7gkIe3jNG1slJg4QLdbcxweYGnu-b4e4DkpkOjHIvj6lBeoo9f36HMNlTcbD3ry0iRZ87sABePw6YaQ9QmGUf7VaBj5TLeALIhSrK9WK7KyAZB_p0LOKFoDoVLzTjaK3hkUjat686_PRbAg3Q5gmWvKpYSU85ZqcYkorc-zL3AnkhG/w400-h300/P1150167.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A small cannon fires into the advancing landsknecht of the Black Guard.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6Z1dTys8nldjA5YAWOWatn5Ad9f8bQJYqp03NyUobjHhoON4Ck_tsdWuR3vFtFmGiSKKeJpmwoCMYckXL2jjkoF9w-0wayUH74c5dl_wuM0GvWo6EGw5NG05ZbZOAmjEdUkX5tk9vrTZfiS4qNx7vI_fx0s0XUWjjYJr1-WYznZE1uxzw1Gt2NHse-pGW/s3940/P1150179.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2168" data-original-width="3940" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6Z1dTys8nldjA5YAWOWatn5Ad9f8bQJYqp03NyUobjHhoON4Ck_tsdWuR3vFtFmGiSKKeJpmwoCMYckXL2jjkoF9w-0wayUH74c5dl_wuM0GvWo6EGw5NG05ZbZOAmjEdUkX5tk9vrTZfiS4qNx7vI_fx0s0XUWjjYJr1-WYznZE1uxzw1Gt2NHse-pGW/w400-h220/P1150179.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landsknecht and lancers attack the Ditmarsians as they leave the safety of the earthworks.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>As the sleet and snow fell the Danish army advanced along the road to Heide only to find its path blocked by the Dithmarschen earthworks. At the head of the marching column Thomas Slentz ordered his Black Guard landsknecht into formation and they began to assault the position. The Dithmarschen artillery opened fire on the attackers and the landsknecht suffered losses. Before the Black Guard could even reach the Dithmarschen defences they were attacked and driven back in a fierce melee on the frozen muddy slopes.</div><div><br /></div><div>Some of the Ditmarsians remained behind the safety of the earthworks and fired upon the attackers whilst others left the position in an attempt to attack the flanks of the Danish army as it advanced. This also drew Danish troops out of the column and into the freezing flooded fields on either side of the causeway. Fighting broke out all along the line of the earthworks as the Ditmarsians fought back against the landsknecht who were now supported by lancers. In the chaos the captain of the Black Guard, Thomas Slentz, challenged the Dithmarschen leader, <span style="text-align: center;">Wulf Isebrand to a duel. Slentz was slain but Isebrand and his men also suffered losses as some of Slentz's halberdiers charged them in an attempt to avenge the death of their captain.</span></div><div><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9aLvkJoo6a_yxh4kws00pphU8s3rAqhMLqjYQMnEccwj4qVaoGPleisRX7HXvWaXWnvlCZp2cQqQVypBhZtDy0cOSvgjh3M6M4mf9RzhDszyTQgwPISoozcSqTA7Y0Kz2-wvQb5DcY3fxu6-aZYykYkk1Jdsg4RoN3YAM8Bb6rhDQNP9DSfdZTEibwl14/s1920/P1150183.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9aLvkJoo6a_yxh4kws00pphU8s3rAqhMLqjYQMnEccwj4qVaoGPleisRX7HXvWaXWnvlCZp2cQqQVypBhZtDy0cOSvgjh3M6M4mf9RzhDszyTQgwPISoozcSqTA7Y0Kz2-wvQb5DcY3fxu6-aZYykYkk1Jdsg4RoN3YAM8Bb6rhDQNP9DSfdZTEibwl14/w300-h400/P1150183.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landsknecht captain, Thomas Slentz, challenges the <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen</span> leader, Wulf Isebrand, to a duel, and is slain by the peasant captain.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpu90ZOh6w-SZuwuD2e0oKecvJTJ_oSYH9LN-jObhN90NPIEBQqjA2LeCmHqNbQ6yc2nCXS63Urm1Fak127BB3e8ZerkhWG5bklfZ3UU1PEGnmEdDcpePPF2nsy5Uzb1hEmVxmZNnzj0TJb7gz2tsgBYK3I1PIp6EwqUHzPbxZQva_tcVVC_upa-AdI3e9/s4608/P1150187.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpu90ZOh6w-SZuwuD2e0oKecvJTJ_oSYH9LN-jObhN90NPIEBQqjA2LeCmHqNbQ6yc2nCXS63Urm1Fak127BB3e8ZerkhWG5bklfZ3UU1PEGnmEdDcpePPF2nsy5Uzb1hEmVxmZNnzj0TJb7gz2tsgBYK3I1PIp6EwqUHzPbxZQva_tcVVC_upa-AdI3e9/w400-h300/P1150187.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wulf Isebrand and his bodyguard are then attacked by the landsknecht halberdiers but manage to fight them off.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEymKxhvZ7OrcXzV9i4ZLih4UjN7BmIK0tjAEju5stT-vqaqxuqK_R8HDuN0pA3XYLKx-6cebSRuSX6yHaCHEXPcwr7lHuayX6FM0a4hcx7CzMm8Kdkwwph3kx_2jE_jTLvutTfvSvlCOIrEOdPiMtBnG_ZCtpQtEU-f6UHsqxwok2JntJm9vv3vMTxvM9/s2880/P1150208.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2880" data-original-width="2256" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEymKxhvZ7OrcXzV9i4ZLih4UjN7BmIK0tjAEju5stT-vqaqxuqK_R8HDuN0pA3XYLKx-6cebSRuSX6yHaCHEXPcwr7lHuayX6FM0a4hcx7CzMm8Kdkwwph3kx_2jE_jTLvutTfvSvlCOIrEOdPiMtBnG_ZCtpQtEU-f6UHsqxwok2JntJm9vv3vMTxvM9/w314-h400/P1150208.JPG" width="314" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the Danish army struggles to advance along the causeway some of the <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen</span> troops enter the flooded icy fields in an attempt to pick off the Danish King.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRHhEcMU8ZjgtJR26f5kigOa2P7OdSlr7XGXM95jHrntQwH6FimhyjI-OuISjxu-BnU2IIDyJzE7bgFH6KEWtYePLUzf-Zg6VKU_LPVgnnJY11KuKHfBbQGNchslaopF_qLVHFkNR18bG_t1NB8aCLX47zqeRHioWcdAk6abQ8qE7vM-UsnPwMC0G7W5MK/s3872/P1150219.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3132" data-original-width="3872" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRHhEcMU8ZjgtJR26f5kigOa2P7OdSlr7XGXM95jHrntQwH6FimhyjI-OuISjxu-BnU2IIDyJzE7bgFH6KEWtYePLUzf-Zg6VKU_LPVgnnJY11KuKHfBbQGNchslaopF_qLVHFkNR18bG_t1NB8aCLX47zqeRHioWcdAk6abQ8qE7vM-UsnPwMC0G7W5MK/w400-h324/P1150219.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wulf Isebrand is shot by landsknecht arquebusiers severely dampening the <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen army's</span> morale.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjctoHlZFbY0ZKOf9zWixnzu8C-BlMx5n2n4FbSILYXIDYxpwnoM-qTtCz9lrHtoE7OkhrND4NueqhteHCATnN9ahS7o2REJNuQgvHPzFnRlio9w0fAmCAXwDZOCegdlmJhuvQGx6PYXgCQ30PjBg1hv2y_GO7-KjNZF4uZAMl-aS2v0mfBxydGUJwQIAE6/s4192/P1150244.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4192" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjctoHlZFbY0ZKOf9zWixnzu8C-BlMx5n2n4FbSILYXIDYxpwnoM-qTtCz9lrHtoE7OkhrND4NueqhteHCATnN9ahS7o2REJNuQgvHPzFnRlio9w0fAmCAXwDZOCegdlmJhuvQGx6PYXgCQ30PjBg1hv2y_GO7-KjNZF4uZAMl-aS2v0mfBxydGUJwQIAE6/w400-h330/P1150244.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Most of the Black Guard landsknecht have been defeated at the earthworks. The rest of the Danish troops halt their advance and, despite the bad weather, manage to use artillery to fire on the rebellious peasants.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPZD5NtlyiqeUgiDJVHUpvI9GRirU2gVRTEs0149ZwT_8dW6_6Six9UEzvuKicEGMhusjVqjZ6Tr5Nm0RCCe3NVvzAdgse8G_Qsr2orZFeLTiPli6JtKVBYPs8SBJ3RaLRWPmir44kwfbPaVF7P0U7GkD2to7vjK7Ll2HhQHJLGdShhtp5cs-31_cVK9GF/s4608/P1150254.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPZD5NtlyiqeUgiDJVHUpvI9GRirU2gVRTEs0149ZwT_8dW6_6Six9UEzvuKicEGMhusjVqjZ6Tr5Nm0RCCe3NVvzAdgse8G_Qsr2orZFeLTiPli6JtKVBYPs8SBJ3RaLRWPmir44kwfbPaVF7P0U7GkD2to7vjK7Ll2HhQHJLGdShhtp5cs-31_cVK9GF/w400-h300/P1150254.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some of the Ditmarsians are caught in the open and ridden down by Danish men at arms.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The fight was not all going the way of the Ditmarsians as despite the foul weather the Danish artillery and landsknecht arquebusiers were able to keep up sustained fire on the earthworks. Wulf Isebrand was brought down by the shot of an arquebusier, a costly loss to the Dithmarschen defenders. The landsknecht contingent of the Danish army was soon destroyed but the Danish and Imperial troops behind them, under the command of King John II, did not push forward into the attack. Instead they let their artillery keep firing into the Ditmarsians.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Ditmarsians continued to send troops into the frozen flooded fields attempting to lure out the Danish Knights and men at arms so they could easily be slain in the freezing waters. This tactic was successful to a certain extent as some of the men at arms were brought down. It allowed a unit of Dithmarschen crossbowmen to lure the Danish King into the waterlogged fields where he was unhorsed and defeated but the tactic also meant that more of the Danish troops could get to the Ditmarsians and eventually proved to be the undoing of the peasant army. <br /><br />With Slentz and John II out of the fight all the Ditmarsians needed to do was bring down the <span style="text-align: center;">Danish national standard, the Dannebrog, in order to rout the Danish army. The legendary <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen,</span> </span><span style="text-align: center;">Reimer von Wiemerstedt, led his men into the flooded fields in order to get to the </span><span style="text-align: center;">Dannebrog and seize it. The plan backfired and the knights protecting the standard charged Reimer and his men, riding them down despite the terrible condition of the ground. Von </span><span style="text-align: center;">Wiemerstedt was slain and the <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen </span>army was routed. From their incredibly strong defensive position the Ditmarsians had been defeated in their eagerness to attack the slow moving Danish column.</span><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjITa-4ewx-wLmv39ZdVItD_0yT8NfjeWVRS12Zcpoy9TDIA3NSSpWKs9_pQJUequ7yw66DYJ7gMHOtXJbXx3ylOqKPlnt-CVvVmni2PlBR-xetDBx5hBpxiDXyWQ6xdHptOoaxlN5MovY0DbMFTz-TbtQkrWwqK0UmZHcEFSnofApCwYzKxe54hgE2kwEG/s1920/P1150256.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjITa-4ewx-wLmv39ZdVItD_0yT8NfjeWVRS12Zcpoy9TDIA3NSSpWKs9_pQJUequ7yw66DYJ7gMHOtXJbXx3ylOqKPlnt-CVvVmni2PlBR-xetDBx5hBpxiDXyWQ6xdHptOoaxlN5MovY0DbMFTz-TbtQkrWwqK0UmZHcEFSnofApCwYzKxe54hgE2kwEG/w400-h300/P1150256.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Danish King, John II, surveys the battle...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTvpjGvTvwiBUKObPWeEWS6f30gzWH0wh4SRCrb4Kz6AfpG4hH43qRW7iCuRnw_kIac66QVwQ9syh6ag7ZM65s3nUCPUGT6zexW4eqNBgI7ExAY52TK_j2_lEIlhCS8cdOirykMmyYv-GmH7yMyJOsyJgA5CUSQb5VNFfVOd2Tqzn9_oQhJImFXYQdwSYn/s3608/P1150257.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="3608" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTvpjGvTvwiBUKObPWeEWS6f30gzWH0wh4SRCrb4Kz6AfpG4hH43qRW7iCuRnw_kIac66QVwQ9syh6ag7ZM65s3nUCPUGT6zexW4eqNBgI7ExAY52TK_j2_lEIlhCS8cdOirykMmyYv-GmH7yMyJOsyJgA5CUSQb5VNFfVOd2Tqzn9_oQhJImFXYQdwSYn/w400-h284/P1150257.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and is attacked by a unit of Ditmarsians. The Danish King is unhorsed in the bad terrain.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd7YKT9DTWtb4gBgm03kzGcUwaepNv1oD2RD4wZ8iiUvEvaArtQWwtXolZvk_1k6YWDIQjdhFvbUt3jUVdVmGQqg6O7jqtXVQJB9Q-xYUszw9E94oHdj9NG9AMfaow2fnV7S9hGI3ji_zaUq5gWsWFs5V_Wn_hr6iaqpHRm7UBUp70AC4DXi20T26eUSWT/s3108/P1150268.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2688" data-original-width="3108" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd7YKT9DTWtb4gBgm03kzGcUwaepNv1oD2RD4wZ8iiUvEvaArtQWwtXolZvk_1k6YWDIQjdhFvbUt3jUVdVmGQqg6O7jqtXVQJB9Q-xYUszw9E94oHdj9NG9AMfaow2fnV7S9hGI3ji_zaUq5gWsWFs5V_Wn_hr6iaqpHRm7UBUp70AC4DXi20T26eUSWT/w400-h346/P1150268.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Despite Thomas Slentz being slain and the felling of the Danish King it is not a <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen</span> victory. The Danish national standard, the Dannebrog, does not fall. Instead the other captain, the legendary Reimer von Wiemerstedt, is defeated in the open and the <span style="text-align: left;">Dithmarschen</span> forces are routed!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1G0A6TYQjdBW-8RpNWaLgdyur8a2w39Tsyj-Px_c41_vRmGglotqhHhyphenhyphenhDHGflEWWMQnTxaNDF9lj_reG3gijrGIQqk2WndmmBmoKJRe6ga3EJKXMbapT7AtOdJSi_sIKUd4dA3POlPICZIh5tFD16ijTFwfZtgma80afjAR2MpNurG-7cGwWVk6Vu6tr/s1920/P1150284.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1G0A6TYQjdBW-8RpNWaLgdyur8a2w39Tsyj-Px_c41_vRmGglotqhHhyphenhyphenhDHGflEWWMQnTxaNDF9lj_reG3gijrGIQqk2WndmmBmoKJRe6ga3EJKXMbapT7AtOdJSi_sIKUd4dA3POlPICZIh5tFD16ijTFwfZtgma80afjAR2MpNurG-7cGwWVk6Vu6tr/w300-h400/P1150284.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Having waited all night in battle formation Claude de Guise's landsknecht cross the Bidasoa as the sun rises.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />For our second game we returned to a character whose actions on the battlefield have been covered before on the blog, Claude, Duke of Guise. It was Guise who commanded the force which broke up the Duke of Bourbon's landsknecht army intended to meet the English invasion of France in 1523, <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/08/bourbons-rebellion-neufchateau1523-and.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/08/bourbons-rebellion-neufchateau1523-and.html</a>. For this game we chose an event that took place a couple of years before where Guise was in command of a force of landsknecht during a French attempt to take Navarre back from the Spanish in 1521.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><u>Claude, Duke of Guise, crossing the Bidasoa, October 1521<br /><br /></u></div><div>Following the Spanish conquest of the Kingdom of Navarre in 1512 the Navarrese monarchy supported by the French made repeated attempts to wrestle the kingdom back. In the spring of 1521 with Spain distracted by the revolt of the Communeros in Castile a 12,000 strong French and Navarrese army invaded and reconquered Navarre under the command of André de Foix, Lord of Lesparre. The victory was short lived as the revolt in Castile was crushed and the Spanish forces turned their attention to Navarre crushing the Franco-Navarrese army at Noáin near Pamplona, on 30 June 1521. <br /> </div><div>This did not deter the French King, Francis I, or the King of Navarre, Henry II, as they assumed that Spain must now be militarily exhausted by its recent war efforts. In September 1521 Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet, one of the French King's favourites, led an army of around 27,000 men into Navarre attacking the kingdom's northern borders. It was a mixed force of Navarrese, Norman, Gascon and landsknecht troops. As the French and Navarrese advanced into the Kingdom, Roncal and Roncesvalles fell with the Spanish garrisoning the fortress of Amaiur surrendering on 3 October 1521. From here Bonnivet took the army down from the Pyrenees towards the coast, investing the town of Fuenterrabía.</div><div><br /></div><div>Fuenterrabía, or Hondarribia in Basque, is located where the River Bidasoa runs into the Bay of Biscay. The Lorraine nobleman, Claude, Duke of Guise, whose descendants would later become key figures in the French Wars of Religion, commanded a force of landsknecht in the Franco Navarrese army and had already distinguished himself during the battle of Marignano in 1515. He further enhanced his reputation during the attack of Fuenterrabía. Martin du Bellay, in his memoires, describes the action that took place in front of the town a translation of which reads:<br /><br /></div><div>"<i>Now there were the enemies beyond the Behaubie </i>(the Bidasoa)<i> river, and our camp beyond, which was the cause (as I said) that we could not really recognize them.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>The said river passes at the foot of the mountains which come from Navarre and falls into the sea in front of Hondarribia. All night long our army was in battle </i>(formation)<i>, because it was the full moon, and the sea which refloated was so high that it was impossible for us and them to cross the river. But the next day, about eight o'clock in the morning, being the sea withdrawn, Monsieur de Guise, after having ordered his lansquenets, and with him the rest of the foot soldiers and the gendarmerie fell into battle on the edge of the water; then, the lansquenets having kissed the ground (as they customarily do when they march into battle), the said Lord of Guise, spear in hand, was the first to get into the water, accompanied by his troop, to go and fight his enemy. Which was so well followed that the Spaniards, who could be equal in number (with the advantage that those who wait in dry land may have over those who come to fight them, wet across a river), astonished at the fury and boldness of our people, fled through the mountains. And was the chief of this Spanish army, Dom Diegue de Vere, a part of which retired into Fontarabie.</i>"<br /><br /></div><div>Following Claude de Guise's dramatic attack through the water of the Bidasoa the town was besieged and fell into French hands by mid October 1521. Fuenterrabía was garrisoned with 1,000 Navarrese and 2,000 Gascons. The town would eventually fall back to the Spanish following a lengthy siege in 1524 after Charles V ordered a counterattack into Navarre in an effort to drive out the French forces of Francis I and Navarrese of Henry II. The kingdom of Navarre would remain permanently divided after this last campaign by Charles V with Henry II of Navarre only retaining a small portion of the kingdom north of the Pyrenees.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0NCwpSjDLc9191Hdazxun6P2cum88ZsH5LDl8Sqxy-88Fr7zlE8LnyqMQdegsTg8hnvoj5mEkLJ1q_9w0PvO2iAWjiiNBaFGjiEsBtAUOyawv4y4aEXc0Ql7nS8KdwRXlhDTxR7LCjO4PvLZmtPFSKLSk_kA5EUu4tv9Vtk9L8GdDHnazhvsSRfVe223H/s3672/P1150285.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1856" data-original-width="3672" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0NCwpSjDLc9191Hdazxun6P2cum88ZsH5LDl8Sqxy-88Fr7zlE8LnyqMQdegsTg8hnvoj5mEkLJ1q_9w0PvO2iAWjiiNBaFGjiEsBtAUOyawv4y4aEXc0Ql7nS8KdwRXlhDTxR7LCjO4PvLZmtPFSKLSk_kA5EUu4tv9Vtk9L8GdDHnazhvsSRfVe223H/w400-h203/P1150285.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table from above. To the right are the walls of Fuenterrabía, with a Spanish force under Dom Diegue de Vere in front of them. On the left are the banks of the River Bidasoa out of which march the French and landsknecht forces under Claude, Duke of Guise.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>Scenario</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div><div>For this game the banks of the Bidasoa were be set up in one corner of the table with the walls of Fuenterrabía at the other end of the table (see the photo above). The French deployed within the water whilst the Spanish were deployed beneath the walls of the town.</div><div><br /></div><div>The game was played as a straight up battle with a couple of special rules as described below. As with the Hemmingstedt game we used our adapted Lion Rampant rules. Stuart took command of Guise and his landsknecht and French force whilst I played as the Spanish defenders of Fuenterrabía under the command of <span style="text-align: center;">Dom Diegue de Vere. <br /><br />Incidentally I think the </span><span style="text-align: center;">Dom Diegue de Vere that du Bellay is referring to may be one and the same as Diego De Vera, a Spanish Admiral who commanded an unsuccessful military expedition in 1516 in an attempt to dislodge the famed Barbary corsair brothers, Oruc and Hizir Reis (who is better known as Hayreddin Barbarossa) from their control of Algiers. </span></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Waters of the Bidasoa</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The water did not impede movement or count as cover but fighting in it counted as difficult terrain. </div><div><br /></div><div><u>Claude, Duke of Guise</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Any landsknecht unit within 12" of Claude, Duke of Guise's unit received +1 to their hit rolls when attacking in combat.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTxI1lyYetL_8bdzmETbuZSJd54lAwGzXeGdrY6s2LM-L-Uab2cFLQXF_zpCZAd-8uhU2ab_DuyzgJ7mbu_Vt6_XTxAqwnR9Q7rjEo76EK3RV83doyhX-auPuN1uOhpTJvkMIZNjNY3rpZaVk3fOc9GJjE8cAAh-fdtoBt_FdBwtUEpMIPk9-6edBQ2dRK/s2760/P1150286.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2432" data-original-width="2760" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTxI1lyYetL_8bdzmETbuZSJd54lAwGzXeGdrY6s2LM-L-Uab2cFLQXF_zpCZAd-8uhU2ab_DuyzgJ7mbu_Vt6_XTxAqwnR9Q7rjEo76EK3RV83doyhX-auPuN1uOhpTJvkMIZNjNY3rpZaVk3fOc9GJjE8cAAh-fdtoBt_FdBwtUEpMIPk9-6edBQ2dRK/w400-h353/P1150286.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the tide goes out and dawn breaks the landsknecht mercenaries of the Franco Navarrese army wade through the river Bidasoa...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizZ45Q_MtdH8-OXkz0fY5AXr5FzYDbyww5bZmhKgSNAMM4eeCVHhLj4aHXw_x1QlwsNiO-_do0CHx0aJ07iMzt18l-Lp4j7FN6l9kuJk928qXG1P6MpRuixTAj2a6mmDL3QrcJXRuGyCyfBq4lrHQzCaz2ZN2_vCgeuWO-atnYc9Oa5WFCbdAApbRRiGlP/s2600/P1150303.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2600" data-original-width="1784" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizZ45Q_MtdH8-OXkz0fY5AXr5FzYDbyww5bZmhKgSNAMM4eeCVHhLj4aHXw_x1QlwsNiO-_do0CHx0aJ07iMzt18l-Lp4j7FN6l9kuJk928qXG1P6MpRuixTAj2a6mmDL3QrcJXRuGyCyfBq4lrHQzCaz2ZN2_vCgeuWO-atnYc9Oa5WFCbdAApbRRiGlP/w275-h400/P1150303.JPG" width="275" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and prepare to drive back the defenders of Fuenterrabía.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The French vanguard under Claude, Duke of Guise</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Pike (Contains Claude, Duke of Guise, retinue leader - see special rules above) </div><div>2 Units of Landsknecht Pike </div><div>2 Units of Landsknecht Shot</div><div>2 Units of Landsknecht Halberdiers</div><div>2 Units of Gascon Crossbowmen</div><div>2 Units of French Gendarmes</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Spanish defenders of Fuenterrabía</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Dom Diegue de Vere retinue leader)</div><div>2 Units of Spanish Pike</div><div>2 Units of Rodeleros</div><div>2 Units of Spanish Arquebusiers</div><div>1 Culverin</div><div>2 Units of Jinetes</div><div>1 Unit of Spanish Men at Arms</div><div>1 Organ Gun</div><div><br /></div><div>The light was better for this second game and we managed to get more photos so a brief description of events follows but following the captions to the images is also a good way to follow the action.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbBnbNxToAwA3o_2K3haTayJHC4k0VlqSEnQPBk6cweEcxldZs58z4ri-gh0jZQ2atG1WV-RF8sbqjmCImvSP72YoJWnOjURXv6CkB8jr_Hmip9loqxzm8YnJUD5bTovXl4hQFKoqWdpUNEOuKo_aO9RwIX8voxQ0v85oOhzkxPrvj6uA_IP1OkK01pIvZ/s3456/P1150314.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="2768" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbBnbNxToAwA3o_2K3haTayJHC4k0VlqSEnQPBk6cweEcxldZs58z4ri-gh0jZQ2atG1WV-RF8sbqjmCImvSP72YoJWnOjURXv6CkB8jr_Hmip9loqxzm8YnJUD5bTovXl4hQFKoqWdpUNEOuKo_aO9RwIX8voxQ0v85oOhzkxPrvj6uA_IP1OkK01pIvZ/w320-h400/P1150314.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landsknecht are through the river and advance on Fuenterrabía. Some of the Spanish Jinetes skirmish with the landsknecht arquebusiers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXegB50XmkI3ZktrIPrgwI7P_qqbQuzx-FjpZEpn2I3yqPpmDl6Bb0mACys_dSuGIwMlpRSO4Mfv75mczzQcxmWiq45nmpeJYpMR5RmV6USbjmsE2g4MEYEzLcxGrx3L8xjmg3WqaGtCb9aAtmmTyz8z4Er_f5ftvgwrDVXke1x0CZDsMspk5KIzqBYwRs/s1920/P1150329.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXegB50XmkI3ZktrIPrgwI7P_qqbQuzx-FjpZEpn2I3yqPpmDl6Bb0mACys_dSuGIwMlpRSO4Mfv75mczzQcxmWiq45nmpeJYpMR5RmV6USbjmsE2g4MEYEzLcxGrx3L8xjmg3WqaGtCb9aAtmmTyz8z4Er_f5ftvgwrDVXke1x0CZDsMspk5KIzqBYwRs/w400-h300/P1150329.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Guise banner flutters over Claude's unit of landsknecht.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrEXw_IpoXtU30ji73Svb9BLcqoTTz4uBSjtYb3mVw-a5xRV9v5q3RhCie3Ubuy7r0nDnKvjjk05BvN6ujNBiGqYZa0q_6NdV2qsUJmyouMv9ZRgHtVJpOPUJ6F_qtKxlp8rrINNvj778OL1LF6T3FU_yjooKv47MkcwJTnNXfw-eUk2fP-pgY2AVgrVKs/s3048/P1150330.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3048" data-original-width="2496" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrEXw_IpoXtU30ji73Svb9BLcqoTTz4uBSjtYb3mVw-a5xRV9v5q3RhCie3Ubuy7r0nDnKvjjk05BvN6ujNBiGqYZa0q_6NdV2qsUJmyouMv9ZRgHtVJpOPUJ6F_qtKxlp8rrINNvj778OL1LF6T3FU_yjooKv47MkcwJTnNXfw-eUk2fP-pgY2AVgrVKs/w328-h400/P1150330.JPG" width="328" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the landsknecht wade out of the Bidasoa they come under fire from Spanish Arquebusiers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7g_RQouvYFq0STd2Ppa1KBysshRIotAL7vj-FZZf8ab3b1Q214DrKLY-FjsuUi0BXBSHy9oY-Ez2yeHR10A-WpWAg7v-I_eddCunJUD-IDtO4cFtelhUc3jZLmyDfw4f-kaVZyCuMshdhmDg_gsHGKq2RLT3KpCbtgum1CskRnbgN1HJ9FcAyC7-dkYtQ/s1920/P1150331.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7g_RQouvYFq0STd2Ppa1KBysshRIotAL7vj-FZZf8ab3b1Q214DrKLY-FjsuUi0BXBSHy9oY-Ez2yeHR10A-WpWAg7v-I_eddCunJUD-IDtO4cFtelhUc3jZLmyDfw4f-kaVZyCuMshdhmDg_gsHGKq2RLT3KpCbtgum1CskRnbgN1HJ9FcAyC7-dkYtQ/w400-h300/P1150331.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landsknecht arquebusiers attempt to drive off the Spanish shot...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU2TN11kzSGbBBRkFTrhB4Jnw14x9YNDOCdN01jbcgpxYuQEa7REsfvbnEws5NYJ9jh3fyLEWi2xYgCJST7UzYKha30O9vYqSzkP_v8u_6FTiAkZE-wN7Qf2dUWp8U5iIddKu7VrG0SYSNr4gx62KZ2G44RpV8K45bl784vs5AAvrnyMh8lKd9MZdr-Alx/s2856/P1150339.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2856" data-original-width="2844" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU2TN11kzSGbBBRkFTrhB4Jnw14x9YNDOCdN01jbcgpxYuQEa7REsfvbnEws5NYJ9jh3fyLEWi2xYgCJST7UzYKha30O9vYqSzkP_v8u_6FTiAkZE-wN7Qf2dUWp8U5iIddKu7VrG0SYSNr4gx62KZ2G44RpV8K45bl784vs5AAvrnyMh8lKd9MZdr-Alx/w399-h400/P1150339.JPG" width="399" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and the Spanish arquebusiers withdraw whilst still firing at the landsknecht.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Guise, waded into the waters of the Bidasoa. He was keen to get his mercenary landsknecht into action as they had stood all night in battle formation waiting for the tide to go out so the river could be crossed. The landsknecht kissed the ground before them, as was their custom, and followed Guise into the water accompanied by some of the Gascon infantry and Gendarmes of the French army. As they emerged drenched from the Bidasoa they were immediately fired upon by groups of Spanish arquebusiers whilst skirmishing Jinete light horsemen harassed them with javelins.<br /><br />Guise's troops suffered casualties from these attacks but as more of his men reached the shore the arquebusiers and jinetes began to withdraw as they came under the fire of Guise's landsknecht arquebusiers and Gascon crossbowmen. The jinetes road away safely but the arquebusiers were caught and defeated in the open by landsknecht halberdiers and French Gendarmes. As Guise's troops prepared to continue the attack the were reinforced by a unit of stradiots who splashed across the Bidasoa to bolster the French ranks.</div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA0oVWh0fDBdIUB6xJbkCNhW-4Ncp6cYIaoyyE8lu6ZSbda8AzZgTCXcBo5cX7NKH5Oj4NTqWSTBF3PfCqFqhW-YWhgUX_HvPYbyvf6W1plUdDJFDVmBC_MwleQIn8Kob3EwbWCmbHYttMaiXJ-GfQxle1LPN7WSTkVHrQKywrIhbChP8TZ2VmaCdA32b4/s2664/P1150344.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2568" data-original-width="2664" height="385" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA0oVWh0fDBdIUB6xJbkCNhW-4Ncp6cYIaoyyE8lu6ZSbda8AzZgTCXcBo5cX7NKH5Oj4NTqWSTBF3PfCqFqhW-YWhgUX_HvPYbyvf6W1plUdDJFDVmBC_MwleQIn8Kob3EwbWCmbHYttMaiXJ-GfQxle1LPN7WSTkVHrQKywrIhbChP8TZ2VmaCdA32b4/w400-h385/P1150344.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reinforcements arrive for the French as a unit of stradiots splashes across the Bidasoa.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-J8cpcegXpCogLRtE5JHQUXIaROuQFvHwW-e-ARsuI0Fw3IU2JkCVZmwSsfH0kEZuubHfFPHpys47pCr-K7e5yZ5KShhkji2DcJoAIAR_cCccwfyahIuqflB-jCLv0cXxumX0rnkhheWuqqJ7LznNXZSAqEAOgG-xEonj0x_OsuD4NZL4sAF3wFBxfHnI/s1920/P1150345.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-J8cpcegXpCogLRtE5JHQUXIaROuQFvHwW-e-ARsuI0Fw3IU2JkCVZmwSsfH0kEZuubHfFPHpys47pCr-K7e5yZ5KShhkji2DcJoAIAR_cCccwfyahIuqflB-jCLv0cXxumX0rnkhheWuqqJ7LznNXZSAqEAOgG-xEonj0x_OsuD4NZL4sAF3wFBxfHnI/w300-h400/P1150345.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Spanish arquebusiers are driven back by a charge from the landsknecht halberdiers...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVCKtIU-6mNNGwp56Qce5OFgkZHafypRigB60ZBH0Yf9a5ugtIMAMBiF9IEJbBGhIl_kJNXHO7q1HWYtDuFzLlKdRN2QZ8e3An-Mw4CgJ6Th6tevuUWD5GPhpDj7Cw9WaDiVbfCbYHIBqaWrPADNmxSnXJSPgkA0chDiT60Fai0fNLb6uk73Edz6v3Mp-X/s1920/P1150346.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVCKtIU-6mNNGwp56Qce5OFgkZHafypRigB60ZBH0Yf9a5ugtIMAMBiF9IEJbBGhIl_kJNXHO7q1HWYtDuFzLlKdRN2QZ8e3An-Mw4CgJ6Th6tevuUWD5GPhpDj7Cw9WaDiVbfCbYHIBqaWrPADNmxSnXJSPgkA0chDiT60Fai0fNLb6uk73Edz6v3Mp-X/w400-h300/P1150346.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...before then being ridden down by the French gendarmes who have accompanied Guise across the river.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjavKfIzMSRx2VBkRrznj-fKDJOGRM2BTE-zZ6U9Q_H6MqvySygan9WOjCfAeSlZDZ9nxH7gwzdpKyj1wrE_uUUvXZdZ7RJX2QJCZiGcFIvL6r4XuvcnUTDF40nb4evLL-2VHTUpow0qtBzqjXtLw_7v7fWVfgSz5FJcRDUch2fw_SUAKCjZhEF0rvYrjJQ/s1920/P1150348.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjavKfIzMSRx2VBkRrznj-fKDJOGRM2BTE-zZ6U9Q_H6MqvySygan9WOjCfAeSlZDZ9nxH7gwzdpKyj1wrE_uUUvXZdZ7RJX2QJCZiGcFIvL6r4XuvcnUTDF40nb4evLL-2VHTUpow0qtBzqjXtLw_7v7fWVfgSz5FJcRDUch2fw_SUAKCjZhEF0rvYrjJQ/w400-h300/P1150348.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dom Diegue de Vere's Spanish defenders advance in an attempt to push back the French and landsknecht.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMYn8wOHlYiR-bjms13yU7usJgtqVbaDGAiNve_-AC_mBwaRdO2N68LaO37PsrCKEv8jOT9UqHw0whbNV2-4FMGOCHeWuSTIXkyt6c_7Yn7sdPcZDY4J3PSEjiIBSH1_c3YS7km56lgFm6D4QuJAigp-aWIl93zTEGp0oebAvERnHc6CQY4G4qUxBWkuKa/s1920/P1150349.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMYn8wOHlYiR-bjms13yU7usJgtqVbaDGAiNve_-AC_mBwaRdO2N68LaO37PsrCKEv8jOT9UqHw0whbNV2-4FMGOCHeWuSTIXkyt6c_7Yn7sdPcZDY4J3PSEjiIBSH1_c3YS7km56lgFm6D4QuJAigp-aWIl93zTEGp0oebAvERnHc6CQY4G4qUxBWkuKa/w400-h300/P1150349.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A brutal melee develops in a Church courtyard just outside the walls of Fuenterrabía.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJMAKD1378GFbQA4fI5LgWQwHoydCnXWYjI7QCWd3nazQI1BcQZzcFithVGL8rj4ob_zBPBaIGc2MNn5NzfT8mPAuVSpkP71B8YCNYe442EqU8JcJCcjJIcLNbnvoOMZNvSjm7gLiRdXInebcuLhveEHauLCO8YwS8JQMZIiNWV9ucRtxzBttx7G8aeAQ6/s4608/P1150357.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3328" data-original-width="4608" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJMAKD1378GFbQA4fI5LgWQwHoydCnXWYjI7QCWd3nazQI1BcQZzcFithVGL8rj4ob_zBPBaIGc2MNn5NzfT8mPAuVSpkP71B8YCNYe442EqU8JcJCcjJIcLNbnvoOMZNvSjm7gLiRdXInebcuLhveEHauLCO8YwS8JQMZIiNWV9ucRtxzBttx7G8aeAQ6/w400-h289/P1150357.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Spanish in the courtyard are forced back by French Gendarmes and Gascon crossbowmen.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgVjurI944p1XiXlT4_LDIzstC9JXUKtLwAHqVM3Kyo0jfph2L1Fyjl2a9Hw3fCPc_-F7FqD15RiIJl1R57gkyk8zKtNIww2tFVDi0VRmiVDcFDzCU4jny4ZlSSbTpQJoidElfBOJ6i8Jxh3vpAQRDkaxzV08_bZgAqRehU4fjvzK7-YmajUdiw0-BtJdk/s3432/P1150375.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3432" data-original-width="2040" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgVjurI944p1XiXlT4_LDIzstC9JXUKtLwAHqVM3Kyo0jfph2L1Fyjl2a9Hw3fCPc_-F7FqD15RiIJl1R57gkyk8zKtNIww2tFVDi0VRmiVDcFDzCU4jny4ZlSSbTpQJoidElfBOJ6i8Jxh3vpAQRDkaxzV08_bZgAqRehU4fjvzK7-YmajUdiw0-BtJdk/w238-h400/P1150375.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Church courtyard is taken and the French and landsknecht continue to advance.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCa-GK5xhovdJeNugZILzb-pywsmmFbQ3i6PKldIb6SnRpG7IH-tfsQa5H5bqS_LDM7QlkpKH9dAh8Vlhguub1DDjDp6QMCgKj3E556M7LaovR0NHmWXSx34NAPeoet2w9hmCHUbFH29svqW7QsM0nAE4FJP4ViICocVuuswiLHgI2sGxVn7CX5gW3ZYgc/s4112/P1150382.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4112" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCa-GK5xhovdJeNugZILzb-pywsmmFbQ3i6PKldIb6SnRpG7IH-tfsQa5H5bqS_LDM7QlkpKH9dAh8Vlhguub1DDjDp6QMCgKj3E556M7LaovR0NHmWXSx34NAPeoet2w9hmCHUbFH29svqW7QsM0nAE4FJP4ViICocVuuswiLHgI2sGxVn7CX5gW3ZYgc/w400-h336/P1150382.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Spanish commander, Dom Diegue de Vere, attempts to lead a counter attack into the courtyard. He is slain by a shot from a landsknecht arquebusier.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiiOaJ83ECSWp3FwQspD7nu-B4rwtgwa6tYzorOY3o1VG5S6tRefg6Jhop8PEwPOOph-PTC9L5coOPrzX3XNVnDw-xELlqOvMXrOa-LhNJmc2c-mLZtHQbYbOiQYIxH9u_Gfw9IDC-mLG_ThyixWU-obrzzbwoQSdcqOgiL62IU_8Ukl7d_TG9-bjVcRas/s4608/P1150407.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3340" data-original-width="4608" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiiOaJ83ECSWp3FwQspD7nu-B4rwtgwa6tYzorOY3o1VG5S6tRefg6Jhop8PEwPOOph-PTC9L5coOPrzX3XNVnDw-xELlqOvMXrOa-LhNJmc2c-mLZtHQbYbOiQYIxH9u_Gfw9IDC-mLG_ThyixWU-obrzzbwoQSdcqOgiL62IU_8Ukl7d_TG9-bjVcRas/w400-h290/P1150407.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the battlefield with the French and landsknecht in the foreground and the Spanish troops forming a defensive line in the top right hand corner of the photo. <br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div>The fighting now moved from the shores of the Bidasoa to the suburbs of <span style="text-align: center;">Fuenterrabía. Outside the town walls a walled churchyard became the scene of bitter fighting as Spanish rodeleros armed with sword and buckler supported by their jinete cavalry battled a force of Gascons, Gendarmes and stradiots. After a fierce back and forth the French were victorious, pushing the Spanish out of the courtyard. Foolishly t</span><span style="text-align: center;">he Spanish commander, Dom Diegue de Vere, attempted to win it back only to be shot by a landsknecht arquebusier as he entered the churchyard.<br /><br />With their captain dead the remaining Spanish troops formed up around their artillery in the hope they could force the landsknecht and French back into the river if they made a determined stand against them. For a moment it looked like this would work as the defender's organ gun and culverin fired at close range into Guise's oncoming troops causing terrible casualties. Guise's troops were not deterred and whilst the surviving Spanish men at arms and jinetes fled, "</span><i>astonished at the fury and boldness" </i>of the French,<span style="text-align: center;"> the Spanish infantry were over run and defeated. Claude, Duke of Guise, had led a successful attack across the Bidasoa and the siege of </span><span style="text-align: center;">Fuenterrabía could begin.</span></div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKfVG04nqH5ocWNol0-px6fQcNoi5G-mQ0lg97UbkRtPMsdhwYlABtASiAXjH7y3rErOx0DNn-qpjyIMdSRIzGA5YNHVB4-Wp0BogFKA-qUexbGI3KunfyxGl09elY0UsahTtXvmyTFUrAUnXBL7yx0wtn6VoLSSuMuDlPnRvnM6RXUXkLM67OchbPQ2hc/s1920/P1150418.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKfVG04nqH5ocWNol0-px6fQcNoi5G-mQ0lg97UbkRtPMsdhwYlABtASiAXjH7y3rErOx0DNn-qpjyIMdSRIzGA5YNHVB4-Wp0BogFKA-qUexbGI3KunfyxGl09elY0UsahTtXvmyTFUrAUnXBL7yx0wtn6VoLSSuMuDlPnRvnM6RXUXkLM67OchbPQ2hc/w300-h400/P1150418.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Spanish fire an organ gun into the stradiots and put them to flight. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgbQVduue1TaDtyMHoLN0kUgVDUcKcVxroQdEHEACnEj3hPU-SmMnybvhkqvJWQS2oBSkhtlSxthnD5FtUippuP8D_hkyFpLx0cmVZs4fNfM0-KzCjzsINhagX2r3yWZuWvz_zoiNJ0DAFjPnZ8gtdmE6RAnxyFwXA_Z1mScFKICYVwdRhHsfGKwUauQoW/s1920/P1150422.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgbQVduue1TaDtyMHoLN0kUgVDUcKcVxroQdEHEACnEj3hPU-SmMnybvhkqvJWQS2oBSkhtlSxthnD5FtUippuP8D_hkyFpLx0cmVZs4fNfM0-KzCjzsINhagX2r3yWZuWvz_zoiNJ0DAFjPnZ8gtdmE6RAnxyFwXA_Z1mScFKICYVwdRhHsfGKwUauQoW/w300-h400/P1150422.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The skirmishing is over and the main blocks on infantry prepare to clash.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi313nX0z-XCZ4_NIZOnV7wdm6gTgbWdv4ubq27Exxmy79uDwzb6Y7CVdI640KhnJmiNqJoGNTY4XgbN4krQKj6pE8dFV_WFqkGmd2I4Q5zBgQt0tcjOwQ7LQoCABMUDG8i7qaukMgbT3QsmdtZfKd7y-8z_ifFb4YLeKLHb5nljh7FFztSiIrcYx1Q8mdV/s2448/P1150435.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="2124" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi313nX0z-XCZ4_NIZOnV7wdm6gTgbWdv4ubq27Exxmy79uDwzb6Y7CVdI640KhnJmiNqJoGNTY4XgbN4krQKj6pE8dFV_WFqkGmd2I4Q5zBgQt0tcjOwQ7LQoCABMUDG8i7qaukMgbT3QsmdtZfKd7y-8z_ifFb4YLeKLHb5nljh7FFztSiIrcYx1Q8mdV/w348-h400/P1150435.JPG" width="348" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Spanish defensive line is about to be attacked.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMQ9aDZmOHoDpDXCEvcrP1JmzKN0GlHSOyo9gZwA55xD8ar6hNDAbKso2tKeymkJtg3uGd4d6h2pvbv5dDSs8ArOxeT0iuW-EmosCiEP8taPfLVCXUnGJCqmnDnrAke5u4ToKqAuRflXD-HlhUGz-dcgQtbVesY6lSvOp-PnUIpkHdHzO544KRjaAoY8Cd/s3656/P1150443.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3252" data-original-width="3656" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMQ9aDZmOHoDpDXCEvcrP1JmzKN0GlHSOyo9gZwA55xD8ar6hNDAbKso2tKeymkJtg3uGd4d6h2pvbv5dDSs8ArOxeT0iuW-EmosCiEP8taPfLVCXUnGJCqmnDnrAke5u4ToKqAuRflXD-HlhUGz-dcgQtbVesY6lSvOp-PnUIpkHdHzO544KRjaAoY8Cd/w400-h356/P1150443.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landsknecht halberdiers are successfully driven back by a unit of Spanish pike... </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJLvqgyzLQyeYltgoZXpdvvtKNpny5Lg8gOqXqpB9H53rP_S8SOjIsEkTcOvnUV3_el8T8E1IrrpyhFeng8O9IECJIaQdJKjFoHzD9rYNraVLDBDuM-Rb5iVQr3WoYgL-fqaghg9RMbz3QSLaxSy51urrAyLb1q4C6PIN9XNn8NWV-J8ICnrUVn9ljjqBn/s4552/P1150448.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2740" data-original-width="4552" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJLvqgyzLQyeYltgoZXpdvvtKNpny5Lg8gOqXqpB9H53rP_S8SOjIsEkTcOvnUV3_el8T8E1IrrpyhFeng8O9IECJIaQdJKjFoHzD9rYNraVLDBDuM-Rb5iVQr3WoYgL-fqaghg9RMbz3QSLaxSy51urrAyLb1q4C6PIN9XNn8NWV-J8ICnrUVn9ljjqBn/w400-h241/P1150448.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...only for the Spanish pike to then be driven back by the disciplined ranks of Guise's landsknecht pike.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOsmSahLLkpR7ii9q_1DPNbEtV4t35v6JU9YtyjkXzDpafXHlIjz7WXAnjKJrwQPBdKCkr-9SqFWq7yIeS1i9-1FpGg0lgQ3dtuWrpYV-1crkHYekBZ-zbExP208x937DSLs2wfokULw9VIN1p_0VvzsFN71XrYh6Z-mGCix7QZQbZV0WEf_eyqXvqKTCi/s4468/P1150451.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2844" data-original-width="4468" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOsmSahLLkpR7ii9q_1DPNbEtV4t35v6JU9YtyjkXzDpafXHlIjz7WXAnjKJrwQPBdKCkr-9SqFWq7yIeS1i9-1FpGg0lgQ3dtuWrpYV-1crkHYekBZ-zbExP208x937DSLs2wfokULw9VIN1p_0VvzsFN71XrYh6Z-mGCix7QZQbZV0WEf_eyqXvqKTCi/w400-h255/P1150451.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Spanish cannon causes heavy casualties as it fires at close range into the landsknecht ranks...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKOA_K0V4tCKB4PpJBYCgdFVNXOgRA6Db0-W6ux6eZbCcLML91__CQcJH9n7l57wlt2_InQ4vOAly21lReevymQtC9AxoenU81zA5wXgEvBSxUb9XW392oa-szuGSgewB8kcTZkCK3ag_8jan8EBqqoLK2XQdK6ii8vMPdSes7LGTGSbqGnsQ4RAV64x6u/s1920/thumbnail_IMG_6657.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKOA_K0V4tCKB4PpJBYCgdFVNXOgRA6Db0-W6ux6eZbCcLML91__CQcJH9n7l57wlt2_InQ4vOAly21lReevymQtC9AxoenU81zA5wXgEvBSxUb9XW392oa-szuGSgewB8kcTZkCK3ag_8jan8EBqqoLK2XQdK6ii8vMPdSes7LGTGSbqGnsQ4RAV64x6u/w400-h300/thumbnail_IMG_6657.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but this is not enough to decide the battle and the French win the field as the Gendarmes rout the final Spanish pike block.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> As you may be able to tell from the write up somehow Stuart and I managed to loose the Hemmingstedt game against an army with no one playing it, we were defeated by the AI! As we had to achieve victory points to win, and only 3 were available, the game became an attempt by the two of us to lure the units containing Slentz, the Danish king and the Dannebrog towards our own retinues where we could defeat them. This meant that we did not play the game defensively as it was a race to see who could get the victory points. We were successful to a certain extent with my retinue killing Slentz and Stuart then managing to defeat the Danish King in a manoeuvre that poached the target from under my nose! The issue was that in doing this we lost most of our troops in the fierce battle with the landsknecht or when they were caught alone and exposed in an attempt to outflank the Danes.<br /><br />We put the Danish guns at the head of the Danish King's retinue meaning that they kept activating first and, despite the foul weather rules, managing to shoot our units. As the guns were at the front this stopped the rest of the Danish troops from advancing behind them. One of the guns would always fail an activation and thus end the Danish king's turn. The knock on effect of this was that in our eagerness to get the winning victory point Stuart and myself kept attempting to outflank the Danish column with more and more units which were then picked off. As our units disappeared one by one we were suddenly surprised to realise that we couldn't win as we only had our artillery pieces left and with the Dannebrog still flying over the Danish army, which had loads of units still intact, we had been defeated. As you can imagine we had a good laugh about this terrible result!<br /><br />The second game initially looked like it was going to be a quick victory for the Spanish with the French taking a real pounding as they emerged from the river and the Spanish being completely unscathed. In command of the Spanish it was that damned churchyard that proved to be my undoing as unit after unit was fed into it only to be slain. My retinue leader, <span style="text-align: center;">Dom Diegue de Vere, rolled a blunder causing him to charge into the churchyard and instantly get shot! It was all downhill from there as the power of the French Gendarmes and disciplined ranks of the landsknecht sent the Spanish reeling despite them taking horrible losses from my two guns. It proved to be a very exciting game and a great one to end the year with.</span></div><div><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="text-align: center;">Happy New Year!</span></div><div><p></p></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-27389437982065643212023-12-01T00:29:00.000-08:002023-12-01T00:29:26.837-08:00German Peasants' War Command and Scouts<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRV-xIQmQ6Sk1oozidTTcJY5pQFdtcNCnQqbSDrwGuRmqoyVRtvCpoODOgvk7Ofck7mBehLWJslFos_76AHiXwyJs8u9y0FUjEQYaWSDmbpm2KPW6mT3jmpIfISJQPAhptaDVtO0NYTS3CuQnD-pPdOvftjUWYMWmsUZ9J5TywpulyRuNL7nGpsCMzwmhu/s2588/1.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2588" data-original-width="1992" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRV-xIQmQ6Sk1oozidTTcJY5pQFdtcNCnQqbSDrwGuRmqoyVRtvCpoODOgvk7Ofck7mBehLWJslFos_76AHiXwyJs8u9y0FUjEQYaWSDmbpm2KPW6mT3jmpIfISJQPAhptaDVtO0NYTS3CuQnD-pPdOvftjUWYMWmsUZ9J5TywpulyRuNL7nGpsCMzwmhu/w308-h400/1.JPG" width="308" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>Today's post shows a couple of bases newly completed to compliment the units of peasants I have recently painted. Whilst I've tried to make the bulk of the peasants as generic as possible, so they can be used in Tudor and German Peasants' Wars games with some of them also being useful for various town militias, these two bases are very much particular to the German Peasants War of 1524-1526.</p><p>The first base shows a radical preacher, a peasant captain and a landsknecht with a couple of standards behind them. One of the "standards" is simply a peasant boot atop a pole with the lace hanging down. This represents the "Bundschuh" or band shoe, as the peasants organised themselves into relatively well organised bands during their uprisings and this was sometimes used as their emblem, as an actual boot or on a banner. Douglas Miller's excellent book "The German Peasant's War 1524-1526" seems to indicate that the "Bundschuh" flag was perhaps not really that common in the wars. The "Bundschuh" movement was earlier, referring to a series of uprisings in Germany that took place between 1493 and 1517. Miller states "<i>In the summer of 1524, the first uprisings of the Peasants' War took place in an area of the earlier Bundschuh conspiracies in southwestern Germany, but this emblem depicting a form of leather shoe held together by straps, seldom appeared during the war</i>". Miller goes on to state two flags bearing the symbol have survived from the period whilst a third is referred to in a Metz Chronicle. The banner does appear in a contemporary stained glassed window and in a later, 1539, woodcut which is shown below. <br /><br />I think the inclusion of the shoe and the Preacher really help to set this command base firmly in the German Peasants' wars of the 1520s. The landsknecht with the two handed sword and the preacher are Warlord Games figures. The peasant captain and standard bearer holding the pole with the shoe are Steel Fist miniatures and the landsknecht standard bearer is an old Wargames Foundry miniature.<br /></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ8J0Vaq7oZZsX4As30qaFLgeMt0EMUy5W_MzuY9IdTJf4IEuVYLW1KPRHVlu_3DMGj72qd2TvDDAxd_ZR_jvj7QOHKNgTicjxNtcUYugjpMgQzFHFCUkD3XqbfJZrL0-ruWbzZ9nfJNZDVzGx31llNmR3FJ-8JwWw964xs82LJYe_rF6QEMfAt4RpYpri/s3096/2.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3096" data-original-width="2516" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ8J0Vaq7oZZsX4As30qaFLgeMt0EMUy5W_MzuY9IdTJf4IEuVYLW1KPRHVlu_3DMGj72qd2TvDDAxd_ZR_jvj7QOHKNgTicjxNtcUYugjpMgQzFHFCUkD3XqbfJZrL0-ruWbzZ9nfJNZDVzGx31llNmR3FJ-8JwWw964xs82LJYe_rF6QEMfAt4RpYpri/w325-h400/2.JPG" width="325" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the command base from behind. This picture gives a clearer view of the "Bundschuh" carried on the end of a pole.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixLEIR7-evI4z6qxLxi3SwdTx33eH6AUWHioGKLa1CFuVSLqUUiTwbk9A2ubROqOwN_MIWSL4TLBXkT8CNrgsMSbUDV43Hgo80txGHBz8BXtA_P-pWAiWqz2xNOO_zfwVxug7B-m0lwA0WXUwnwjOCCzWtuJKScxGG-Btlgf5cbxvpfH47tgL4arATadvx/s1128/Bundschuhfahne_Holzschnitt_1539_Petrarcas_Trostspiegel.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="1128" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixLEIR7-evI4z6qxLxi3SwdTx33eH6AUWHioGKLa1CFuVSLqUUiTwbk9A2ubROqOwN_MIWSL4TLBXkT8CNrgsMSbUDV43Hgo80txGHBz8BXtA_P-pWAiWqz2xNOO_zfwVxug7B-m0lwA0WXUwnwjOCCzWtuJKScxGG-Btlgf5cbxvpfH47tgL4arATadvx/w400-h244/Bundschuhfahne_Holzschnitt_1539_Petrarcas_Trostspiegel.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1539 Woodcut showing a "Bundschuh" image on a banner.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The second base completed for the German Peasants' wars collection shows two mounted scouts. The peasant armies were woefully short of cavalry during their 1520s uprisings, this being one of the main reasons for their brutal defeats. They lacked the suitable horses and did not have the same mounted training at arms that the ruling classes had. One troop of "peasant" horse is recorded in the Mühlhausen band led by Claus Pfannenschmidt but the mounted troops the peasants did have would be used a scouts and messengers, which is what I have chosen to depict here.<p></p><p>The figures are both from the old Front Rank miniature Wars of the Roses range, now sold by Gripping Beast. Although for the Wars of the Roses the sculpts look like they have been based on the below 1517 image from the <span style="text-align: center;">Triumphal Procession of Emperor Maximilian I (I have seen this image attributed to both Albrecht Altdorfer and Hans Burgkmair so haven't put a name below it). The figures have had the whips they were carrying replaced with lances, in case they encounter any hostile cavalry on their scouting missions. As with the first base they really have the period feel and will add some character to the German Peasants army.</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizZf9qCLZQRzBotBKnTljF_KO1JkRFYXOqfUgk50uYH-EcUtpEXtaG0feXAxtOxSxt4ILM8oGSd0UGKSLYudWsbjXfVM8ekdekpxjV8QSsJ5cBJZBWSPtuUIevZFZS8mfFSzupUPZeG-rPaShp_M_a1BrOB8beZKayK8QqjTcFb9V2wgxp9_8vkX-tEXZN/s547/Albrecht%20Altdorfer%20-%20Baggage%20with%20two%20horsemen%20c1517%20Triumphal%20Procession%20of%20Emperor%20Maximilian%20I.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="424" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizZf9qCLZQRzBotBKnTljF_KO1JkRFYXOqfUgk50uYH-EcUtpEXtaG0feXAxtOxSxt4ILM8oGSd0UGKSLYudWsbjXfVM8ekdekpxjV8QSsJ5cBJZBWSPtuUIevZFZS8mfFSzupUPZeG-rPaShp_M_a1BrOB8beZKayK8QqjTcFb9V2wgxp9_8vkX-tEXZN/w310-h400/Albrecht%20Altdorfer%20-%20Baggage%20with%20two%20horsemen%20c1517%20Triumphal%20Procession%20of%20Emperor%20Maximilian%20I.jpg" width="310" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Two horsemen from Triumphal Procession of Emperor Maximilian I c.1517.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnpF0QDyHukwAAOlkrfbzJo6PnIe8gxnG41MkPwz9vLY8kYk5YKwqO2YWKnGHtGSHvehKYmPJHoVFE4qp2nA8WXJ2Yq73GEPs4lrfgc6VY3SieEa5I6rCyb-zcP63taYKcupKL8iMca_ZgADpxFMO6DCVhVnLMK37nAf8Qx3n5THoiqQpRBSui1fY8l18G/s2340/P1140989.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2340" data-original-width="2320" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnpF0QDyHukwAAOlkrfbzJo6PnIe8gxnG41MkPwz9vLY8kYk5YKwqO2YWKnGHtGSHvehKYmPJHoVFE4qp2nA8WXJ2Yq73GEPs4lrfgc6VY3SieEa5I6rCyb-zcP63taYKcupKL8iMca_ZgADpxFMO6DCVhVnLMK37nAf8Qx3n5THoiqQpRBSui1fY8l18G/w396-h400/P1140989.JPG" width="396" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Two mounted peasant scouts who have been keeping and eye on the movements of the Swabian League.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-81043036645903063522023-11-12T11:51:00.000-08:002023-11-12T12:06:36.503-08:00"they determined to repulse fyer by fier", Perkin Warbeck's assault on Exeter, September 1497<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYdQJ0lm4006dscFeTKMo5HpuPkTERAW66RGZLeS7JNI8R2MF_G6BVfRdqgDjcRWfCjROuhOAUi8ah3gPm1juiECAqYPG8akEtoIZ28otFp0B19ASe1ClzV0BjJqf3gmuekPyIe_S1aZl1cf50PwSas5wifjSJoc52nrX6gwydlTcvuZFAkFxYH57WL1nr/s1920/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYdQJ0lm4006dscFeTKMo5HpuPkTERAW66RGZLeS7JNI8R2MF_G6BVfRdqgDjcRWfCjROuhOAUi8ah3gPm1juiECAqYPG8akEtoIZ28otFp0B19ASe1ClzV0BjJqf3gmuekPyIe_S1aZl1cf50PwSas5wifjSJoc52nrX6gwydlTcvuZFAkFxYH57WL1nr/w400-h300/1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div>This weekend Stuart visited and we played two games set at the very end of the 15th century. We decided to revisit two characters who have featured in our wargames before, the Yorkist pretender to the throne, Perkin Warbeck, and the Tudor professional soldier, Sir Edward Poynings.<div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5boY3iiMjiynCYA3jv_zVvroHOdhTvRa0v0zW24yWFB_3l7jKv9Q0jKN3JDWAVIh_SUfkgvAzlCDbhBUB7LUuK5GA-aRjZ2reNCE9GQYVEETOARxhmkfDI8Yn96o5lysUhs3FPMn0gCtBl6bOk3iAaWanZ6TnR0r8oRCz2d5pD3qOBRvhBAZHUuI-Ok-D/s1189/1a%20Exeter%201597.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="940" data-original-width="1189" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5boY3iiMjiynCYA3jv_zVvroHOdhTvRa0v0zW24yWFB_3l7jKv9Q0jKN3JDWAVIh_SUfkgvAzlCDbhBUB7LUuK5GA-aRjZ2reNCE9GQYVEETOARxhmkfDI8Yn96o5lysUhs3FPMn0gCtBl6bOk3iAaWanZ6TnR0r8oRCz2d5pD3qOBRvhBAZHUuI-Ok-D/w400-h316/1a%20Exeter%201597.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A map of Exeter in 1597. The attacks on the 17th and 18th of September 1497 were made against the north gate, shown on the left of the above image, and the east gate, shown at the top of the image. The scenario we played out focused on the attack through the destroyed east gate in the early hours of the 18th September 1497.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>Perkin Warbeck's assault on Exeter</u><br /><br /></div><div>The year 1497 saw the Yorkist pretender Perkin Warbeck remain a persistent threat to the Tudor monarch, Henry VII. Following his failed attempts to raise rebellions in England and Ireland in the summer of 1495, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/02/warbeck-deal-and-waterford-1495.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/02/warbeck-deal-and-waterford-1495.html</a>, Warbeck sought refuge in Scotland where the Scottish King, James IV, was initially happy to use him as a pawn to taunt Henry VII. With Warbeck in tow James invaded Northumberland in September 1496 plundering the local population and destroying fortifications at Twizel, Tillmouth, Duddo, Branxton and Howtel. Hearing that the English were raising an army at Newcastle James then retreated back across the border. </div><div><br /></div><div>Keen to strike back at the Scot's Henry VII raised taxes across England the following year. Cornwall suffered particularly badly due to the monarch's interference with the tin-mining industry. This sparked a rebellion that was only quelled following the Cornish rebel's march on London and their defeat at the Battle of Blackheath, also known as the Battle of Deptford Bridge, on 17 June 1497. The border raids between England and Scotland continued into the summer of 1497 but with the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, attempting to make peace between the two kingdoms Warbeck's presence at the Scots court became an issue. It seems the Spanish Ambassador, Don Pedro de Ayala, had been sent to Scotland by Ferdinand and Isabella to make it look as if the Scottish King was a potential match for their daughter Catherine of Aragon. The reality of de Ayala's mission was to undermine the position of Warbeck and protect English interests as the marriage negotiations for a match between Henry VII's eldest son, Arthur Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon were close to conclusion.<br /><br /></div><div>Regardless of the intentions behind the negotiations between Scotland, Spain and England and whether or not James was really convinced by the proposal of a Spanish marriage Warbeck left Scotland with three ships in July of 1497, whilst the Scots were still at war with the English. James IV would besiege Norham Castle for the first time in August 1497. Initially, whether by design or bad weather, Warbeck landed in Ireland arriving in Munster where again he attempted to take control of Waterford as in 1495 but again the city was in no mood to support his rebellion, its citizens instead informing the earls of Kildare and Desmond, who were now reconciled with the Tudor regime. Warbeck and his band of rebels fled Ireland being pursued by four ships from Waterford. </div><div><br /></div><div>On the 7 September 1497 Warbeck and perhaps 120 fellow rebels landed at Whitesand Bay in Cornwall. Much of the population of the region was still keen to support an uprising, their defeat at Blackheath having been only three months earlier. At Penzance Warbeck raised the banners of the Duke of York. One banner showed a child escaping from a wolf, another a boy emerging from a tomb, apparently signifying his early escape from death, whilst a third showed a Red Lion of Flanders invoking a political prophecy that salvation would come from Flanders. Within a week of his landing Warbeck raised a force of around 3,000 men at Bodmin. The local sheriff attempted to stop him but the attack failed when his men deserted en masse to join the rebels. Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, raised an army to oppose the Yorkist pretender, with Plymouth even sending him soldiers dressed in green and white Tudor livery, but he too was forced to retreat and fell back to Exeter as the rebels advanced. </div><div><br /></div><div>On the afternoon of 17 September the rebel army, perhaps now numbering as many as 6,000 men, reached the walls of Exeter. Warbeck's force arrayed itself against the north and east gates of the city and called on Courtenay to surrender. Accompanied by his son William and members of the gentry such as Sir Walter Courtenay, Sir John Sapcote, Sir Piers Edgcumbe and Sir Humphrey Fulford, the Earl of Devon refused to surrender the city prompting the rebel army to attack. Warbeck's men attempted to scale the walls and force the gates but Courtenay had readied the city for an assault, his retinue including gunners who had prepared gun emplacements at the gates. Courtenay estimated three to four hundred rebels were killed in the initial assault on the afternoon of the 17 September. </div><div><br /></div><div>Early the following morning the Earl of Devon and his son William were still in their lodgings in the Blackfriars when the second assault came. Initially the rebels attempted to storm the north gate which had been badly damaged during the fighting the day before but the gunners defending Exeter drove them off. The rebel army then attacked the east gate, perhaps using a battering ram, as they were able to force their way through and into the high street. Courtenay and his men were still arming allowing the rebels to fight their way up to Castle Lane within the city. The Earl of Devon was wounded in the arm, presumably by an arrow, as he rushed to the scene of the fighting. Together the citizens and Courtenay's forces drove the rebels back out of Exeter.</div><div><br /></div><div>Hall gives a good account of the assault by Perkin's army in his chronicle: <i>"and because he (</i>Warbeck<i>) lacked ordinance to make a battrye to rase & deface the walles he studied all the weyes possible how to breake and infrynge the gates, and what with casting of stones, hevyng with yron barres & kyndeling of fier under the gates, he omitted nothing that could be devised for the furtheraunce of his ungracious purpose. The cytezens perceaving their towne to be envyronned with enemies and lyke to be enflamed, beganne at the first to be sore abashed, and let certeyn messengers by cordes downe over the walle whiche should certefie the kyng of all their necessitee & trouble. But after that, takyng to theim lusty heartea and manly courages they determined to repulse fyer by fier, & caused fagottes to be brought to the inward part of the portes and posternes and set theim all on fier, to thentent the fier being enflamed on bothe the sydes of the gates, might aswel exclude their enemies from entryng, as include the citezens fro ronnyng or fliyng out, and they in the meane ceason might make trenches and rapayres to defende their enemies in stede of gates and Bulwerkes. Thus all the doynges and attemptes of the rebellious people had evell sucesse in their first entreprice: And thus by fyer the citee was preserved from flame and burnynge. Then Perkyn beyng of very necessitee compelled to leave the gates, assaulted the toune in diverse weake and unfortefied places, and set up laders, attempting to clime over the walles and to take the cytee, thinkyng suerly to compell the cytezens either by feare or lacke of succoure to rendre theim selfes and yelde the toune. But the cytezens nothing so mynded, so courageously lyke valaut chapions defended the walles, that they slewe aboue. ii.C. of his sedicious souldiours at this assaute."</i></div><div><br /></div><div>Both sides had taken heavy casualties, the Earl of Devon later writing to Henry VII that many of his men were hurt that day. With the rebels having failed to take the city after two bloody assaults a truce was made and Warbeck departed after Courtenay had promised he would not pursue him. By the 19th of September Warbeck's army reached Taunton but by now the Tudor king had raised an army to defend the south west, his vanguard under Lord Daubney reaching Glastonbury on the same day. Warbeck fled to be captured at Beaulieu Abbey in Hampshire and was then brought to the king at Taunton on 5 October. After confessing to being an impostor Warbeck was initially treated well by Henry but following two escape attempts from his confinement he was hung in November 1499.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuY80DoSoYNgXxoucX7VtLR68wcfPtzo6OtXJpX5VSTMiuXO4jtcpVANTbR89_1sU2Wl8Ij2hHnaqHK8hfQiUZwVAu202H0YuHZ8DqMlHCPc6i3W1VgZOkA9SkLEk5hoqfD6AZah4SGNnpNzFfh5WqI31gjFoxlafhP0_bunRyfZqx83j_NLQcFii2_laY/s1920/1aa.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuY80DoSoYNgXxoucX7VtLR68wcfPtzo6OtXJpX5VSTMiuXO4jtcpVANTbR89_1sU2Wl8Ij2hHnaqHK8hfQiUZwVAu202H0YuHZ8DqMlHCPc6i3W1VgZOkA9SkLEk5hoqfD6AZah4SGNnpNzFfh5WqI31gjFoxlafhP0_bunRyfZqx83j_NLQcFii2_laY/w400-h300/1aa.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Following the attack on the city on during the afternoon of 17th September the citizens man the walls, nervously waiting so see what Warbeck and his rebel army does next.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJxDsHAtK9D1XvJAt2zEDEhYH3MrZe_wr4fM15QwGfaQsOqCRGLpdRIQIRhhke-8gYSkitdxjoA9TqpFWOMGtxM39FoyrBnbMOT4iMmlpYGzp_CFU6Pnc9OTJPo_p1obmHaqM6lHTvKWb91Are28ztR_O6It6KeVw1O-RT_jsVvt871g7uOxqaOyqv7Tod/s1920/1aaa.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJxDsHAtK9D1XvJAt2zEDEhYH3MrZe_wr4fM15QwGfaQsOqCRGLpdRIQIRhhke-8gYSkitdxjoA9TqpFWOMGtxM39FoyrBnbMOT4iMmlpYGzp_CFU6Pnc9OTJPo_p1obmHaqM6lHTvKWb91Are28ztR_O6It6KeVw1O-RT_jsVvt871g7uOxqaOyqv7Tod/w400-h300/1aaa.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Within Exeter the livestock are herded to safety...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSWQb9vK1iAkxarPosmyVYYHzQbiS7DhwRjsXBoTy1mcdf1exsnvLx2iKBV71y6NThzBbORDihtExf_LGvNUu36_NBCiD8DetOOmgkFlXaZ_ZWMCvzvoCFtlrT73c_tWaZigUxBrMtse8OzVLbEeaukHek9L1ywDWOU7CwOHC_arIkSj7HJ4niPS3Or-x2/s2322/1aaaa.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2322" data-original-width="1920" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSWQb9vK1iAkxarPosmyVYYHzQbiS7DhwRjsXBoTy1mcdf1exsnvLx2iKBV71y6NThzBbORDihtExf_LGvNUu36_NBCiD8DetOOmgkFlXaZ_ZWMCvzvoCFtlrT73c_tWaZigUxBrMtse8OzVLbEeaukHek9L1ywDWOU7CwOHC_arIkSj7HJ4niPS3Or-x2/w331-h400/1aaaa.jpg" width="331" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and the citizens arm themselves and prepare for another attack on the city walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>Scenario</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Our scenario focused on Warbeck's second assault on the early morning of 18 September and the break through of the east gate. As always we played the game using our modified Lion Rampant rules. Both armies consisted of two retinues each with one of the retinues for each army starting on in the city and the other arriving during the game. Warbeck's forces had to get as far into the city as possible and take three objectives in order to win the game whilst Sir Edward Courtenay and the citizens of Exeter had to stop him.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Deployment</u></div><div><br /></div><div>At the start of the game Perkin Warbeck's retinue was deployed within 12" of the east gate inside the city (see the overview of the table below). The citizens of Exeter were deployed within the city.</div><div><br /></div><div>Warbeck's other retinue deployed via move activations from the walls. A successful move activation would place a unit at the bottom of the wall from where they were arriving. The unit could then do nothing else that turn.</div><div><br /></div><div>On the morning of September 18th Sir Edward Courtenay's retinue was caught off guard by the early morning attack and was still arming. To represent this from the start of turn four the Courtenay and Exeter player could roll 2D6. On the first roll (at the start of turn 4) an 11+ on 2D6 would herald the arrival of Sir Edward Courtenay's retinue. The following turn a 10+ would mean they could arrive and the following turn a 9+ and so on. Sir Edward Courtenay's retinue could only enter the table via a move activation and could not shoot, attack or skirmish when first arriving. Sir Edward Courtenay's retinue would arrive via the high street at the other end of the table (see the photo below).</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Objectives</u></div><div><br /></div><div>In order to take an objective one of Warbeck's units had to be in base to base contact with it at the start of their turn, this would mean the objective was taken. If all three were taken and Warbeck was still alive then Warbeck and the rebels would win the game. The photo below shows the three objectives.</div><div><br /></div><div>If Warbeck was killed or routed from the table then Courtenay's forces and the citizens of Exeter would win.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Smoke</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Due to the citizens determination to "<i>repulse fyer by fier</i>" there were a number of large smoke clouds on the table at the start of the game (these were provided by the selfless sacrifice of a teddy bear from a charity shop!). Each turn we would roll a scatter dice and a D6 and this would determine how many inches and which direction the clouds would move for that turn. The clouds obscured line of sight and units could not shoot through them. If a unit was partially obscured by a smoke cloud they gained +1 armour if fired at by a unit that could see them. If a cloud moved off the table it was removed from play.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Trenches</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div><div>Hall describes how the citizens had made "<i>trenches and rapayres to defende their enemies in stede of gates and Bulwerkes". </i>The trenches that the citizens dug to defend the city gave +1 armour for any units within them that were targeted by missile fire and counted as difficult terrain to move across or fight in.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7gwUjSi3C4gzS1tPoIm0MDrD2zSuDdf4GtMU_5ivFcdTHhEH7FyfU9IvW8F8fY4JpVsqSAF9GPneRnCQ4A_Z6_GhLIY-Qi5-yrWJojw8Eb07NeBASFlI0W7v9RFUeY0ZAH0dYbHHd-HzX61wPzD2Ff7kWiqckmcL7vFX8fFV7pTGrxeGtYrrDOIps73G5/s1920/1b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1114" data-original-width="1920" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7gwUjSi3C4gzS1tPoIm0MDrD2zSuDdf4GtMU_5ivFcdTHhEH7FyfU9IvW8F8fY4JpVsqSAF9GPneRnCQ4A_Z6_GhLIY-Qi5-yrWJojw8Eb07NeBASFlI0W7v9RFUeY0ZAH0dYbHHd-HzX61wPzD2Ff7kWiqckmcL7vFX8fFV7pTGrxeGtYrrDOIps73G5/w400-h233/1b.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table from above. The east gate is shown to the left of the photo. Warbeck's retinue start the game within 12" of the gate whilst his other retinue start outside the walls and will enter via scaling ladders. The objectives Warbeck and his forces need to reach are shown above. The armed citizens of Exeter are deployed within the city whilst Sir Edward Courtenay and his retinue will arrive from the right of the photo during the game.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxScRvgBalcMjlSJzJvtt_KaUkUtPXQXQCIXKf2-4_sMgu8vjhCx5SV-zqPkrpLsrNaS9kHgESdl87UB4kFU2r06_o7ocE_tyuLy7adMl6YuRaBIHLMFZYT9vJsTl-ZLwpFuAr3YzoKZ96ytzZjqnUwHTXLtpih8RtN1ZtXFmzL2R2VqastyIHB4iorrYI/s3748/P1140643.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3104" data-original-width="3748" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxScRvgBalcMjlSJzJvtt_KaUkUtPXQXQCIXKf2-4_sMgu8vjhCx5SV-zqPkrpLsrNaS9kHgESdl87UB4kFU2r06_o7ocE_tyuLy7adMl6YuRaBIHLMFZYT9vJsTl-ZLwpFuAr3YzoKZ96ytzZjqnUwHTXLtpih8RtN1ZtXFmzL2R2VqastyIHB4iorrYI/w400-h331/P1140643.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table showing half of Warbeck's troops deployed around the gate with the other half about to scale the walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu6SusIHs5JD7Xk62kAfZ78igLljwoyaKKHj7H3-lb9LY5lb6dpYpVC6diY9uahvyhTmCwFODdNEmEh2-CcXGggvdg5ywu_B88xu4td9uPEWwJE_x_PqiCSMHusnS5MqWhcpBtiuO4UCe3-MdwN_L7ovI11jmyrOOHvXWqv8ywX_HqboGdPYdYyxun7OoU/s4056/P1140652.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3128" data-original-width="4056" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu6SusIHs5JD7Xk62kAfZ78igLljwoyaKKHj7H3-lb9LY5lb6dpYpVC6diY9uahvyhTmCwFODdNEmEh2-CcXGggvdg5ywu_B88xu4td9uPEWwJE_x_PqiCSMHusnS5MqWhcpBtiuO4UCe3-MdwN_L7ovI11jmyrOOHvXWqv8ywX_HqboGdPYdYyxun7OoU/w400-h309/P1140652.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Perkin Warbeck, here shown with a Yorkist standard, and his retinue deployed as if they have just broken through the east gate.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihaTQkzHp2hy6HHqjS8zDuHUWjGT3mLEQGcDR4mT7LpMWrFU2ikIVJHGZQIcAiwbocs3jVOEBOxaFwqLZB3Ld3h4wNLZM2uKXTCprR7hw7eXfzoirLdU30RjcLwdCbgoObvYbecCtRYj3xr5KoGezklEG6WEcgoA6fYFqxY6GIaICfyzsliniZx5ajMae-/s1920/P1140660%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihaTQkzHp2hy6HHqjS8zDuHUWjGT3mLEQGcDR4mT7LpMWrFU2ikIVJHGZQIcAiwbocs3jVOEBOxaFwqLZB3Ld3h4wNLZM2uKXTCprR7hw7eXfzoirLdU30RjcLwdCbgoObvYbecCtRYj3xr5KoGezklEG6WEcgoA6fYFqxY6GIaICfyzsliniZx5ajMae-/w300-h400/P1140660%20(2).jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The citizens have dug a trench across the streets and set fire to parts of the city in an attempt to prevent Exeter being taken by assault.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u><br /><br />Stuart chose to play Sir Edward Courtenay and the defenders of the city so I took command of Perkin Warbeck and his rebel army. As with our previous Warbeck games:<a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/02/warbeck-deal-and-waterford-1495.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/02/warbeck-deal-and-waterford-1495.html</a>, we used Yorkist banners to represent his army as he was a Yorkist pretender to the throne.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Perkin Warbeck and the Cornish Rebels<br /><br /></u></div><div><u>Perkin Warbeck's Retinue deployed inside the east gate</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Perkin Warbeck - retinue leader)</div><div>2 Units of Shire Bill </div><div>2 Units of Shire Archers </div><div>4 Units of Peasants </div><div><br /></div><div><u>Rebel Retinue scaling the walls</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Warbeck's mercenaries - retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Garrison Bill (Warbeck's remaining professional troops)<br />1 Unit of Shire Archers </div><div>2 Units of Shire Bill </div><div>2 Units of Peasants </div><div><br /></div><div><u>Sir Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, and the citizens of Exeter</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div><div><u>Sir Edward Courtenay's Retinue</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Sir Edward Courtenay - retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (William Courtenay) </div><div>2 Units of Garrison Archers </div><div>1 Unit of Garrison Bill </div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Citizens of Exeter</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Shire Bill (retinue leader) </div><div>2 Units of Shire Archers </div><div>2 Culverins </div><div>5 Units of Peasants </div><div>2 Organ Guns </div><div><br /></div><div>As always a brief write up of the game follows. In this case it is very brief as due to a foolish move by one of the protagonists things were brought to an unexpected end! Reading the photo captions is also a great way to follow the action.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR5kzVWP7GTJfS2QRo3P2y4E7K6lzOa9EcXj7Zv0kiwqWbAypccpYhwV41yqjitNxdgvsmowFHglTTuqA4XTDvi0i9pZ31SV2Dsw4olM2SClXSabu6bnz2Mpixw1J5ztNf1Mr6QMXOPxI0HuXw13DRLa2wcf1X-Z7_2YgYv6IseS_WIIwFEjmeCEdv7Xo0/s1920/P1140683%20(3).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR5kzVWP7GTJfS2QRo3P2y4E7K6lzOa9EcXj7Zv0kiwqWbAypccpYhwV41yqjitNxdgvsmowFHglTTuqA4XTDvi0i9pZ31SV2Dsw4olM2SClXSabu6bnz2Mpixw1J5ztNf1Mr6QMXOPxI0HuXw13DRLa2wcf1X-Z7_2YgYv6IseS_WIIwFEjmeCEdv7Xo0/w400-h300/P1140683%20(3).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The attack begins and Warbeck's Cornish rebels storm the trench in the city.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHT9STiOgAG5k9JT8157pkczFj2V2U50DfAz7-RE3njTTnpGn24v7ZafvMmljBwdOq9CqxDpWMcecE5PndyfQY-Mm3_5eF0ca0tPNwB42y-scfGh3eVqgQ5tM4Ico57zWPqG0EwVzt0L7A93XaE4-_OpAcLvJmyBju7RGktNCsO2XDL3flIzec1r6KaYyq/s1920/P1140683%20(5).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHT9STiOgAG5k9JT8157pkczFj2V2U50DfAz7-RE3njTTnpGn24v7ZafvMmljBwdOq9CqxDpWMcecE5PndyfQY-Mm3_5eF0ca0tPNwB42y-scfGh3eVqgQ5tM4Ico57zWPqG0EwVzt0L7A93XaE4-_OpAcLvJmyBju7RGktNCsO2XDL3flIzec1r6KaYyq/w400-h300/P1140683%20(5).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The rebels advance into the city.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLJgAZ2LgzgtQvgjhdGiMGWAjmYQphLzp6Ci8ePKKzkYCZT8xFhTekvtA9zwOuOTG5pQ4oltG3_s47lw3EPRQzCNgKKthMOMiqr9wBPM-uX8xg3MFVs3PSHWPohio5qjfmP-A0yd0zKnwUTiElkC6AU4U4okikZvBcqe2cdXf7Rpl3eke4bTQpQzWjrV5_/s4608/P1140683.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLJgAZ2LgzgtQvgjhdGiMGWAjmYQphLzp6Ci8ePKKzkYCZT8xFhTekvtA9zwOuOTG5pQ4oltG3_s47lw3EPRQzCNgKKthMOMiqr9wBPM-uX8xg3MFVs3PSHWPohio5qjfmP-A0yd0zKnwUTiElkC6AU4U4okikZvBcqe2cdXf7Rpl3eke4bTQpQzWjrV5_/w400-h300/P1140683.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the rebels push forward the city is engulfed in flame and smoke.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPs1DP8iEdH6PTO83oShJd0nuZe3etjfU5Q0wzFvYu86CkX9WjuZ9tvqZ2b0dslhiFwJyJIlNDG1iBqtT42Ijd1-uT8ZOrSUvD2qAsc7fe9PwIm7Vywq3vs6ozCemAiOHr4msAdJwBdKUKRv9CYiQ8j0sh5LWJ-QBXZaDxWLA4cQUTdOZOFfPrkfEmhgMV/s4608/P1140706.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPs1DP8iEdH6PTO83oShJd0nuZe3etjfU5Q0wzFvYu86CkX9WjuZ9tvqZ2b0dslhiFwJyJIlNDG1iBqtT42Ijd1-uT8ZOrSUvD2qAsc7fe9PwIm7Vywq3vs6ozCemAiOHr4msAdJwBdKUKRv9CYiQ8j0sh5LWJ-QBXZaDxWLA4cQUTdOZOFfPrkfEmhgMV/w400-h300/P1140706.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Warbeck's troops pour into Exeter.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRuh3PCmHGqoGKsyULYkJaZkQ-icVU49NLeMy2hhCSMOxKUEHLd053FTVD9GbURpUdW3vcUOrI94VUkraLeWG080by601lMx8t79BM4wA9VGJg8xbu0aZi3P8hMkjnRB6_Jetk7yYF7W-5qs2rwZp_BXvtXrSglCG4zo35OWJAUnA9Ls6qc7iJEd0sXo7D/s4608/P1140715.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRuh3PCmHGqoGKsyULYkJaZkQ-icVU49NLeMy2hhCSMOxKUEHLd053FTVD9GbURpUdW3vcUOrI94VUkraLeWG080by601lMx8t79BM4wA9VGJg8xbu0aZi3P8hMkjnRB6_Jetk7yYF7W-5qs2rwZp_BXvtXrSglCG4zo35OWJAUnA9Ls6qc7iJEd0sXo7D/w400-h300/P1140715.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rebel archers and billmen advance across the abandoned trench of the defenders.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga0NziyGCByJgIuLmpYlSLVgaFqpsRSsSHPbLJrde8NnYpH-WH0Ri1-WtoP57TZqkAWjuORUMIDhPnfircXsKmlUZDGk9w1QuWrmuGqNiXSZaLfGPRjgn_FD-yshORPjjTXEGDwoaF2JznmWp5JQCqvGL_mFdnU6pLvpKvhXJ6kPDHOghWtN95QnpcJNCV/s4348/P1140750.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2880" data-original-width="4348" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga0NziyGCByJgIuLmpYlSLVgaFqpsRSsSHPbLJrde8NnYpH-WH0Ri1-WtoP57TZqkAWjuORUMIDhPnfircXsKmlUZDGk9w1QuWrmuGqNiXSZaLfGPRjgn_FD-yshORPjjTXEGDwoaF2JznmWp5JQCqvGL_mFdnU6pLvpKvhXJ6kPDHOghWtN95QnpcJNCV/w400-h265/P1140750.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fierce street fighting takes place between the citizen militia and Warbeck's rebels.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The early hours of September 18th had seen an attack launched on the north gate of Exeter but this was quickly driven off by the gunners defending the walls. As soon as this attack stopped a second attempt was made against the east gate. This time the rebels were more successful and within moments they were through the gate and into the city. Other rebels scaled the walls and joined the assault. Both the attackers and defenders had set fire to parts of the city and the smoke seemed to play to the advantage of the attackers allowing them to push forward undercover. The attackers found the trench the defenders had dug to be undefended and were easily able to cross it, and enter the city streets.<br /><br />It was in the city streets that the fighting really began with Warbeck's troops clashing with the armed citizens of Exeter. The city's archers were unable to clearly see the attackers in the smoke which meant that most of the fighting was hand to hand. The attackers took casualties but by sheer force of numbers they were able to force the defenders back and begin to take over the eastern part of the city.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTwJkUc5W0LplyaHZdrl6usssq17u4wCvlz-q5NoQXGYmaJc0G7HjcjvfkZ_BrDVj6QIeJiK7kwG5SVDixiDUGx3iAyA9uZfnGrAOu-GEjFSt5uO5vCED0tuKL4TFa6bA2QqEvcMrccD2H484WltcSL6BKzUbetZtN0nMNdJ81mbqa5xjUqR51Fqlk4Ln9/s2560/P1140751.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="1920" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTwJkUc5W0LplyaHZdrl6usssq17u4wCvlz-q5NoQXGYmaJc0G7HjcjvfkZ_BrDVj6QIeJiK7kwG5SVDixiDUGx3iAyA9uZfnGrAOu-GEjFSt5uO5vCED0tuKL4TFa6bA2QqEvcMrccD2H484WltcSL6BKzUbetZtN0nMNdJ81mbqa5xjUqR51Fqlk4Ln9/w300-h400/P1140751.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Whilst the castle cannot be stormed by the rebels the streets around it fill with the sounds of battle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb_8Fdjh7dvM3E2mqcd-pk4A-7tmEYmvPLDFPlQH0BYNTE6tbmDvvrsko6PQw5Tm1QWc9c3ZnzpOVZK1PopKeRZUlkFRd1dDwkireRVVYgK7kjb4mPPTIVwycp73OtdfjDyvE83wrUYtjWBT9qkYp2STYQRHl3Asd0dT82I3az2r1J4Z7PJhyphenhyphensYdX9DIFY/s1880/P1140761%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1880" data-original-width="1410" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb_8Fdjh7dvM3E2mqcd-pk4A-7tmEYmvPLDFPlQH0BYNTE6tbmDvvrsko6PQw5Tm1QWc9c3ZnzpOVZK1PopKeRZUlkFRd1dDwkireRVVYgK7kjb4mPPTIVwycp73OtdfjDyvE83wrUYtjWBT9qkYp2STYQRHl3Asd0dT82I3az2r1J4Z7PJhyphenhyphensYdX9DIFY/w300-h400/P1140761%20(2).jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from the east gate into the city. As the rebels push forward the top of the photo shows that Sir Edward Courtenay and his men have arrived, hastily rushing to the gate from their lodgings in the Blackfriars.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjkUoOmQJRlpvQqSz1ojrtGlzAODMqSiOqgYvMEzXqbzeem0Vahta1aNgYpv307wfgeKbSm7MHWCudWlrDOQH5bTKy6vyU3J7sBZBwdwDMg2MuNPDXdJgAemc6sggP7zZlVcI4bQYwNYvQ3fuvAIBiVesL9_Mftvjk-Z_I-rGVAYI8i3J0lDW19PXVUUhB/s3640/P1140761.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3640" data-original-width="3016" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjkUoOmQJRlpvQqSz1ojrtGlzAODMqSiOqgYvMEzXqbzeem0Vahta1aNgYpv307wfgeKbSm7MHWCudWlrDOQH5bTKy6vyU3J7sBZBwdwDMg2MuNPDXdJgAemc6sggP7zZlVcI4bQYwNYvQ3fuvAIBiVesL9_Mftvjk-Z_I-rGVAYI8i3J0lDW19PXVUUhB/w331-h400/P1140761.JPG" width="331" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Yorkist Pretender's men have pushed up the high street but their path is blocked by the defenders guns. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivvt_1xNJIYLTGXdS9jlIeRXP-UFmbq2KguS3B1Jx4xjkg-b2hG3D5G1wQ1HJ2J16XYNmNBFAyEKHMrERNRbtvdp1_9n0BJ6_EDgVBP7MHqSY_XVemau9G7gnlUGUnvu_toaGBkS3QnlzvuK6behdmq0Ur8YK3OhTNR0Q_kmBD2OQhyphenhyphen_IHMlJgXnqV8JXr/s3876/P1140766.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2944" data-original-width="3876" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivvt_1xNJIYLTGXdS9jlIeRXP-UFmbq2KguS3B1Jx4xjkg-b2hG3D5G1wQ1HJ2J16XYNmNBFAyEKHMrERNRbtvdp1_9n0BJ6_EDgVBP7MHqSY_XVemau9G7gnlUGUnvu_toaGBkS3QnlzvuK6behdmq0Ur8YK3OhTNR0Q_kmBD2OQhyphenhyphen_IHMlJgXnqV8JXr/w400-h304/P1140766.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the side streets the Cornish rebels overwhelm units of defenders.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMfZYvovUvBq-_ZatIRZxTFsVuchV2mWCo4FGQcFcU6vGV_6dx6we9y20a4T6DuRxzl2lDg6tNYq2ugI9a_WZe-aIvLQrJ6Iod2ybE7m_p1Y5yDaSbos7qK5EsjTXY5aW-m4x-BWaZ2XFhifmmOwxIR77C9uEMdkjgYSiwGGqjEmCyLJI30P0hUuMvz7E_/s4340/P1140773.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2020" data-original-width="4340" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMfZYvovUvBq-_ZatIRZxTFsVuchV2mWCo4FGQcFcU6vGV_6dx6we9y20a4T6DuRxzl2lDg6tNYq2ugI9a_WZe-aIvLQrJ6Iod2ybE7m_p1Y5yDaSbos7qK5EsjTXY5aW-m4x-BWaZ2XFhifmmOwxIR77C9uEMdkjgYSiwGGqjEmCyLJI30P0hUuMvz7E_/w400-h186/P1140773.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir Edward Courtenay and his son, William, rush to defend the streets.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8BmnKCQZ-EdOMIS6wCnZgKc6ij5GsDCWh4gaYfxO2cH4dzbO2r4KhBXx2le9AYknTQiMalJmKQ8i_nRqviKZsEbfywMwtGeKaa67SrhuVMy725OrQZ7dTq1mVJXUsb9uT0UAltAwwls-NthlLqaLNBdOi-zyFMPQfydP7wFL3ok7xfZE8F_wMAVU6dg-p/s4608/P1140777.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2992" data-original-width="4608" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8BmnKCQZ-EdOMIS6wCnZgKc6ij5GsDCWh4gaYfxO2cH4dzbO2r4KhBXx2le9AYknTQiMalJmKQ8i_nRqviKZsEbfywMwtGeKaa67SrhuVMy725OrQZ7dTq1mVJXUsb9uT0UAltAwwls-NthlLqaLNBdOi-zyFMPQfydP7wFL3ok7xfZE8F_wMAVU6dg-p/w400-h260/P1140777.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the eastern end of the city the fighting continues...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTQ-gg_K2qPNprNxtj2WTaUencLo7HzqykSRd2I5QbZouH-jt-uHAGKzr5E_wsH_iKwJAnfm5iLwONqbd1WsclYsXnF59zE8Ap5ARFD4CPDP9QpIO7jZZPdt6_AnFrWNuV4YA0zxUAuvl6dP3LV-izQ7ECsCUT1LOyfymo-dzVVRCCds1UuA-9KBgLsbQ/s4240/P1140801.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3040" data-original-width="4240" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTQ-gg_K2qPNprNxtj2WTaUencLo7HzqykSRd2I5QbZouH-jt-uHAGKzr5E_wsH_iKwJAnfm5iLwONqbd1WsclYsXnF59zE8Ap5ARFD4CPDP9QpIO7jZZPdt6_AnFrWNuV4YA0zxUAuvl6dP3LV-izQ7ECsCUT1LOyfymo-dzVVRCCds1UuA-9KBgLsbQ/w400-h286/P1140801.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...as the attackers surge across the trench and into Exeter.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPHzrgdwnRO5pUPsAwIz61wfCHjmJGYr1CDHrV0AUXcMZgcZZRfAOU2DiGwU3BCFcqXl23u0uHcf_Q4cNsN1ufggkjDw6GBl2J7O2yvrpctnqYQBFM8xNRF3ojLbt_3TIYRbjHqar7TZhshaiaQxbwouwUxuwtQDOf_QAVYm_gRf4Gd7odgZhCqZvtdOM3/s3456/P1140806.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3216" data-original-width="3456" height="373" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPHzrgdwnRO5pUPsAwIz61wfCHjmJGYr1CDHrV0AUXcMZgcZZRfAOU2DiGwU3BCFcqXl23u0uHcf_Q4cNsN1ufggkjDw6GBl2J7O2yvrpctnqYQBFM8xNRF3ojLbt_3TIYRbjHqar7TZhshaiaQxbwouwUxuwtQDOf_QAVYm_gRf4Gd7odgZhCqZvtdOM3/w400-h373/P1140806.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir Edward Courtenay and his men rally the defenders.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />It looked as if things were going well for the Yorkist pretender and his rag tag army as unit by unit the city's defenders were defeated or pushed back. At the end of the high street Sir Edward Courtenay with his retainers and accompanying gentry arrived from their lodgings in the Blackfriars. They charged down the street preparing to engage with Warbeck's men and hopefully drive them back out of Exeter. <br /><br />Sensing a decisive moment in the assault Perkin Warbeck ran to the head of the attack in an attempt to stir his troops and lead them to victory. He was accompanied by his armoured bodyguard, the few remaining men who had been loyal to him throughout his adventures in Ireland and Scotland. As they charged up the high street they ran headlong into the defender's trap. From a side street a storm of arrows was unleashed into them whilst the city gunners opened fire sending shot bouncing down the high street. Warbeck and his men were caught in the crossfire and slain! With the the pretender dead the word spread in minutes and the attack faltered. The gunners had certainly earnt their wages. The rebels withdrew and Exeter was saved.</div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYOBI-ZgvtBBqlu5hdX7iUYkXB2XpaQKjgZVwwCyIS-EhSncqKBisRWWGl_VlDe0tRXwvE6mPvGvN7gZC_Mol_Em6gl0uugIbMcoBTRtxMN3cQmdpVnfplrLlGDramlxyJfwnxhBpmAEyeFjJmeqYE70HhjsJDpFEnPiwZmgaaQl44Tjs_PNKZqSvuw4jo/s3364/P1140808.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2664" data-original-width="3364" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYOBI-ZgvtBBqlu5hdX7iUYkXB2XpaQKjgZVwwCyIS-EhSncqKBisRWWGl_VlDe0tRXwvE6mPvGvN7gZC_Mol_Em6gl0uugIbMcoBTRtxMN3cQmdpVnfplrLlGDramlxyJfwnxhBpmAEyeFjJmeqYE70HhjsJDpFEnPiwZmgaaQl44Tjs_PNKZqSvuw4jo/w400-h316/P1140808.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The gunners open fire on the attackers as they swarm down the high street.</td></tr></tbody></table>.<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhITrHdtbvRZe2-hi0wAopQHyKBB9t3cpYpikxcamVgR4dWrca3RYUU6ylFtrqEEpUVSvZ8vQ4awGlRx9rmtgebRJ_K4etHK5NvhBq8ws4nTL21PEYewqrqaRYKx8pp_EVkZEPepH7dmz-dHhmrxJDzs6rnU_S_BMM9h3Su63veEhtxHuc_CCycHaho0cib/s1920/P1140809.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhITrHdtbvRZe2-hi0wAopQHyKBB9t3cpYpikxcamVgR4dWrca3RYUU6ylFtrqEEpUVSvZ8vQ4awGlRx9rmtgebRJ_K4etHK5NvhBq8ws4nTL21PEYewqrqaRYKx8pp_EVkZEPepH7dmz-dHhmrxJDzs6rnU_S_BMM9h3Su63veEhtxHuc_CCycHaho0cib/w300-h400/P1140809.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Exeter's defenders look on anxiously as Warbeck's men press forward. They still carry their torches having set the gates on fire in an attempt to prevent the attackers from breaking through.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF-7lrPa_lMIcqeZRe33VrRuFKQ2L-dxE7t_ZXJNzBncmg4CyO1QOY_2CnSNpaTZL679r30dyA0x0lyNvDYQtNZNS1lXKTfeJTjFFDLtf-gl9vPNoc03MKKElYtx87k7QN5FCKoHux6ioJdyyZLdo-XcbYi2WbYZ8hrPEPCbvSfKMVVnr_2Wu1kUghWUWE/s4608/P1140817.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF-7lrPa_lMIcqeZRe33VrRuFKQ2L-dxE7t_ZXJNzBncmg4CyO1QOY_2CnSNpaTZL679r30dyA0x0lyNvDYQtNZNS1lXKTfeJTjFFDLtf-gl9vPNoc03MKKElYtx87k7QN5FCKoHux6ioJdyyZLdo-XcbYi2WbYZ8hrPEPCbvSfKMVVnr_2Wu1kUghWUWE/w400-h300/P1140817.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Warbeck himself advances into the city...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixFMKxc27YJ3xa_mJqFd1viJFJbv9liQxxDc9KTCbbT0QG-UXOAI_uoxz0l557eVT_KwEVjbNtEwPokRTXVbwtk063HjXSK7FKmM9uVs19wPT8xMsBaVK4zGKER4Gto65JJ4sebQPQ_ZAwb1KInbCBKUh4OuRPwH83buQqtp8_cqyOctKoup6MPrZfItHQ/s4608/P1140831.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixFMKxc27YJ3xa_mJqFd1viJFJbv9liQxxDc9KTCbbT0QG-UXOAI_uoxz0l557eVT_KwEVjbNtEwPokRTXVbwtk063HjXSK7FKmM9uVs19wPT8xMsBaVK4zGKER4Gto65JJ4sebQPQ_ZAwb1KInbCBKUh4OuRPwH83buQqtp8_cqyOctKoup6MPrZfItHQ/w400-h300/P1140831.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and attempts to lead his rebel army to victory...</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Qi7kMLPO2X2QKNtMk-cCgcpUlkn_85Zdvi26jGmMIZ32Wf2jZ9wMpF0jmpbGVmcJLuBsrCbliQGhI7JRsLC074IQhXgARBbRD97lccH4z6SWNtjQvTKvdVGQCK0CNf52DFlsEKjpmTH86AQKnHmSzUi_rG08YVCVjmQZaPhLZQbIVgGDH2X6HW48pMy5/s2560/thumbnail_IMG_6194.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="1920" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Qi7kMLPO2X2QKNtMk-cCgcpUlkn_85Zdvi26jGmMIZ32Wf2jZ9wMpF0jmpbGVmcJLuBsrCbliQGhI7JRsLC074IQhXgARBbRD97lccH4z6SWNtjQvTKvdVGQCK0CNf52DFlsEKjpmTH86AQKnHmSzUi_rG08YVCVjmQZaPhLZQbIVgGDH2X6HW48pMy5/w300-h400/thumbnail_IMG_6194.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but the attack is brought to a sudden halt when the pretender is brought down in a blast of cannon fire. With Warbeck slain the attack is called off!</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMijKlChvD97s_DIZg10JIP5zqqEvQuBohN17DNqncXVS7hI4RB3PIxA6o6r1RyowWPICsgzfRuuRN2FtFRXRXtuHYzhuO7RuGzMMPMBm0rYg74JMQMSRC3bZZdWLs89jpqg4sb7WofTwDAwEeoPi_T9dgu0eiQWowqTlRhB6u2GlF5dshh78kI6ofVSt-/s1836/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1836" data-original-width="1377" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMijKlChvD97s_DIZg10JIP5zqqEvQuBohN17DNqncXVS7hI4RB3PIxA6o6r1RyowWPICsgzfRuuRN2FtFRXRXtuHYzhuO7RuGzMMPMBm0rYg74JMQMSRC3bZZdWLs89jpqg4sb7WofTwDAwEeoPi_T9dgu0eiQWowqTlRhB6u2GlF5dshh78kI6ofVSt-/w300-h400/1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>For our second game we revisited Ireland and Sir Edward Poynings's attempts to quell unrest there during Henry VII's reign.</div><div><u><br /></u></div><div><u>Sir Edward Poyning's Siege of Carlow Castle, March to July 1495<br /><br /></u></div><div>Following Sir Edward Poyning's campaign in Northern Ireland in the autumn of 1594, <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/09/poynings-in-ireland.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/09/poynings-in-ireland.html</a>, he returned to Dublin believing that Gerald FitzGerald, the 8th Earl of Kildare was conspiring against him. Kildare was summoned to Dublin on 27 February 1495 to be sent to the Tower of London a week later on 5 March. Whilst Kildare was being taken prisoner his brother, Sir James FitzGerald, seized the King's castle of Carlow on 2 March 1495, only adding credence to the claims that Kildare was acting treacherously. Carlow castle had been held by 16 soldiers and fell easy prey to James FitzGerald who garrisoned the castle forcing Poynings and Sir James Ormond to lay siege to it. </div><div><br /></div><div>Once reinforced by the FitzGeralds the castle cannot have been easy to retake. Being located outside the town of Carlow where the Barrow River was joined by the Burren River it was surrounded by water on three sides with an area of marsh crossed by a causeway on its fourth side (see this conjectural reconstruction here: <a href="https://carlowmuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/carlowcastlebrochure.pdf">https://carlowmuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/carlowcastlebrochure.pdf</a>). An act of Poynings's Parliament in Ireland described "<i>his long and paynefull lying at the siege of the same.</i>" The castle was recaptured by Poyning's in July of 1495, which was not a moment to soon. On 23 July the Earl of Desmond linked up with the Yorkist pretender, Perkin Warbeck (see <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/02/warbeck-deal-and-waterford-1495.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/02/warbeck-deal-and-waterford-1495.html</a>) and laid siege to Waterford forcing Poynings to raise an army of Anglo-Irish retinues and Gaelic Irish allies before marching south to relieve the town and chase off the pretender.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ0orMCXRcQS9HplU12560GIlRg3rho0d9O26U0h1O_8Fo232LL3F2bTG0xFxcuB_gdS_wE3cuovE4cSk4I1RhOs2wnW59tUnULS00fwNuoJOxrII_gvllHKeLPZVpjxQ322c2wuam1ediLFErAVhJLTCSGX1jKSCMD7L1qm9sXsNxUC5hcHOlMbO9qudZ/s3467/2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="3467" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ0orMCXRcQS9HplU12560GIlRg3rho0d9O26U0h1O_8Fo232LL3F2bTG0xFxcuB_gdS_wE3cuovE4cSk4I1RhOs2wnW59tUnULS00fwNuoJOxrII_gvllHKeLPZVpjxQ322c2wuam1ediLFErAVhJLTCSGX1jKSCMD7L1qm9sXsNxUC5hcHOlMbO9qudZ/w400-h221/2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table from above. Poyning's forces must storm the gates of Carlow Castle to achieve victory. Poyning's main force will attack from the right of the above photo. His troops can also attack from the carrack via the River Barrow and from row boats via the Barrow and Burren rivers. The two rivers are shown in the photo above. Sir James FitzGerald can place units in the outbuildings in the castle's outer bailey to surprise the attackers. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>Scenario</u></div><div><br /></div><div>I was unable to find much information about the siege of Carlow, other than it was "<i>long and paynefull" </i>so for this scenario we decided to game an attempt by Poynings to storm the castle during the siege. As the castle was surrounded on three sides by the Barrow and Burren rivers this also meant we could bring some boats into the game and have troops landing for the attack. As with the first game we used our adapted Lion Rampant rules.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><u>Poynings's attack</u></div><div><br /></div><div>For this scenario Poynings would attack from the landward side (see the photo above), over the marsh, but his forces would also attack from the two rivers. Before the game started the player in command of Poynings's army wrote down the turn (any turn after turn 1) and the location at which his troops would land by boat to attack the castle. The naval attack would be delivered in the form of two row boats and the larger carrack. The carrack could only arrive from the larger Barrow river and not the smaller Burren (see the photo above). Poynings had to dedicate at least one unit each to the carrack and row boats but could dedicate up to four units, meaning two units could land from the carrack and two from the row boats.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Poynings player had to announce the turn before the boats landed that they were heading in and the boat models were then placed as if they were about to land. The following turn the Poynings player rolled a D6 and on a 2+ the troops in the boats could then attempt to move, shoot, attack or skirmish from the location where they were landing. On a 1 the Poynings player had to try again next turn for that element of the naval attack. The D6 roll did not affect the rest of the Poynings players turn. The boat attacks did not have to happen at the same time; the carrack could attack at a different time from the row boats.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><u>Objectives</u></div><div><br /></div><div>To win the game Poynings had to get a unit to take the castle. To take the castle the Poynings player had to get a unit to the castle gates (see the photo above). The unit had to be in base to base contact with the gates at the start of their activation phase. As an ordered activation, they could then use that unit to try to break into the gates (instead of Moving, Attacking, or Shooting). If there were 7 or more models in the unit the gates were broken into on a roll of 8+ on 2D6; if there were 6 or fewer models in the unit the gates were broken into on a roll of 9+ on 2D6.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Carrack</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The carrack would anchor slightly off the shore of the Barrow river and a smaller row boat then used to reach the shore. When it arrived it had to be positioned at least 3" from the shore. The turn after the troops were deployed from the carrack the model could then attempt to shoot each turn as if it were a culverin. Any shots were measured from the main deck of the vessel. A failed activation for the carrack attempting to shoot did not end the Poynings players turn.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Earthworks</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The outer bailey of the castle was defended by earthworks. These gave +2 armour for any unit defending them and counted as difficult terrain to cross or fight in.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Sir James FitzGerald's defenders</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The outer bailey of Carlow castle included many outbuildings and the FitzGerald player could hide up to four units within these. At the start of the game the FitzGerald player would note which units were in which buildings. The Poynings player did not know where the hidden units were. During the FitzGerald turn a hidden unit could then exit the building they were hiding in with a shooting, skirmish, attack or move activation. In the attack, skirmish or move activation they would leave the building to carry out the action. If they shot they were also placed outside of the building in the direction of who they were shooting at to represent them emerging from cover to shoot. If a unit failed an activation whilst hidden in a building it was placed outside of the building in front of the direction it would have acted. This represented the troops giving away their position but failing to act. Once out of a building a unit was committed to the fight and could not re-enter. A challenge could not be called from the secret location.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX7pwF_ipMqExaW6Ix2sFNKtJSLs90m_Ra4kF2rEw3usirdHBqgMp3hyYnpihQg-j4_SKZ7CaLdINHl8JHjoiFMse2W0QVQq3cbZJr0WjUi03LKnaG_IPStSRnIcd17c3cD2ChKedc2VCjyf5HNUFusfQD3EWKeAoWx12-cKaCrJVTUEQhZGHDqwNiyQUI/s3312/P1140832.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3028" data-original-width="3312" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX7pwF_ipMqExaW6Ix2sFNKtJSLs90m_Ra4kF2rEw3usirdHBqgMp3hyYnpihQg-j4_SKZ7CaLdINHl8JHjoiFMse2W0QVQq3cbZJr0WjUi03LKnaG_IPStSRnIcd17c3cD2ChKedc2VCjyf5HNUFusfQD3EWKeAoWx12-cKaCrJVTUEQhZGHDqwNiyQUI/w400-h366/P1140832.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir Edward Poynings and Sir James Ormond prepare to storm the earthworks of the outer bailey and take Carlow Castle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u><br /><br />As this game represented a fight between a small royal army in Ireland and an Anglo-Irish lord both forces were a mixture of English and Gaelic troops. Stuart took control of Sir Edward Poynings and his men whilst I took on the role of the defender taking command of the FitzGeralds.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Sir Edward Poyning's besieging force</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Sir Edward Poynings - retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Sir James Ormond) </div><div>2 Units of Shire Archers </div><div>2 Units of Shire Bill </div><div>2 Units of Galloglass </div><div>3 Units of Kern </div><div><br /></div><div><u>Sir James FitzGerald's garrison</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Sir James FitzGerald - retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Shire Archers </div><div>1 Unit of Garrison Bill </div><div>1 Unit of Shire Bill </div><div>1 Unit Kern with arquebus </div><div>2 Units of Galloglass </div><div>2 Units of Household Kern </div><div>1 Unit of Horseboys </div><div>1 Culverin <br /><br />Stuart chose to put two units of kern in the row boats and a unit of shire archers and bill in the carrack. I hid both units of household kern, the kern with arquebus and the garrison bill in the buildings in the outer bailey. A brief description of the game follows. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQc4rh0yaPy0WzV91X3V5g6hw6FQJAukWWKINayRkr8ph17TSeDghzvoie55fUMLwnFgAK8WzdY6zm54ND5W1GaCYeI5QJQjy6QtNoi9S2IeYKJZ1bOnqz46HIRJdYz3aRIy4QYB-_QnBfs1lomzSuOyou42A5VNowRDefjyZ96ydtmN2aRcaqQ6Uxelbz/s4380/P1140865.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2828" data-original-width="4380" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQc4rh0yaPy0WzV91X3V5g6hw6FQJAukWWKINayRkr8ph17TSeDghzvoie55fUMLwnFgAK8WzdY6zm54ND5W1GaCYeI5QJQjy6QtNoi9S2IeYKJZ1bOnqz46HIRJdYz3aRIy4QYB-_QnBfs1lomzSuOyou42A5VNowRDefjyZ96ydtmN2aRcaqQ6Uxelbz/w400-h259/P1140865.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir James Ormond, on the left, leads galloglass and kern into the outer bailey.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_85wINAFiRDUkiLwBZhG3RQStAomuaHs72EkV0f3uTNOgNQJNbHD7rUpgok7ERQb3FO4ntjb8XioaF6ssnGySbP0TuDblWBZuaNB3SRgxprg0oofvWZ4mu0ObjbyXzGuhXTRsfUqEEjwu5P0Nug3OV310C-OWjNC_l4RnhAtDvUGyNe4Jxki8ZjcenK1m/s4460/P1140875.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2936" data-original-width="4460" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_85wINAFiRDUkiLwBZhG3RQStAomuaHs72EkV0f3uTNOgNQJNbHD7rUpgok7ERQb3FO4ntjb8XioaF6ssnGySbP0TuDblWBZuaNB3SRgxprg0oofvWZ4mu0ObjbyXzGuhXTRsfUqEEjwu5P0Nug3OV310C-OWjNC_l4RnhAtDvUGyNe4Jxki8ZjcenK1m/w400-h264/P1140875.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A bloody melee takes place as the FitzGerald defenders attempt to fight off Poynings's attack.</td></tr></tbody></table>.<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc2S5IG-eAn01uZ2gsHNyEIotz1gnjo0FZPx5J4iR0V0mctJu9P7pTdCiXhW19UAZfPIECJNiGBKwiMCsDo7C0K9LbMVGY9RDqnTdhyphenhyphenQyWTD1HRB9nEuwrWsFyNdthzC6jd8ydIfMpqZpLrfn1oWJtc3DlkhOSWWlpSJtOzZFl81w98igB9oI4GmjJOUt4/s1920/P1140876%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc2S5IG-eAn01uZ2gsHNyEIotz1gnjo0FZPx5J4iR0V0mctJu9P7pTdCiXhW19UAZfPIECJNiGBKwiMCsDo7C0K9LbMVGY9RDqnTdhyphenhyphenQyWTD1HRB9nEuwrWsFyNdthzC6jd8ydIfMpqZpLrfn1oWJtc3DlkhOSWWlpSJtOzZFl81w98igB9oI4GmjJOUt4/w400-h300/P1140876%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of kern with firearms emerge from the water mill and attempt to bring Sir James Ormond down in a hail of shot.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOCapwgQ-zG5rYDiHGPwsJxkIC7CG8J-t2z7jl0CPoy455z-Yis8OlmM4ejpBpHwFwCHDQsMFNsM9e8MtbhfaALeIKOBWbFZ7PO5840mE2HK74U9mSSUz6ji6jv3Wws1WOk2yNFR38_WJdykDPo_bQ8OAqLr_QHCgezKJI0gTVuCPVVelTo8aq4xtYmV4f/s4608/P1140881.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3120" data-original-width="4608" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOCapwgQ-zG5rYDiHGPwsJxkIC7CG8J-t2z7jl0CPoy455z-Yis8OlmM4ejpBpHwFwCHDQsMFNsM9e8MtbhfaALeIKOBWbFZ7PO5840mE2HK74U9mSSUz6ji6jv3Wws1WOk2yNFR38_WJdykDPo_bQ8OAqLr_QHCgezKJI0gTVuCPVVelTo8aq4xtYmV4f/w400-h271/P1140881.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The outer bailey is the scene of a savage battle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixIloeWpj9DJbO8seP9kgVEazYvrEBHVAvS_fU0y5lkQnWD1hzPUvOyXYrHzfuVAIJ-9F4lc1WNENXlFwXXnZvxTk2zGpf5mED3H38npdWgRYYm7wU1alEJK7MzoZfIixgwc9aWaxE3XRK24KEusQRj4a3SPbGDqG7QF83M1ZN72i8O_hxi-Wfw8clAT6n/s1920/P1140881b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixIloeWpj9DJbO8seP9kgVEazYvrEBHVAvS_fU0y5lkQnWD1hzPUvOyXYrHzfuVAIJ-9F4lc1WNENXlFwXXnZvxTk2zGpf5mED3H38npdWgRYYm7wU1alEJK7MzoZfIixgwc9aWaxE3XRK24KEusQRj4a3SPbGDqG7QF83M1ZN72i8O_hxi-Wfw8clAT6n/w300-h400/P1140881b.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Galloglass loyal to the FitzGeralds clash with Galloglass in the employ of the Crown.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwqQoWKzkDtr78_h497G6ryCmVi-s2FSvKoYkNMphYrv6UP3_BBO73qvHkMB5vjyGLZdDCVoEY_dTZ-8BXPOYWrzgDnvj6SYXq8z91T8EzXr6awll5q7jWDngfKEfYY16vbNgD3wNZe7bPEDMznWSr95w7lxfE3QDk5J-mU-xanc8KFbZQX9geHXWdcZNN/s1920/P1140882.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwqQoWKzkDtr78_h497G6ryCmVi-s2FSvKoYkNMphYrv6UP3_BBO73qvHkMB5vjyGLZdDCVoEY_dTZ-8BXPOYWrzgDnvj6SYXq8z91T8EzXr6awll5q7jWDngfKEfYY16vbNgD3wNZe7bPEDMznWSr95w7lxfE3QDk5J-mU-xanc8KFbZQX9geHXWdcZNN/w400-h300/P1140882.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir James Ormond and his bodyguard drive back the kern who ambushed them.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The attack on Carlow castle began with Sir Edward Poynings and Sir James Ormond leading a mixed force of English and Irish troops over the earthworks and into the outer bailey. It was here, beneath the stone walls of the castle, that a savage melee took place as galloglass clashed with heavily armoured billmen and men at arms. Initially it looked as though the FitzGerald garrison would easily see off the attack as units of kern and galloglass in the royal army were quickly slain and Ormond's household men suffered badly when the FitzGerald kern emerged from the mill and fired a hail of shot into them.<br /><br />As the battle of the outer bailey continued the quality of Poynings's troops began to tell as the FitzGerald forces were slowly driven back. Sir James Ormond lead the attack and despite losing men to the arquebusiers he soon took revenge and slaughtered the men who had ambushed him. As they were being pushed back to their walls things went from bad to worse for the defenders as a couple of row boats full of kern crossed the River Burren. Yelling their war cries the kern splashed ashore and joined the fight.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv2VLAF49yRdYoY4n9uosGuU_pWQnQ-ouypwPNSIdKvjw0TKZKJ2Pu2vKKljuMK86haZ4nJPlpEr8F_ZqgKmqr1Wv9eMbE6OnD1vSvFhmV2qOHs_WZlcmExPxO19HOKJGNViPw9fk12sA6NI5znXKQ8xEkYT4RZPbi013y_enluoVJSLBU-WpllwrIhKlN/s1920/P1140905%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv2VLAF49yRdYoY4n9uosGuU_pWQnQ-ouypwPNSIdKvjw0TKZKJ2Pu2vKKljuMK86haZ4nJPlpEr8F_ZqgKmqr1Wv9eMbE6OnD1vSvFhmV2qOHs_WZlcmExPxO19HOKJGNViPw9fk12sA6NI5znXKQ8xEkYT4RZPbi013y_enluoVJSLBU-WpllwrIhKlN/w400-h300/P1140905%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Poynings has tasked the kern in his army to land from the River Burren via some row boats...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Dypjf6KPGFglx_o4uCFtyNDmAZ6VccjJMHy_izw5vtyK3ilCv5xwaPnvShQQglaVV3hni63N96bldNhyE2y7-yKFOrToVpHKaGlbT5BvNQJFWVzNH3f_-AILLEv-Ylt89eFcBUf1H2eBHx8C2xYP2pD0y-3s4oKIQBOavFSL_Pn0AvFPG3adFhXwTzO-/s1920/P1140905%20(3).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Dypjf6KPGFglx_o4uCFtyNDmAZ6VccjJMHy_izw5vtyK3ilCv5xwaPnvShQQglaVV3hni63N96bldNhyE2y7-yKFOrToVpHKaGlbT5BvNQJFWVzNH3f_-AILLEv-Ylt89eFcBUf1H2eBHx8C2xYP2pD0y-3s4oKIQBOavFSL_Pn0AvFPG3adFhXwTzO-/w300-h400/P1140905%20(3).jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...they disembark and open a new front in the attack.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcCB8sbTJo4TUQ7LYeq1QNfgSU8NFs0K5Br2HDxW8-BJpJCM0RJV1v6UjGkRFpsuBQjWmOISVsgU1z4An3WWCGeN8uiaRytr588pFpB0qBAs_MBFOk-Oh_u31IFXkkiR99qUNrnjS0VHN8D8mhD2ULUmzcDuzSQMnpn6CP2yxJig3kLdPDQZZSgii-UBZi/s3264/P1140905%20(4)a.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="3208" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcCB8sbTJo4TUQ7LYeq1QNfgSU8NFs0K5Br2HDxW8-BJpJCM0RJV1v6UjGkRFpsuBQjWmOISVsgU1z4An3WWCGeN8uiaRytr588pFpB0qBAs_MBFOk-Oh_u31IFXkkiR99qUNrnjS0VHN8D8mhD2ULUmzcDuzSQMnpn6CP2yxJig3kLdPDQZZSgii-UBZi/w394-h400/P1140905%20(4)a.JPG" width="394" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The FitzGerald defenders are being driven back in the outer bailey. The kern can be seen landing from the river in the top left of the photo.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMqWZaOysn2TQtTxEiYa93JKV_2HkCtWyl7Y0GkXSVXIXTh91Qs5yZXwoP1feJn_LxFqm5y1ZK7vENLlnFFAqdgev-9GTAs2XBLJJzBo9kNclTnGScgu8dAWN_ICXwDKc1HLw505-MXy3lrmV0H-juZsrGNzabgbQGUiqrN7O4BqrFAkk2-9D0mx7k3Esf/s1920/P1140905%20(4)b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMqWZaOysn2TQtTxEiYa93JKV_2HkCtWyl7Y0GkXSVXIXTh91Qs5yZXwoP1feJn_LxFqm5y1ZK7vENLlnFFAqdgev-9GTAs2XBLJJzBo9kNclTnGScgu8dAWN_ICXwDKc1HLw505-MXy3lrmV0H-juZsrGNzabgbQGUiqrN7O4BqrFAkk2-9D0mx7k3Esf/w300-h400/P1140905%20(4)b.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From the larger Barrow river a carrack lands a force of English bill and bow...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKj_mj5C7f9IWU1bJPTiBscY7x_mi-TZFrcIrujQ8q_RnyPcSdeRdWRjfm3DFfA-mRZ2Vl1dIWMj-wk8fo1brxi5W2QZb8W4Hiev1IVO9I7CDQXNFcnIwukErDP7U1t6Dp-akxaPQ0pECrfjyiYpxiQdrftc2aAqPfSgjLUsb6oR2lSUojlpyt7JfRXPwu/s1920/P1140905%20(5).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKj_mj5C7f9IWU1bJPTiBscY7x_mi-TZFrcIrujQ8q_RnyPcSdeRdWRjfm3DFfA-mRZ2Vl1dIWMj-wk8fo1brxi5W2QZb8W4Hiev1IVO9I7CDQXNFcnIwukErDP7U1t6Dp-akxaPQ0pECrfjyiYpxiQdrftc2aAqPfSgjLUsb6oR2lSUojlpyt7JfRXPwu/w400-h300/P1140905%20(5).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...they surge over the earthworks of the bailey and attack Carlow Castle from another direction.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBdixLBb6zCa0JAClavKm9_N7baPWN9IIoGoEbElNyMUfgsbGT6vA-Jqf8ngrYNtkubb6u89CNDc_PO2fCpWXTUZlxVD7-tjMIgW_Kppz63_G8m7sk2oxHleF5aPSO_M18C7uldNw6z3xv1vA7xeP6XfuSnIN3Cxh0V8UswbPXZxrLaeAtbMTf1FWbOCOq/s1920/P1140906.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBdixLBb6zCa0JAClavKm9_N7baPWN9IIoGoEbElNyMUfgsbGT6vA-Jqf8ngrYNtkubb6u89CNDc_PO2fCpWXTUZlxVD7-tjMIgW_Kppz63_G8m7sk2oxHleF5aPSO_M18C7uldNw6z3xv1vA7xeP6XfuSnIN3Cxh0V8UswbPXZxrLaeAtbMTf1FWbOCOq/w400-h300/P1140906.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Back on the other side of the castle Sir James Ormond is brought down in a clash with some of Sir James FitzGerald's galloglass.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>As the battle raged on one side of the castle a new attack was launched on the other as English forces disembarked from a carrack on the Barrow river. Some of the kern who had landed in the row boats also slipped along the walls and joined with this second assault. Kern who had been positioned in the castle's outbuildings emerged to defend against the new front but the combination of newly landed English archers and supporting fire from the guns on the carrack drove the FitzGerald kern off.<br /><br />Back on the other side of the walls it was not all going Poynings's way as his fellow commander, Sir James Ormond, fell in battle with some of the FitzGerald galloglass. With the fighting taking place all around the castle walls it was hard to see which side would prevail. <br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_Z52ay4Xm2Iw3mqFlA3H7E1Fh8d-zHDgMCW3o58-wxm7w_gVNbb-B-YKt4X9vNPPfN85FRS2qT4AcwD_r16lUerw9-xDaKe2r2txeYG4gNqBBZMAu9hB_CDoe0a8wDx0Ona6S3l9IkdhYA_kqaYf4x2jNcE6fxXh8OVb6-QuT9YkdGLc-lVmbRqc44Em/s3708/P1140925.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3340" data-original-width="3708" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_Z52ay4Xm2Iw3mqFlA3H7E1Fh8d-zHDgMCW3o58-wxm7w_gVNbb-B-YKt4X9vNPPfN85FRS2qT4AcwD_r16lUerw9-xDaKe2r2txeYG4gNqBBZMAu9hB_CDoe0a8wDx0Ona6S3l9IkdhYA_kqaYf4x2jNcE6fxXh8OVb6-QuT9YkdGLc-lVmbRqc44Em/w400-h360/P1140925.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The English troops that landed from the carrack drive back some of the defending kern...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ_BopEnZDfyn1g8YNt8StoBZL3jpAikKVrrnEiP752DXPv3EaA5GqjdWRb1ghAJmOfd3LvPM8hWi7TeGojwSQbpIy4inrybCB_QsLfC8JzntB0nFHNC1LxQEycBlvLPDHmJQKa95MSTKjQjJ2hYHH7p8y4CFiRzCDeQZ_QeW05WoOFPzoNUXNuHfpRCuM/s4324/P1140926.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3080" data-original-width="4324" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ_BopEnZDfyn1g8YNt8StoBZL3jpAikKVrrnEiP752DXPv3EaA5GqjdWRb1ghAJmOfd3LvPM8hWi7TeGojwSQbpIy4inrybCB_QsLfC8JzntB0nFHNC1LxQEycBlvLPDHmJQKa95MSTKjQjJ2hYHH7p8y4CFiRzCDeQZ_QeW05WoOFPzoNUXNuHfpRCuM/w400-h285/P1140926.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but they are eventually driven back by Sir James FitzGerald and his bodyguard.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div>With the routing of his kern Sir James FitzGerald was left with no option but to personally take on the English troops that had landed from the Barrow river. Accompanied by his retainers he was successful in driving them off but at the cost of allowing Poynings to drive off all of the FitzGerald troops who had opposed the initial attack over the earthworks. As Poynings and his English troops made for the gates FitzGerald's gunners were put to work firing hailshot at close range into the oncoming attackers but it was not enough.</div><div><br /></div><div>Sir James FitzGerald rushed back to defend the gates clashing with Sir Edward Poynings as he attempted to storm the castle. Fate was not to be with Sir James FitzGerald and he was slain by Poynings in a dramatic one on one duel. With their leader slain the FitzGerald garrison capitulated and Carlow castle was back in royal control. Poynings's "<i>long and paynefull lying at the siege" </i>was over.</div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqH2fdf-7cHRip2lshXjkxf1lxU5hFdqG4w-c1VbUmfGMqGK-n4f_C6fYvCLrd37hrZL6bP8R9r4nzdxStLZjYmfeT9lCQ_9VYMP5B78p3VWB4i38-sm8EitZ8HZ_Tr0HrSEk89RQflPlcaZ36xgdG-kMQ304HW44g8islMB7OvPL26Wzjyy9Q7AoVm4sR/s3860/P1140937.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3860" height="359" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqH2fdf-7cHRip2lshXjkxf1lxU5hFdqG4w-c1VbUmfGMqGK-n4f_C6fYvCLrd37hrZL6bP8R9r4nzdxStLZjYmfeT9lCQ_9VYMP5B78p3VWB4i38-sm8EitZ8HZ_Tr0HrSEk89RQflPlcaZ36xgdG-kMQ304HW44g8islMB7OvPL26Wzjyy9Q7AoVm4sR/w400-h359/P1140937.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir Edward Poynings mops up the remaining FitzGerald troops on the other side of the castle...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9qUgts-9zRkW5oOaChjBAi6XFI7D3L7fnJjnCLj3YKSs30SqFNPBV9sB2XsSsaMeQSc0RyvROsvLvZLp-mu228EHmHvRKCLN7adD44Xbv5KwSAl4icWTZ38c0yvQ1d4mlZSxe803wqlqqFJ5B23uaIZu33LfoJBDmRxbKqsvwFqLJ7rHsE2qfE4Xm9cwe/s4000/P1140949.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2932" data-original-width="4000" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9qUgts-9zRkW5oOaChjBAi6XFI7D3L7fnJjnCLj3YKSs30SqFNPBV9sB2XsSsaMeQSc0RyvROsvLvZLp-mu228EHmHvRKCLN7adD44Xbv5KwSAl4icWTZ38c0yvQ1d4mlZSxe803wqlqqFJ5B23uaIZu33LfoJBDmRxbKqsvwFqLJ7rHsE2qfE4Xm9cwe/w400-h294/P1140949.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and pushes around to the gatehouse driving back some of FitzGerald's remaining galloglass.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGxG4aCHK0iZ24ARMX51N60vj6aPzNSqPQ4fER8xZ_5YNeSPpdsb7mr4mTh9KuNS8ilzYMmfAYsHIplU8mGadkgjVMrjFXGFlBun0RGbQM-1puyFVxz64QvmMpMoyCL4s-4-xHoA-cgjmi-3-fvvLrz-Zd4HXq0M7gp8aHxzAOh1pHOgcVKI3-f1xdQoza/s3636/P1140971.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2848" data-original-width="3636" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGxG4aCHK0iZ24ARMX51N60vj6aPzNSqPQ4fER8xZ_5YNeSPpdsb7mr4mTh9KuNS8ilzYMmfAYsHIplU8mGadkgjVMrjFXGFlBun0RGbQM-1puyFVxz64QvmMpMoyCL4s-4-xHoA-cgjmi-3-fvvLrz-Zd4HXq0M7gp8aHxzAOh1pHOgcVKI3-f1xdQoza/w400-h314/P1140971.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir Edward Poynings clashes with Sir James FitzGerald in front of the castle gates. FitzGerald is defeated in a brief clash and Carlow Castle falls to Poynings and his small army.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">So two victories to Stuart. One game being over all of a sudden due to my rash movement of Perkin Warbeck into all kinds of disaster in the streets of Exeter and the other being a very close game the result of which hung in the balance for its entirety. They were both so much fun. It is quite a lot of work setting up all the buildings for the city games but we always enjoy them and they have a very different feel to them. It was also great to see loads of the newly painted peasants on the table, they have opened up the potential for new scenarios and are really useful figures.<br /><br />The Carlow game was exciting and the element of both of us being able to attack from different directions at different times really added to the decision making and dramatic tension. I will definitely try and use the rules about landing troops at different locations in other naval attack scenarios as they made the game a lot of fun. Sir Edward Poynings was involved in a naval blockade and siege of Sluys in 1492, aiding Maximilian I against the rebel Philip of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein. This will certainly be an event we cover in the future using some of the same ideas from the Carlow game.</div><p></p></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-88741173989741092482023-11-01T01:19:00.000-07:002023-11-01T01:19:33.402-07:00German Peasants, 1524-1525<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0y_fWbSL4g0cK0j6OZVTJODsjjVeNpO0tmmx2zDENLfT-Ya_uSDBL6gSEaA3no4HrhjmBx66Qk-Gvid5ibUV5WO8R4FxMFSxmC_gEgSeWvTe-fvqtYK5OTGubf9ZDbt3oGAkNZLSExxno-2FiAYZqqheW2vrmUPiGp26xciw-tp6ABZSOkTeq5mSsnu3y/s4012/P1140583.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1836" data-original-width="4012" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0y_fWbSL4g0cK0j6OZVTJODsjjVeNpO0tmmx2zDENLfT-Ya_uSDBL6gSEaA3no4HrhjmBx66Qk-Gvid5ibUV5WO8R4FxMFSxmC_gEgSeWvTe-fvqtYK5OTGubf9ZDbt3oGAkNZLSExxno-2FiAYZqqheW2vrmUPiGp26xciw-tp6ABZSOkTeq5mSsnu3y/w400-h183/P1140583.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br />Today we return to my current project, building a peasant band for the German Peasant's War of 1524-1525. The first unit completed consisted of 71 figures in attacking poses, <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/09/early-16th-century-peasants.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/09/early-16th-century-peasants.html</a>, and this unit is made up of 70 figures, all standing. Over half the unit is made up of Steel Fist miniatures, they make up 43 of the 70 figures. The rest of the unit comprises of 13 miniatures from Artizan Designs, 8 from Wargames Foundry and 6 old Grenadier miniatures. The weapons they carry have come from lots of different manufacturers and many of the figures have had conversions such as head swaps.<p></p><p>As with the previous unit I am keen to be able to use these miniatures in as many different games as possible and as such have based half of the miniatures so that they can be used as a slightly better armed militia force. These figures have some armour and carry a wide variety of polearms such as halberds, glaives, spears and bills. They are shown in one of the images below marching under a French banner. The other half of the unit carry more improvised weapons such as rakes, flails, forks and axes and are again shown in an image below.<br /><br />The Steel Fist figures were a joy to paint and convert. They capture the feel of the woodcuts depicting the German Peasant's War really well. Whilst painting them I noticed that one miniatures is wearing a helmet that is very similar to my re-enacting one as well as a pair of late medieval three fingered gloves, which I also have a pair of. In the final photo below you can see my impression of the figure. I am not sure I look prepared to march under the "Bundschuh", I will leave that to the miniatures!</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyUSLgyVS5af7czTRiwDbF9Tnq56dViNtJdV6jjiq8YVt52Y5t6q8aDaA1ejp57Duz7Qji4ezLWyALuYfA-0ChuBNdzbsp471xP7uO_oUKiS5P4hRiRx4nsO0anMVe1PPFTxt5qEDLBts4pMTZae5QvRCOmPJwZDX1pov7Gldyrel_yTyMSoBc5aWLNatQ/s4608/P1140585.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2588" data-original-width="4608" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyUSLgyVS5af7czTRiwDbF9Tnq56dViNtJdV6jjiq8YVt52Y5t6q8aDaA1ejp57Duz7Qji4ezLWyALuYfA-0ChuBNdzbsp471xP7uO_oUKiS5P4hRiRx4nsO0anMVe1PPFTxt5qEDLBts4pMTZae5QvRCOmPJwZDX1pov7Gldyrel_yTyMSoBc5aWLNatQ/w400-h225/P1140585.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm Peasants for the German Peasant's War of 1524-1525.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQAYq_QtQPeBa3cSxDr1JLSKp3DypMsVj-PlVbWjIeeJrEhZYP-BCZCQjqYwpAEr6JuFYbG0ThMr4Cx6TTdVuTJjiCODGv7tUE3chYpc2qviBF9gyvZzRJSa1XN2Omk8ikOhBfdex_y0UHktZXZXhN7Qu9kXAPtp8HLgnRSbdpHw9zss-KVMnIloi507-l/s4284/P1140604.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2044" data-original-width="4284" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQAYq_QtQPeBa3cSxDr1JLSKp3DypMsVj-PlVbWjIeeJrEhZYP-BCZCQjqYwpAEr6JuFYbG0ThMr4Cx6TTdVuTJjiCODGv7tUE3chYpc2qviBF9gyvZzRJSa1XN2Omk8ikOhBfdex_y0UHktZXZXhN7Qu9kXAPtp8HLgnRSbdpHw9zss-KVMnIloi507-l/w400-h191/P1140604.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the peasants from behind.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhein9hJ47Hk6fepusVBCWXhwILoDHGIl-eDZ5_yWgyFm3AKpZs_0iIIesfeMhfLtG7dX8be093p9R_XFX-KiDY6AYXWR6odBqPUqJnG3oyuLQ6J5fOAIaSPd9d4_i3RtL2vp72voR9Koq1A8OPy0WommfaI16HVFSAFY3AE2-qn3Fqfxc1ry4vFSXS-4i7/s4012/P1140616.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2736" data-original-width="4012" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhein9hJ47Hk6fepusVBCWXhwILoDHGIl-eDZ5_yWgyFm3AKpZs_0iIIesfeMhfLtG7dX8be093p9R_XFX-KiDY6AYXWR6odBqPUqJnG3oyuLQ6J5fOAIaSPd9d4_i3RtL2vp72voR9Koq1A8OPy0WommfaI16HVFSAFY3AE2-qn3Fqfxc1ry4vFSXS-4i7/w400-h272/P1140616.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm 16th century German Peasants.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaOthcCdrrRS8K5pMB5_VJd6APMS0WFcmLDYtlo2azs_5bxhKngeBJdmcL8hm61AcsoIxsoyc6ZLzvembWZolCCJ0lNkuDD8ewP6-Pg88iBOZJDqqNNiJLTHw4BiCuy3enpJpPGpQXnUVngGmXbEx288_D_EuUCi9u0XAybEjyrVwyRJgRElPWH2agDSmd/s3332/P1140623.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2684" data-original-width="3332" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaOthcCdrrRS8K5pMB5_VJd6APMS0WFcmLDYtlo2azs_5bxhKngeBJdmcL8hm61AcsoIxsoyc6ZLzvembWZolCCJ0lNkuDD8ewP6-Pg88iBOZJDqqNNiJLTHw4BiCuy3enpJpPGpQXnUVngGmXbEx288_D_EuUCi9u0XAybEjyrVwyRJgRElPWH2agDSmd/w400-h323/P1140623.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The better armed and armoured half of this unit can be used a militia troops. Here they are shown as a French militia.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTLbkjABkflUZvxQo0ufsNX_HfGKUQWnM-qwUKFNxVtZSF88kBqCxPnVTpeNFx578wKAOTK_68DeVMvRTtZtQPxPlYv4uFZCzqkUX48koQfxJYaEsfGOp-Kz6uBW6j0kEWSi6DCnVsqHGRDlvCMxVcW4-K8skTMyVEA-_BBGohZ3kvrYWhx-Zf09N1yPh_/s4160/P1140631.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2804" data-original-width="4160" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTLbkjABkflUZvxQo0ufsNX_HfGKUQWnM-qwUKFNxVtZSF88kBqCxPnVTpeNFx578wKAOTK_68DeVMvRTtZtQPxPlYv4uFZCzqkUX48koQfxJYaEsfGOp-Kz6uBW6j0kEWSi6DCnVsqHGRDlvCMxVcW4-K8skTMyVEA-_BBGohZ3kvrYWhx-Zf09N1yPh_/w400-h270/P1140631.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The other half of the unit are more "agricultural" with less armour and more improvised weaponry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM4DOuZ5LSPntjzON3omPhWoQIsSiImGP4ZObA-NO3OlDSMgomk5gZ3HyTeK_bYnKwT9pLG8EQUm3F8rdAk4X7F2HKyHv8HLhmYH4gKkMgISG4yQ4vFAKGa1b-avujo_ZKu6PaATwDys5504JbMhxrNoQcgwOd6ZdYLimrP0LYTpcopgoMppfQlm6lwzUr/s3596/X1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2768" data-original-width="3596" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM4DOuZ5LSPntjzON3omPhWoQIsSiImGP4ZObA-NO3OlDSMgomk5gZ3HyTeK_bYnKwT9pLG8EQUm3F8rdAk4X7F2HKyHv8HLhmYH4gKkMgISG4yQ4vFAKGa1b-avujo_ZKu6PaATwDys5504JbMhxrNoQcgwOd6ZdYLimrP0LYTpcopgoMppfQlm6lwzUr/w400-h308/X1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some of my re-enactment kit is similar to that worn by one of the Steel Fist miniatures!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-35703217838784694722023-10-01T00:37:00.000-07:002023-10-01T00:37:10.522-07:00Seigneur de Bayard in Navarre, 1512<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwgyrhCcbah8FJYfdGPZDLBX6rlQJuxkrLQgAaRhXis2bgEUtUoufw6YQlGxuyL4xdj3jaKeDcyn647GRcsUEXrN3EBuHkO0v6_iKe3bkLBtPubnATITePBPB7YQYVUaF8_NX8U9STVKhgh7jrAnVUGvC_lu2yphiV28OsdT-zsmGM9b1t2tA56jMaiw76/s3680/1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3228" data-original-width="3680" height="351" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwgyrhCcbah8FJYfdGPZDLBX6rlQJuxkrLQgAaRhXis2bgEUtUoufw6YQlGxuyL4xdj3jaKeDcyn647GRcsUEXrN3EBuHkO0v6_iKe3bkLBtPubnATITePBPB7YQYVUaF8_NX8U9STVKhgh7jrAnVUGvC_lu2yphiV28OsdT-zsmGM9b1t2tA56jMaiw76/w400-h351/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div>A couple of weekends ago my friend Tom visited and we continued our series of siege style wargames. We decided to focus on an action that took place during the first French attempt to wrest control of the Kingdom of Navarre from the Spanish which Jacques de Mailles' near contemporary account of Bayard's life describes in detail.<div><br /></div><div><div><u>Bayard in Navarre</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div><div>The Kingdom of Navarre was located along the western Pyrenees, on the borders of Spain and France. Nestled between parts of northern Aragon and northern Castile and containing passes between Spain and France this meant it was a key strategic location for the more powerful Spanish and French kingdoms. Using an English invasion of southern France as a diversion (see <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/04/the-marquis-of-dorsets-1512-campaign.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/04/the-marquis-of-dorsets-1512-campaign.html</a>) July of 1512 saw the Spanish King Ferdinand order troops into Navarre under the command of the Duke of Alba. The Navarrese king, John III, retreated to Orthez and by early September 1512 most of Navarre was in Spanish hands. The presence of the English under the Marquis of Dorset had meant the French did not cross into Navarre and attempt to stop the invasion however by October the English had returned home realising they had been duped by Henry VIII's father-in-law, Ferdinand. </div><div><br /></div><div>With the English threat gone the French counterattacked with three columns entering Navarre. One column besieged Hondarribia and Donostia whilst a second under Louis I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville, defeated the Spanish at Ainhize on 19 October 1512. As the Spanish retreated to Pamplona a third column under the command of the King of Navarre, John III, and Jacques de la Palice, Lord of Chabannes, entered via the valley of Roncal besieging the Duke of Alba in Pamplona in November. The siege lasted for a month but with Spanish reinforcements on the way under the Duke of Nájera and the autumn weather making conditions in the siege lines difficult the French and loyalist Navarrese were forced to withdraw. The French suffered on the retreat across the Pyrenees as the weather conditions had worsened and Spanish skirmishing forces harassed them as they made their way back.</div><div><br /></div><div>Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard, was in the third French column that besieged Pamplona and was given a force of gendarmes, aventuriers, landsknecht and artillery with which to take a nearby castle. It was defended by a garrison of around 100 Spanish troops who posed a threat to the French siege lines. Sources seem to differ on where this castle was some giving it as Tiebas, about 15km from Pamplona, whilst others refer to it as being at Puente la Reina which was some 25km from the city. We will turn to a translation of Jacques de Mailles story of Bayard's life for an account of the events:<br /><br /></div><div><i>"At four leagues from this town was a castle, whose taking became interesting in detail, not because it was very strong in itself, but because it could contain enough men to succour the town, or at least to make the besiegers uneasy. The King of Navarre and Chabannes begged Bayard to accept the charge of making himself master of it. He accepted the commission in the spirit of a man who had never found any difficulty in anything. He took with him his company, who were as well disposed for war as he was, and composed of men, who had most of them, as we have already said, commanded themselves. He there joined the company of Captain Bonneval, another excellent officer, many adventurers, and about 800 lansquenets, and went in open day straight to the castle. He began by sending a trumpet to summon those who were there to give it back to the King of Navarre, to who it belonged, assuring them that their lives and baggage should be saved, but if they were taken by assault, no quarter should be shown to anyone.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Those within the castle were all good soldiers, 100 Spaniards, very loyal to their king, and they had been put there by the Duke of Naxara and the Alcalde of Donzelles, both whom Ferdinand had appointed, the one viceroy, the other lieutenant-general in the kingdom of Navarre. Their answer was that they would keep the place , and not give it up, still less would they submit personally. As soon as this answer had been reported to Bayard, he had a battery constructed, furnished with four large pieces of cannon, and beat a breach without delay. The besieged, on their side, had a good number of arquebuses with two falconets, and answered very well to the French artillery; but notwithstanding all this, in less than an hour, the breach was large enough, although difficult of access, because it was necessary to get up to it. Then Bayard sounded to the assault, and commanded the lansquenets to march and do their duty; but it was necessary, before arranging them, to come to terms with them; they told him, through their interpreter, that, according to their treaty, when a place was taken by assault they should receive double pay; that if this demand were acceded to, they would go cheerfully to the breach, otherwise not. Bayard was ignorant of this treaty; however he promised them that if they took this place by assault their demands should be satisfied. But they undoubtedly expected to be paid in advance, for not one moved from his place. The adventurers alone marched boldly, and found work to do, for, if they knew how to attack, those within knew equally well how to defend themselves.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Bayard, seeing that three attacks had been unsuccessful, had had the retreat sounded, and afterwards caused cannons to be fired, apparently to enlarge the breach, but really to throw the besieged off the track, for there had entered his mind one of those expedients which were never wanting to him when occasion required. To put it in execution, he addressed himself to one of the men-at-arms, whose bravery and good conduct he knew, named La Vergne, and said to him: "Companion, will you do a bold deed, for which I will richly reward you? Do you see that large tower which forms the corner of the rear of the castle? I want you to take with you thirty or forty brave men, and whilst I give the assault, and occupy the enemy at the breach, you shall lead your men, supplied with ladders, to enter it there. I am sure you will find no one, and you know what you have to do".</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>La Vergne was a man skilled in the art of war, and it was not necessary to say anymore to him. He understood the plan, and executed it to perfection, while Bayard had the assault given with more impetuosity than the first time. The besieged were all at the breach, and were strangely surprised to hear behind them the cry of "France! France! Navarre! Navarre!" And to see themselves charged from the back by La Vergne and his fifty men. They wished, however, to defend themselves, but at that instant the besiegers entered by the breach, which they knocked all to pieces or very nearly so, and then plundered the place. Bayard left a small garrison there under the charge of a gentleman belonging to the King of Navarre, and as he was preparing to set out to rejoin the French camp, the lansquenets who had refused to serve, and who had done nothing, had the impudence to ask him, through their interpreter, for the double pay which he had promised them. The proposition irritated him. "Tell those rascally lansquenets", he replied, "that I would sooner give each a halter to hang himself with. The cowards wouldn't go to the breach, and now they ask for double pay. I will inform the Duke of Suffolk (</i>Richard de la Pole, the "last White Rose"<i>), their commander, of it, and the Lord of Chabannes, that he may get rid of them; they are worth nothing". Their interpreter, having returned them this answer, they began to murmur loudly, like men just ready to revolt. But Bayard sounded to the standard, and assembled his adventurers, and his men-at-arms, resolved to exterminate them to the last man, if they made the least movement. They chose the better part, which was to be quiet, and return with the others to the camp at Pampeluna."</i></div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisWEV1P2yh3QFW-egkq_Pj_yVp7oIWR8xsS-lC59xt8aoL5-yZ2kjIXy0zsGy2LQB6ANTaUiXFGLl1IpF27uqQU8dWGRg7l8AmkzmL2S2K2Z_kpcj6AVSMwI8XA_Q0PwEBJL4Bk-rcLK0cnC4YyTw3LLmuNhSk6_ukIVRgeCKKRI2eBxEQD2ZNl3K1fKWB/s3812/4.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2944" data-original-width="3812" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisWEV1P2yh3QFW-egkq_Pj_yVp7oIWR8xsS-lC59xt8aoL5-yZ2kjIXy0zsGy2LQB6ANTaUiXFGLl1IpF27uqQU8dWGRg7l8AmkzmL2S2K2Z_kpcj6AVSMwI8XA_Q0PwEBJL4Bk-rcLK0cnC4YyTw3LLmuNhSk6_ukIVRgeCKKRI2eBxEQD2ZNl3K1fKWB/w400-h309/4.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In preparation for the fourth assault Bayard "<i>caused cannons to be fired, apparently to enlarge the breach, but really to throw the besieged off the track</i>".</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8HixPodYA7WiI7b4hXDBGUQuKyWfiCBOYSRGzJeukfugBFCaAvvbmZnzGVs3i14mFLeTwF6J9YLHdgiA3BRU1DFZhyU58De4D6lXP7Ofu2L52tTF1hlPNoa_UEJD5jX-mRkHe786Ui6eFDUpM4iOHXxL1ZE26ghNezK0pKxtljlXsFjZvEvhonInMMf7p/s3904/5.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3904" data-original-width="2184" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8HixPodYA7WiI7b4hXDBGUQuKyWfiCBOYSRGzJeukfugBFCaAvvbmZnzGVs3i14mFLeTwF6J9YLHdgiA3BRU1DFZhyU58De4D6lXP7Ofu2L52tTF1hlPNoa_UEJD5jX-mRkHe786Ui6eFDUpM4iOHXxL1ZE26ghNezK0pKxtljlXsFjZvEvhonInMMf7p/w224-h400/5.JPG" width="224" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the French guns fires at the breach.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><u>The Scenario</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div><div>The game focused on the final fourth assault by Bayard and his men, with the surprise attack by La Vergne and his "<i>brave men</i>" coming from the tower to the rear of the Spanish garrison. As normal the game was played using an amended version of Lion Rampant that we have changed and adapted for 16th century warfare. Tom chose to play the Spanish in this game so I took on the role of Bayard and the French.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><u>Deployment</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Each player commanded two retinues. The game started with the Spanish deployed inside the fortress. </div><div>Bayard's retinue and the landsknecht element of La Vergne's retinue (see the lists below) started at the foot of the slopes in front of the breach. The four French guns described in the above account were shown in a battery but these did not have any effect on the game. La Vergne's company did not start on the table.</div><div><br /></div><div>The French player took the first turn with Bayard's retinue acting first.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Breach</u></div><div><br />Crossing the breach and fighting on it counted as difficult terrain. Units could not see over the breach but could shoot at units on the other side of it once in the breach. Similarly once in the breach units could be shot at by units on the other side. The breach did not provide cover.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>La Vergne's company</u></div><div><br /></div><div>La Vergne's retinue was divided into two elements, La Vergne's company and the landsknecht. Whilst the landsknecht started on the table La Vergne and his dismounted "<i>brave men</i>" did not start on the table. There were two large towers at the ends of the walls on the other side of the fortress from the breach (see the photos below). Before any troops were deployed on the table the French player noted down which of the two large towers La Vergne's company would emerge from and on what turn this would happen. As I was in command of the French I decided to go for really late in the game and chose, probably unwisely, turn 20! The failed activation element of Lion Rampant means it is really hard to know how long turns will be.</div><div><br /></div><div>When that turn arrived the French player would announce the arrival of La Vergne and his men and declare from which of the two towers they would spring. Scaling ladders were placed to represent the escalade. The French player would role a D6. On a 2+ La Vergne's three company units could emerge from the base of the tower. They could move or attack when they first arrived. If a one was rolled the French player had to attempt to roll a 2+ on a D6 again the following turn but the Spanish player would know for certain where the French would be arriving from.</div><div><br /></div><div>If a unit failed its activation the retinues turn would end as normal. Any units that had not left the tower could attempt to leave the following turn and so on until the were deployed.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The landsknecht</u></div><div><br /></div><div>To represent them being "<i>rascally lansquenets</i>" the landsknecht were very difficult to control in this scenario. Every time the French player wished a landsknecht unit to act it had to pass its activation twice. If it failed either time the turn for that retinue ended. If a unit rolled a double 1 on either activation then the blunder chart would be rolled on.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Sally Ports</u></div><div><br /></div><div>On either side of the breach the walls had a sally port, a small doorway, in them. The Spanish units could move or attack through these as they wished with no movement penalty. If a French unit could get to a sally port on the inside and the door was uncontested then French units on the other side of that sally port could move through it as they wished with no penalty. There always had to be a French unit on the inside by the sally port to allow this movement to happen.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Victory</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Victory in this scenario was simple - the French had to take control of the fortress and defeat the Spanish garrison. If at the end of a turn French were in the fortress and the only Spanish units left in the game were outside it then this would count as the French holding the fortress. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiESmFq2S0X1HoKi-VhAaHmhiifW0v_lQZuI4x9Ez_TXiEXFJaQknV0EBfl-03LMS4cJb6RJKCXmqIWt8O3dRBhOC4J6GdwodBT1vPWmxC3XMIos_jXDLgpBAF4r3A2QNgdkoDH_fXFTy5udLtwWOTu3tVIegICTliVfDqn6bW9DF9mdflgLLZ9KxW1ZZHn/s3252/6.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3252" data-original-width="2948" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiESmFq2S0X1HoKi-VhAaHmhiifW0v_lQZuI4x9Ez_TXiEXFJaQknV0EBfl-03LMS4cJb6RJKCXmqIWt8O3dRBhOC4J6GdwodBT1vPWmxC3XMIos_jXDLgpBAF4r3A2QNgdkoDH_fXFTy5udLtwWOTu3tVIegICTliVfDqn6bW9DF9mdflgLLZ9KxW1ZZHn/w363-h400/6.JPG" width="363" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table. Two sets of the castle walls are shown. The French comprising Bayard's forces and the landsknecht are in the foreground outside the castle walls. The Spanish are deployed inside the castle beyond the breach. At the top of the photo the two large towers can be seen one of which La Vergne and his "<i>brave men</i>" can attack from. At either end of the set of walls in the foreground there is a sally port</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOgUbf4c5fpo30t0A1mhxKVev6I00K4h1ah_-uRpdX0Lwr8QFMo-NJjuLRb_xkRUFNMffTRmGyKw-eMUlqJzPt_HNetwUDzhlRXjQA1mWOdsGRvogIoSrl4snf1SmF2dWE7ZJM832VWwtbJhUxzTnSGdJt5NUJHmLyp0WlihRx80BxCSBPI5yudsAXmMP5/s4608/7.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2672" data-original-width="4608" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOgUbf4c5fpo30t0A1mhxKVev6I00K4h1ah_-uRpdX0Lwr8QFMo-NJjuLRb_xkRUFNMffTRmGyKw-eMUlqJzPt_HNetwUDzhlRXjQA1mWOdsGRvogIoSrl4snf1SmF2dWE7ZJM832VWwtbJhUxzTnSGdJt5NUJHmLyp0WlihRx80BxCSBPI5yudsAXmMP5/w400-h233/7.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the castle from the other side. The two towers where La Vergne can launch the surprise attack from can be seen with the Spanish deployed in the courtyard of the castle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAgLauiHP15KSVlnwTKefW62rwYTWg75ZFC3d_2bY8gAyUCMYD-Y4xVHRXjZo1bEzVj7ZNo5Zdf5h7A64tUZaLfDMYAKWgPr-oVySvd8l90EiCxG7TGIxDhoiQWwiGJjUFn5QClZIRLYLCad_olg70rk_WAu15NIvnBq2VAuBJiz6mbxTfFWd3m6-J7v_L/s3540/P1140257.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2648" data-original-width="3540" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAgLauiHP15KSVlnwTKefW62rwYTWg75ZFC3d_2bY8gAyUCMYD-Y4xVHRXjZo1bEzVj7ZNo5Zdf5h7A64tUZaLfDMYAKWgPr-oVySvd8l90EiCxG7TGIxDhoiQWwiGJjUFn5QClZIRLYLCad_olg70rk_WAu15NIvnBq2VAuBJiz6mbxTfFWd3m6-J7v_L/w400-h299/P1140257.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bayard's troops prepare for a fourth assault on the breach. The aventuriers can be seen in the foreground.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6nR8p2rlLRYFnE88P0G1aOSR1eBtqrWdNPh3Ky9DoVybest-Pe9lWjVl50GtI2SWykunuSeII3KXMps-u0oNn3F2diw-15zMBMPa600c8FLgFUsQVeK-ytLXnuXCQU9OFzMTYM7EgVSmhAM057WJSdDZVC5pQTe1c0K_iQmpu1pzRxptL0vu7kJnFOO0p/s3132/P1140279.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3132" data-original-width="3044" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6nR8p2rlLRYFnE88P0G1aOSR1eBtqrWdNPh3Ky9DoVybest-Pe9lWjVl50GtI2SWykunuSeII3KXMps-u0oNn3F2diw-15zMBMPa600c8FLgFUsQVeK-ytLXnuXCQU9OFzMTYM7EgVSmhAM057WJSdDZVC5pQTe1c0K_iQmpu1pzRxptL0vu7kJnFOO0p/w389-h400/P1140279.JPG" width="389" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside the Spanish garrison brace themselves for another attack...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYVM0bm0tO8J-VFzyE9eTkVIs0I2ZRDeftwaE2N2BUOQVD-Fb7E_7CUTKz7cVAtiE9IeFxQkcnI78t3IaiKwLC_KRtRsrfyCXGT-OCXAD5Fs4J3YwwepKXeFfXmdhUVhyE6wX1-RimLtdglYhDTtTvoRGqKB-UH6iGG_7V5A2cTqdCUmo_868E5UxDNaoa/s2824/P1140287.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2824" data-original-width="2008" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYVM0bm0tO8J-VFzyE9eTkVIs0I2ZRDeftwaE2N2BUOQVD-Fb7E_7CUTKz7cVAtiE9IeFxQkcnI78t3IaiKwLC_KRtRsrfyCXGT-OCXAD5Fs4J3YwwepKXeFfXmdhUVhyE6wX1-RimLtdglYhDTtTvoRGqKB-UH6iGG_7V5A2cTqdCUmo_868E5UxDNaoa/w285-h400/P1140287.JPG" width="285" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...the Spanish form a semicircle around the breach and await the French assault.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard's, French contingent</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard - retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Captain Bonneval) </div><div>3 Units of Aventuriers<br />2 Units of Aventuriers with Halberds </div><div><br /></div><div><u>La Vergne's company and the landsknecht</u></div><div><br /></div><div>La Vergne's Company who would attack in the rear by escalade:<br />1 Unit of Foot Knights (La Vergne - retinue leader)<br />1 Unit of Foot Knights</div><div>1 Unit of Armoured Halberdiers (representing dismounted men at arms and "archers" from a gendarme company) </div><div><br /></div><div>The Landsknecht: </div><div>2 Units of Landsknecht Pike </div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Arquebusiers </div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Halberdiers </div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Spanish Garrison</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>First Retinue</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Spanish Garrison Captain - retinue leader) </div><div>2 Units of Arquebusiers </div><div>2 Units of Rodeleros </div><div>1 Unit of Armoured Halberdiers </div><div>1 Culverin </div><div><br /></div><div><u>Second Retinue<br /><br /></u></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Spanish Captain - retinue leader) </div><div>2 Units of Spanish Arquebusiers </div><div>1 Unit of Rodeleros </div><div>1 Unit of Armoured Halberdiers </div><div>1 Culverin </div><div><br /></div><div>A brief description of the game is below but as always a great way to follow the action is by reading the photo captions. This captions for this particular game read almost like those of a comic strip.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZrXyrs2I6rr2GegjpYydN28geEjUzOrotyjM9rD6BgMucwByvrNjCPjBnaMsC163CTb7qAqWQXBXdi6tuPB-grh7TOu3qmrVhhbTNUvhCCjkJ7OiZiI-rwprXx7eOGZGI1wWa9jNj4Er9SEj795FsG0dFWNNQ5Pyo4ZciJpPALZaAxjaApPkE6EkOTMjx/s3780/P1140307.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3188" data-original-width="3780" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZrXyrs2I6rr2GegjpYydN28geEjUzOrotyjM9rD6BgMucwByvrNjCPjBnaMsC163CTb7qAqWQXBXdi6tuPB-grh7TOu3qmrVhhbTNUvhCCjkJ7OiZiI-rwprXx7eOGZGI1wWa9jNj4Er9SEj795FsG0dFWNNQ5Pyo4ZciJpPALZaAxjaApPkE6EkOTMjx/w400-h338/P1140307.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The French forces storm the breach.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8eU9QrihS05BwdWvdALVpQQpj_t5uNHpmVeDj3ceVYaGUVSqApddj0iYf0dqlzsXQbjVZmbv_jXhmBFUFlCbL9FgsDqONJjKN5jVLZRfhCGBkWIlz9ihODV8x_gxw8CwxU1eNe_mvUWZKeLRzBVxTAyGEfxLqb_zY7IHUiqUL4ftCloDoK6FQEE70NCDJ/s3900/P1140314.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2684" data-original-width="3900" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8eU9QrihS05BwdWvdALVpQQpj_t5uNHpmVeDj3ceVYaGUVSqApddj0iYf0dqlzsXQbjVZmbv_jXhmBFUFlCbL9FgsDqONJjKN5jVLZRfhCGBkWIlz9ihODV8x_gxw8CwxU1eNe_mvUWZKeLRzBVxTAyGEfxLqb_zY7IHUiqUL4ftCloDoK6FQEE70NCDJ/w400-h275/P1140314.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landsknecht have been persuaded to fight and a party of halberdiers is first into the breach. They are brought down in a hail of shot.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlvxh60agSeljKPbRkyfWFsXSXZrUm1h_6-8p6MRkV0uY98-GvaOysqTbFJZDdfufQpQ1vvnCbgye0DroeAD1Mex8wNuJkZCMt95WyiyasErbRCQ_IxOtg0nWJ24EskgPJ4Q8FFJVu_ZjZZn8EG9B3vAe2ffWITUMGXYmTgDaKolh-d-6hpBoj19cTl3n_/s2744/P1140348.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2744" data-original-width="2588" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlvxh60agSeljKPbRkyfWFsXSXZrUm1h_6-8p6MRkV0uY98-GvaOysqTbFJZDdfufQpQ1vvnCbgye0DroeAD1Mex8wNuJkZCMt95WyiyasErbRCQ_IxOtg0nWJ24EskgPJ4Q8FFJVu_ZjZZn8EG9B3vAe2ffWITUMGXYmTgDaKolh-d-6hpBoj19cTl3n_/w378-h400/P1140348.JPG" width="378" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landsknecht pike follow only to be quickly brought down by cannon and arquebus fire. Perhaps they would've been better to refuse to aid in the assault!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyjQ7BY_fJrTNN-zI9ZkP6Gudx_sBTBAqL7paM1RnlZmNdVVA-lRYpgR3GGZa3FmDcsMXeGxOVwo1YG3FiI2JZ8hn1apxq67v3hR2ygfyE_P1-TIQOBQbzlklimBKjPdlyc9CA_qcmI9c97AfzXYBZvD-reR8IleAaKGiUoE6RvLDLJGARPWkfG0X3GUyC/s4608/P1140354.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyjQ7BY_fJrTNN-zI9ZkP6Gudx_sBTBAqL7paM1RnlZmNdVVA-lRYpgR3GGZa3FmDcsMXeGxOVwo1YG3FiI2JZ8hn1apxq67v3hR2ygfyE_P1-TIQOBQbzlklimBKjPdlyc9CA_qcmI9c97AfzXYBZvD-reR8IleAaKGiUoE6RvLDLJGARPWkfG0X3GUyC/w400-h300/P1140354.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The scene around the breach as the French push on with the attack.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzgqtOG_xVLahaHz8bjck4zHtCzMtYhXHp66qUpvKIfJrhP37ntAeliRtu3SR3fgzCbtIxCVx3Jp7YsSrdbV44p_DY-W6vwQN1jUAUYgRVQ7hX2yEaoML0U0N7w-MKjUic7sJEOE-rrq4Cp0nLD1cx3kWloBgXXfsck06fi8Q1aJwgFQJJ0Rnydp7q1EH9/s3544/P1140368.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3188" data-original-width="3544" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzgqtOG_xVLahaHz8bjck4zHtCzMtYhXHp66qUpvKIfJrhP37ntAeliRtu3SR3fgzCbtIxCVx3Jp7YsSrdbV44p_DY-W6vwQN1jUAUYgRVQ7hX2yEaoML0U0N7w-MKjUic7sJEOE-rrq4Cp0nLD1cx3kWloBgXXfsck06fi8Q1aJwgFQJJ0Rnydp7q1EH9/w400-h360/P1140368.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The French have sustained horrendous casualties at the breach. Captain Bonneval and his dismounted gendarmes are next into the fortress. Their heavier armour means they survive the storm of shot that is fired into them.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUz5IQyVArd2LmEHWQ5IsBM0rehCFUYjwWGYpko397lMjpqpdl0RP6mZmqEY-IBZ3CbdpnfpKGOQFMjFhCVsBMVXZ_5e9J48exuuA5tnP2ySeZnHx12MxS4olNoaWhMn9pwgwjeXfiIxfW9gmF_v7WXasybfWbvau8SV-TJjZANaLwVEbuWWWCmQ4W2gJx/s4608/P1140382.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUz5IQyVArd2LmEHWQ5IsBM0rehCFUYjwWGYpko397lMjpqpdl0RP6mZmqEY-IBZ3CbdpnfpKGOQFMjFhCVsBMVXZ_5e9J48exuuA5tnP2ySeZnHx12MxS4olNoaWhMn9pwgwjeXfiIxfW9gmF_v7WXasybfWbvau8SV-TJjZANaLwVEbuWWWCmQ4W2gJx/w400-h300/P1140382.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from above the walls. The Spanish defensive formation can clearly be seen on the left with the French units crossing the breach in the centre of the picture.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />To the sound of drums the aventuriers and landsknecht advanced towards the breach. Bayard was surprised to see the landsknecht were first to the attack. They led the assault with a party of halberdiers clambering through the rubble and into the courtyard of the castle. This "Verlorener Haufen" was met with murderous volleys of arquebus fire and slain to a man. Landsknecht pikemen followed their comrades into the breach only to be met by yet more arquebus fire and a blast of grapeshot from one of the garrison's "<i>two falconets". </i>The German mercenaries had paid dearly for their bravery, perhaps they would've been wiser had they refused to join the assault!</div><div><br /></div><div>Next to emerge from the breach was Captain Bonneval followed by the aventuriers, some carrying crossbows whilst others had taken up polearms for the assault. Being armoured head to toe in full harness Bonneval and his men at arms managed to push through the hail of gunshot that was sent their way. Many of the aventuriers were killed or wounded by the Spanish arquebusiers whilst a determined group of landsknecht arquebusiers charged into the courtyard. Their success was short lived as moments later these landsknecht were driven back by a determined charge from the garrison's rodeleros, although the landsknecht fought them bravely and slew many of the Spanish in the melee.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9eLh0Y3US2-MoAvu3zKGel7P01_e_Nqn71SzJ-bXiaChCiNzwqB4LzkHipkd5SdEIsPI8UbUVwgv-5PsI9yKHonjN1DwM9GugVbWo9SNlR3jdUae2XCoe6yTcAaDKIP7RxNPBjmTTHaOymOpmqB2q7ZGcI3_D_kuCEPw7ShWbehzVRyyUTHhumAtbV82d/s3888/P1140390.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3888" data-original-width="3088" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9eLh0Y3US2-MoAvu3zKGel7P01_e_Nqn71SzJ-bXiaChCiNzwqB4LzkHipkd5SdEIsPI8UbUVwgv-5PsI9yKHonjN1DwM9GugVbWo9SNlR3jdUae2XCoe6yTcAaDKIP7RxNPBjmTTHaOymOpmqB2q7ZGcI3_D_kuCEPw7ShWbehzVRyyUTHhumAtbV82d/w318-h400/P1140390.JPG" width="318" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Following Captain Bonneval aventuriers armed with halberds and crossbows storm the walls along with landsknecht arquebusiers...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicYPFhFOgZrX2g2uKtKpOwb5eaXOpngf2tU2SX674FivR0woVk1xpl55jMEoUTkklHe2-3XAiN4uyH2tjUGYZwxZJ7i3HF3BnKm4v1GKglSkYhSCwMq3L2I20PLK25GfllayMgJUQrVU6evvgMq6lHkqEflgwNH1XhM-V-PZqs_vhKZWYyPF9uiBnNoBTZ/s4104/P1140395.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3376" data-original-width="4104" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicYPFhFOgZrX2g2uKtKpOwb5eaXOpngf2tU2SX674FivR0woVk1xpl55jMEoUTkklHe2-3XAiN4uyH2tjUGYZwxZJ7i3HF3BnKm4v1GKglSkYhSCwMq3L2I20PLK25GfllayMgJUQrVU6evvgMq6lHkqEflgwNH1XhM-V-PZqs_vhKZWYyPF9uiBnNoBTZ/w400-h329/P1140395.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...the landsknecht arquebusiers find themselves facing defenders on all sides...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_LJ4NL-JO7Hmm9e_4fjp8yg1vg8X5CtbEtL3aXON_mAuN9DI1CAN_7vnFbjM4Gj_WHzmBLMJ3sBffazZ0PWs4UlPxZikUzCxnCX9lOdeHy2hBM3VPc_44jnl7aEffRYqUJspOt40-5qSdAtH4NKP-ZQ_8uoaGnoiS0OAWNF6jy3D7UdKeTKvDlxE9eAKZ/s4608/P1140398.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_LJ4NL-JO7Hmm9e_4fjp8yg1vg8X5CtbEtL3aXON_mAuN9DI1CAN_7vnFbjM4Gj_WHzmBLMJ3sBffazZ0PWs4UlPxZikUzCxnCX9lOdeHy2hBM3VPc_44jnl7aEffRYqUJspOt40-5qSdAtH4NKP-ZQ_8uoaGnoiS0OAWNF6jy3D7UdKeTKvDlxE9eAKZ/w400-h300/P1140398.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and are quickly driven back by Spanish rodeleros.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsFn6LE-ZuCj7fCWxfwCnhC_rI9BlnJ1_wv4YO1wzHSEDmCYTDP1bAJEUkefSnfoeNAcht-71HNaesW1dIVTVdxwqq7u_rkPIswKXlZcqumgSKzXFPMc2sDtgVRJHaazPbrSFN9bKFdsbq_ggYu2chnkZ-3BOKzKFQ1E1yyRkx7m_-sUsb9-vX8cOjTXer/s4608/P1140400.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3232" data-original-width="4608" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsFn6LE-ZuCj7fCWxfwCnhC_rI9BlnJ1_wv4YO1wzHSEDmCYTDP1bAJEUkefSnfoeNAcht-71HNaesW1dIVTVdxwqq7u_rkPIswKXlZcqumgSKzXFPMc2sDtgVRJHaazPbrSFN9bKFdsbq_ggYu2chnkZ-3BOKzKFQ1E1yyRkx7m_-sUsb9-vX8cOjTXer/w400-h280/P1140400.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bloody scene around the breach.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIe57IjqzAiwSPzVcsnXde5Zyh_8HfgIi-4IIICzkICr8MnigP31UULpllgJystOncMsNqkFPbmLXub77_7USj-jyw6l52GhjUVf8htGRflTb5bthVjcPbmsGcXG2Ix7ACR739Qzrk8rxQ4l1A03C6NmQDWoCRiw6VF4kFsxjSyPCDES1HqjgMUcIL56bJ/s4084/P1140411.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3152" data-original-width="4084" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIe57IjqzAiwSPzVcsnXde5Zyh_8HfgIi-4IIICzkICr8MnigP31UULpllgJystOncMsNqkFPbmLXub77_7USj-jyw6l52GhjUVf8htGRflTb5bthVjcPbmsGcXG2Ix7ACR739Qzrk8rxQ4l1A03C6NmQDWoCRiw6VF4kFsxjSyPCDES1HqjgMUcIL56bJ/w400-h309/P1140411.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A determined Spanish counterattack drives many of the attackers back.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Iqxn2SbkmHIQ-ckgLawC_tFV8B-QcrMhduSFskc2BFmfIvRZfX6UQvGrlc7xs5k-0nX4nKRgztNpVALLuBDZRwpeVlGAQt61MTvlRyzkhfa9p4KYFVpzTMpzFvpt8YWxoXPkQGoLZD_1qYUJs7BbcJZMBASwGJzypR8GNU0G_Emi0Z1Ujp6DmUkJd6Jl/s4608/P1140418.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3060" data-original-width="4608" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Iqxn2SbkmHIQ-ckgLawC_tFV8B-QcrMhduSFskc2BFmfIvRZfX6UQvGrlc7xs5k-0nX4nKRgztNpVALLuBDZRwpeVlGAQt61MTvlRyzkhfa9p4KYFVpzTMpzFvpt8YWxoXPkQGoLZD_1qYUJs7BbcJZMBASwGJzypR8GNU0G_Emi0Z1Ujp6DmUkJd6Jl/w400-h266/P1140418.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Just outside the breach Bayard senses that the momentum of the attack may have been lost.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ZnN5vTzmAg28FCojtt2zjJxzo_-GSENZPot4hLW0P9ilc29wfC6amsxhOKPfQAbkKvhFfx0UeVIz0eyPE6M434Gj7XKVKWeptx_AtCzRVRECIxELMla5G8zDQUDwdi_gpIEJ4aaKDNGLms4d8tFJZ4HiWekRBwDkc4c6po1vsiT7XDHf3gjWh9y9UQrT/s3456/P1140422.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3352" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ZnN5vTzmAg28FCojtt2zjJxzo_-GSENZPot4hLW0P9ilc29wfC6amsxhOKPfQAbkKvhFfx0UeVIz0eyPE6M434Gj7XKVKWeptx_AtCzRVRECIxELMla5G8zDQUDwdi_gpIEJ4aaKDNGLms4d8tFJZ4HiWekRBwDkc4c6po1vsiT7XDHf3gjWh9y9UQrT/w388-h400/P1140422.JPG" width="388" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Captain Bonneval is still inside the walls...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiPiOJmgLctpwS6pCFQ6RAfWgKQ0oT6vuLKh3EoNATBlI5hfum0j_67E7ply64T6hXNxdsRb_KDmq72UqSuu2IY7c96wdy3yEzL1K0_kYC3FTGsSu8UZJbvzahtVY7R-ffd8mZRUU53q3uCEEkgFPUMiNczJ-eBDWgr9pErgC74Nhj9HXTXj1_jrsUCPpv/s4608/P1140437.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiPiOJmgLctpwS6pCFQ6RAfWgKQ0oT6vuLKh3EoNATBlI5hfum0j_67E7ply64T6hXNxdsRb_KDmq72UqSuu2IY7c96wdy3yEzL1K0_kYC3FTGsSu8UZJbvzahtVY7R-ffd8mZRUU53q3uCEEkgFPUMiNczJ-eBDWgr9pErgC74Nhj9HXTXj1_jrsUCPpv/w400-h300/P1140437.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...accompanied by his heavily armoured men at arms he drives back some of the Spanish arquebusiers and...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirqi6FYTuNK-ZnqLsf_JDoOrICKhb3qeLcMaFTWtaOUYbk_YRvidREcLVH14MduoVxMcej3ernpfQ7ad6PW7JS269hQ_I1M75PCD6o4n-1_sBJrnIWWfVgvleYuDzt2HNDH1qcHxumhFKZ42sM6cz3Rnn796H9foqL_N3j5MoXEwBC9O8wVkX20ycU_fhA/s3360/P1140454.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3360" data-original-width="3288" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirqi6FYTuNK-ZnqLsf_JDoOrICKhb3qeLcMaFTWtaOUYbk_YRvidREcLVH14MduoVxMcej3ernpfQ7ad6PW7JS269hQ_I1M75PCD6o4n-1_sBJrnIWWfVgvleYuDzt2HNDH1qcHxumhFKZ42sM6cz3Rnn796H9foqL_N3j5MoXEwBC9O8wVkX20ycU_fhA/w391-h400/P1140454.JPG" width="391" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...manages to open one of the sally port doors, letting in a group of aventuriers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRWo1Oe-jX-YDoDJ4awjObht3BfVKcusCkezuAGV_ENr-OLFVkFaThn_1IR2q6GXbyjn_8YJcgz2E25NZa34kdyWMhjkNK_qDtDzhtlKnQzfaN5NSN3gddV10t9OFLhg5A5pVSckSkdf2MMoF9haP-4txsvTEJJlaefUjMGC8hSHCSdIOrFVdHjfqax0VW/s3720/P1140461.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3720" data-original-width="2136" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRWo1Oe-jX-YDoDJ4awjObht3BfVKcusCkezuAGV_ENr-OLFVkFaThn_1IR2q6GXbyjn_8YJcgz2E25NZa34kdyWMhjkNK_qDtDzhtlKnQzfaN5NSN3gddV10t9OFLhg5A5pVSckSkdf2MMoF9haP-4txsvTEJJlaefUjMGC8hSHCSdIOrFVdHjfqax0VW/w230-h400/P1140461.JPG" width="230" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The aventuriers shoot at the defenders in the castle courtyard but are quickly slain.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The fighting raged around the breach with Spanish halberdiers and swordsmen clashing with the aventuriers as they tried to enter the fortress. Having already been fired upon by the defenders cannon and arquebusiers the aventuriers were quickly broken and sent reeling back from the breach. Captain Bonneval remained inside the courtyard and succeeded in driving back the Spanish defenders that opposed him. Bonneval managed to reach one of the castles sally ports and opened it allowing in a unit of aventuriers who had not yet engaged in the assault. Hoping for loot these rough and ready French crossbowmen charged into the castle but it was not long before they were brought down by the defenders.<br /><br />Whilst the attack was happening through the sally port the commander of the French force, seigneur de Bayard, stormed across the breach and took on one of the garrison's captains in a personal duel. The Spaniard was no match for the legendary Bayard, "le bon chevalier sans peur et sans reproche", and was quickly slain. With a unit of landsknecht pike behind him Bayard led his men into the courtyard driving back the Spanish defenders in front of him. Just as it looked as though the assault might succeed a volley of shot was fired across the courtyard and Bayard fell, the French troops at the breach had lost their valiant captain!<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxty3GkBa57iXmtkQzm7KPULZBSGb9ccavH9cAQ4EN0BNlKxiGgf7NOcqnrdn3BxlYmIRlO8l1DNJdrdRFkCExZa3bdb0vjySUV4ZXwCvIn2lcb0YYBN1WNjDR52qSrwulVXHr9kUBG5wE6Ck65dwKGiqtJQNPFZwRlbNzs8OS33XD9u1SXSOAxHdn_S9p/s3916/P1140484.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2760" data-original-width="3916" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxty3GkBa57iXmtkQzm7KPULZBSGb9ccavH9cAQ4EN0BNlKxiGgf7NOcqnrdn3BxlYmIRlO8l1DNJdrdRFkCExZa3bdb0vjySUV4ZXwCvIn2lcb0YYBN1WNjDR52qSrwulVXHr9kUBG5wE6Ck65dwKGiqtJQNPFZwRlbNzs8OS33XD9u1SXSOAxHdn_S9p/w400-h283/P1140484.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bayard enters the fortress and kills one of the Spanish captains in a one on one duel.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv8Xfe4iA4oisB8ryJm8IwbqM_DYYyF6qvD96n7HnCOEVIaW5vzSkAe9errjTLu5_edgJWVk5SxbpjCdU8yuhbEUkhUKhbqLhRnVwCx478xUlUT7tzX02iZ3KPBlkq1zukmtQr6crJwDzN1CFLU40VDMAPS4yjMasFjxKw31kEg57dCgjOfDg51tFx-IhR/s3828/P1140485.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3308" data-original-width="3828" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv8Xfe4iA4oisB8ryJm8IwbqM_DYYyF6qvD96n7HnCOEVIaW5vzSkAe9errjTLu5_edgJWVk5SxbpjCdU8yuhbEUkhUKhbqLhRnVwCx478xUlUT7tzX02iZ3KPBlkq1zukmtQr6crJwDzN1CFLU40VDMAPS4yjMasFjxKw31kEg57dCgjOfDg51tFx-IhR/w400-h346/P1140485.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bayard then attempts to lead his men in an attack on the Spanish garrison and drive them back...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEoBU7U5ALzmK51kMEQZSkxa8Fy9PjzJgGGg7RuGWnigqIvBzwBxv5y2B1uO_-piIpUyD0qej6d8eDlMlr76BcfMdYzDCp_0CloP8COrGyN1CrmPK0wbrLvBjZ6iTubAGMlcxFGoEBsmkBFdUrpbI5hIAIW8DZXroiLW4nXqEdcs-COKV-O7Kz4eMcE3YL/s3980/P1140488.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2588" data-original-width="3980" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEoBU7U5ALzmK51kMEQZSkxa8Fy9PjzJgGGg7RuGWnigqIvBzwBxv5y2B1uO_-piIpUyD0qej6d8eDlMlr76BcfMdYzDCp_0CloP8COrGyN1CrmPK0wbrLvBjZ6iTubAGMlcxFGoEBsmkBFdUrpbI5hIAIW8DZXroiLW4nXqEdcs-COKV-O7Kz4eMcE3YL/w400-h260/P1140488.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but, like many of the French and landsknecht in the assault, he is brought down by the effective fire of the Spanish arquebusiers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf_nStTkNM9jFK24jydjT_jKBX3qV25fb81-YgIUXJVIrdMFcfeVRpuqowboaFQAO_IC4TvJKHoJ7WYS2TjG3lPTv9tZvnP6mMArPkRfcJOqDFWT-smCcj0InMuuceONreqkwpuv6m8YtrXzajryoby0JWjOESaRkjjy421aPt3CpDwlj92TrpWDv3Rycl/s4184/P1140495.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4184" data-original-width="1920" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf_nStTkNM9jFK24jydjT_jKBX3qV25fb81-YgIUXJVIrdMFcfeVRpuqowboaFQAO_IC4TvJKHoJ7WYS2TjG3lPTv9tZvnP6mMArPkRfcJOqDFWT-smCcj0InMuuceONreqkwpuv6m8YtrXzajryoby0JWjOESaRkjjy421aPt3CpDwlj92TrpWDv3Rycl/w184-h400/P1140495.JPG" width="184" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As Bayard falls at one end of the castle, from the walls of the other cries of<i> "France! France! Navarre! Navarre!" </i>are heard...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJwRbdXlToyhzD-zp9m-IOQaUBFULXsq8dH1ZhIgcSht2MEh5owV_SbXM5tIkCCEkcIsnyhqtbCHv6kM0FmrwFlQaEgLy71O88yRoWrFdXhaci0n7kcitx1gK4uBHz0QZ8vPrTvluNKtBPvHzz4B0auw8t-4WmBQrLDuXGO5FtqCw8Digel-0czbv6kUsn/s3532/P1140500.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3532" height="391" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJwRbdXlToyhzD-zp9m-IOQaUBFULXsq8dH1ZhIgcSht2MEh5owV_SbXM5tIkCCEkcIsnyhqtbCHv6kM0FmrwFlQaEgLy71O88yRoWrFdXhaci0n7kcitx1gK4uBHz0QZ8vPrTvluNKtBPvHzz4B0auw8t-4WmBQrLDuXGO5FtqCw8Digel-0czbv6kUsn/w400-h391/P1140500.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...covered by the noise of the fighting at the breach La Vergne has led his dismounted gendarmes and men at arms in an escalade over the walls...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKXaYIUd2f-YdzJODZGTd10oFfeZwt1RlmoVJ84T9kixUjOSmPSd9Tif_Cca6lsfBLCink9H9pSdjJVr-788wvnGPG9HWCILlA4oUd8pvBJanoAp2zW4ibIiChBtvzXFbn-CwSAMo9-QPrsq1e7k7WZxANpvStRKZGeLOGOujX2h_0Aa8A5hCijpCk--5u/s4608/P1140505.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKXaYIUd2f-YdzJODZGTd10oFfeZwt1RlmoVJ84T9kixUjOSmPSd9Tif_Cca6lsfBLCink9H9pSdjJVr-788wvnGPG9HWCILlA4oUd8pvBJanoAp2zW4ibIiChBtvzXFbn-CwSAMo9-QPrsq1e7k7WZxANpvStRKZGeLOGOujX2h_0Aa8A5hCijpCk--5u/w400-h300/P1140505.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...taken by surprise a unit of rodeleros are quickly defeated.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitEELj1lZdw7e7dypx_V0pknWSYQCF5hCW9h6jeLWohOJtNeFt74OHbxBqhiNRhKHm6mz6o5e7B9KZU0JM8ZdaHot92uDygRcryduFHZTt9nrZJH6HtUHZuo8lv7uhrOd1kpURkMU0x-xmcNB3WhlhyrrhQE7yQX8gB6P-w1Dqt-dZNAyDCVbc6hewtLk6/s4608/P1140509.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitEELj1lZdw7e7dypx_V0pknWSYQCF5hCW9h6jeLWohOJtNeFt74OHbxBqhiNRhKHm6mz6o5e7B9KZU0JM8ZdaHot92uDygRcryduFHZTt9nrZJH6HtUHZuo8lv7uhrOd1kpURkMU0x-xmcNB3WhlhyrrhQE7yQX8gB6P-w1Dqt-dZNAyDCVbc6hewtLk6/w400-h300/P1140509.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Spanish defenders rush to fight off the new attack.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZGZ9L-Z8zIDGJk0t--Gqs4Wh04-uzmU5rPSMZJb4X3CJ35PB_aVfhgXu9PhYgd_2Q4RlTKuTor1l1sUWSOiE8FsMPRvTwpgZSBrFFMQHCdr1K3tm_5exbLeqjyBwunh-SLqqN15sFTbs74QYeq5CN2ppgc5t83y1yGS08vaBiEpIa5WOJyC5I_kPHej0w/s4400/P1140519.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4400" data-original-width="2416" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZGZ9L-Z8zIDGJk0t--Gqs4Wh04-uzmU5rPSMZJb4X3CJ35PB_aVfhgXu9PhYgd_2Q4RlTKuTor1l1sUWSOiE8FsMPRvTwpgZSBrFFMQHCdr1K3tm_5exbLeqjyBwunh-SLqqN15sFTbs74QYeq5CN2ppgc5t83y1yGS08vaBiEpIa5WOJyC5I_kPHej0w/w220-h400/P1140519.JPG" width="220" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The action at the breach, in the top of the picture, is over whilst the bottom of the picture shows the attack by La Vergne's men in full swing.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq6trc9JivMYDtWYU_hO-4XeSxMs6JBw-PXzCf51nO1FPUek9jnwiMKFJxee5ladz71fEv6pgvZEWFB6n7f5347AmdVlB3CQdAUq4UlanJBCQ-afKo9AB0xMbotM513pZuusDO2Pc8ki8dT-mroaOystP-tSNTxwzYAP1RUrjbl0VzN-bogQEyTyf4_cBs/s4232/P1140527.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2896" data-original-width="4232" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq6trc9JivMYDtWYU_hO-4XeSxMs6JBw-PXzCf51nO1FPUek9jnwiMKFJxee5ladz71fEv6pgvZEWFB6n7f5347AmdVlB3CQdAUq4UlanJBCQ-afKo9AB0xMbotM513pZuusDO2Pc8ki8dT-mroaOystP-tSNTxwzYAP1RUrjbl0VzN-bogQEyTyf4_cBs/w400-h274/P1140527.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">La Vergne and his heavily armoured troops fight the Spanish garrison in the courtyard...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTj_oqH0WlI3JLPbOYGtThx7piaDqedFl9WPoLhFislfYdP6Rv7xWkxKV0fp40auybpJpEOjFqxoXP9LN9iahg_fMCQhS-aolzddDC9ielH8Fq7DIPBvnX_VwIzImkBIHGyzSx3_rcZxdoHYfSijsnoGvGGkVh2p0pW2eV4udvdCVvl9OuE1s3aeSbpiCs/s4172/P1140529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4172" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTj_oqH0WlI3JLPbOYGtThx7piaDqedFl9WPoLhFislfYdP6Rv7xWkxKV0fp40auybpJpEOjFqxoXP9LN9iahg_fMCQhS-aolzddDC9ielH8Fq7DIPBvnX_VwIzImkBIHGyzSx3_rcZxdoHYfSijsnoGvGGkVh2p0pW2eV4udvdCVvl9OuE1s3aeSbpiCs/w400-h331/P1140529.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but having seen off the attack on the breach the Spanish are able to bring one of their cannons and their arquebusiers to bear on the attackers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Just as the assault on the breach was coming to an end the Spanish defenders were shocked to hear cries of <i style="text-align: center;">"France! France! Navarre! Navarre!" </i><span style="text-align: center;">coming from behind them. To their horror they turned to see heavily armoured gendarmes and men at arms descending from one of the castle's large towers and charging towards them. A unit of rodeleros was taken by surprise completely and overpowered instantly.<br /><br />As they were no longer occupied by the attack on the breach the Spanish garrison had just enough time to reorganise and meet the surprise attack head on. The surviving Spanish captain directed his remaining cannon and arquebusiers to concentrate their fire on the armoured Frenchmen whilst his halberdiers and swordsmen clashed fiercely with them in the courtyard. La Vergne cut a path through the melee to engage in combat with the Spanish captain only to be defeated and slain in the fight. The rest of the gendarmes and their supporting men at arms were driven back, their surprise attack having been too little too late. As the surviving gendarmes were taken prisoner by the Spanish it was clear the attack was over and the fortress had been held by Spain, despite the surprise attack and the valiant efforts of the </span>"<i>rascally lansquenets</i>"!<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw26ueie8B6ixi6NKGBJpchhj9-3-k6jGaU8oFskgNisTDbuNymEgIc6Onvw3eEBSqumDGanJdf0ExvfhsXTKz5dpNQWGNlzMqnMWaGqSqCgRm-RGk_M3T7uG-HU598-4st_y5P5ptwuq9BTr85YqfSnJlp0xbrUUuvsuPetVrVjUWBJ6rjkMJoHaS--O0/s3920/P1140537.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3336" data-original-width="3920" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw26ueie8B6ixi6NKGBJpchhj9-3-k6jGaU8oFskgNisTDbuNymEgIc6Onvw3eEBSqumDGanJdf0ExvfhsXTKz5dpNQWGNlzMqnMWaGqSqCgRm-RGk_M3T7uG-HU598-4st_y5P5ptwuq9BTr85YqfSnJlp0xbrUUuvsuPetVrVjUWBJ6rjkMJoHaS--O0/w400-h340/P1140537.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A savage melee emerges around the tower that La Vergne led the attack from...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7APyyUAN6j8I0yldUQsfVKDi8kNS4On99eWSTqyBzJDHh6rFSsUPCYfhWndTUCPSaBcyUT4rSijEeTXovDPVLGA2Wr7yfMydTR49sHqX_bfII2eYpSk_-SbBbeCo0cqTXD7oOB-zRDzv22Uq_oEKsIgHJBcVmSuHGJ0W1oG5XMuDybIctgaJDiLWMicEy/s4448/P1140547.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2960" data-original-width="4448" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7APyyUAN6j8I0yldUQsfVKDi8kNS4On99eWSTqyBzJDHh6rFSsUPCYfhWndTUCPSaBcyUT4rSijEeTXovDPVLGA2Wr7yfMydTR49sHqX_bfII2eYpSk_-SbBbeCo0cqTXD7oOB-zRDzv22Uq_oEKsIgHJBcVmSuHGJ0W1oG5XMuDybIctgaJDiLWMicEy/w400-h266/P1140547.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but he is killed in combat with the remaining Spanish captain. The Spanish have triumphed and the French assault has failed.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div>This was a game that was full of dramatic tension as the French tried to storm the castle and gain an advantage over the Spanish defenders. This being Lion Rampant the fact that turns could switch suddenly on a bad dice roll really added to the chaos and drama around the breach. As you can imagine playing a force that was trying to coordinate an attack was pretty tricky and made the game very entertaining. The defenders could suddenly fail activations as well which meant the attackers surged forward unexpectedly and ruined the defensive plans.<br /><br />I probably made a mistake by setting the surprise attack for turn 20 but due the activation rolls in Lion Rampant it is hard to know how many turns will play out and I was keen for some of the French to be well across the breach when the surprise attack came. Initially I thought Tom had made a terrible mistake by placing his Spanish defenders so far from the breach but the trap worked really well as my units would charge into the courtyard only to be defeated one after the other! It was such a different style of game from the pitched battles or ambushes we have played. We will definitely be trying out some more siege rules again as they can make for exciting games, this one playing out like a scene from a movie!</div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-55573880229842912962023-09-08T05:16:00.000-07:002023-09-08T05:16:04.901-07:00Early 16th Century Peasants<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSEMEyGZ-9Em2JsLNs0F7EQ4VbzpItEmpv1_CoL89-InEstf8sVIdyZEcpZ2qVyontF7d6NnX0gv4FqOMzMHRwStj98rfzNnsT_T_6WyrIu1X25C_5Lkl46g2u4KYQ81aFZFBfefeoMnCRV7RIhJD7Bn9Lx8EJEGMHMESD5OouZhFe0TH5a01lnLKlTEQp/s3584/1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="3584" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSEMEyGZ-9Em2JsLNs0F7EQ4VbzpItEmpv1_CoL89-InEstf8sVIdyZEcpZ2qVyontF7d6NnX0gv4FqOMzMHRwStj98rfzNnsT_T_6WyrIu1X25C_5Lkl46g2u4KYQ81aFZFBfefeoMnCRV7RIhJD7Bn9Lx8EJEGMHMESD5OouZhFe0TH5a01lnLKlTEQp/w400-h190/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>This is the first unit for the army, or should I say peasant band, I am currently working on. 71 peasants for the German Peasant's War of 1524-1525. The release of the excellent new miniatures by Steel Fist, <a href="https://www.steelfistminiatures.com/product-category/italian-wars-1494-1538/">https://www.steelfistminiatures.com/product-category/italian-wars-1494-1538/</a>, meant that I could not resist building up a force for the collection. The Steel Fist figures are fantastic sculpts with loads of character that really capture the feel of the early 16th century and match contemporary images of the German Peasants. Whilst the unit pictured is formed predominantly of Steel Fist figures suitable figures from other manufacturers have been added, these being Wargames Foundry, Artizan and even a couple of old Grenadier miniatures and an old Pro Gloria figure, now sold by Warlord. Some of the figures have been converted and head swapped for variation or to bring them more into the 1500s. They have all been armed with a wide variety of different weapons and farm implements from loads of different manufacturers. The banners shown in the pictures are all from Pete's superb range of flags: <a href="https://www.ebay.co.uk/usr/petes_flags">https://www.ebay.co.uk/usr/petes_flags</a>.</div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUzkHBv5ErAhyDwML15joisFwFu-aOhJW2GGUWlTBmqUmGO0s5XqURxbq2nWmw04bUbKxqqZQhVpk3KDlgnCRJpegmhCeru7mcIwDLrdMpqq7ZwzL74sFmOicwWTEjUhHmP2kT0A5xrfT76htPxCgn5Zom0JaQPrUx4GorcPW-e_wFZxBvwElCVJGcUvbn/s3872/P1130993.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2616" data-original-width="3872" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUzkHBv5ErAhyDwML15joisFwFu-aOhJW2GGUWlTBmqUmGO0s5XqURxbq2nWmw04bUbKxqqZQhVpk3KDlgnCRJpegmhCeru7mcIwDLrdMpqq7ZwzL74sFmOicwWTEjUhHmP2kT0A5xrfT76htPxCgn5Zom0JaQPrUx4GorcPW-e_wFZxBvwElCVJGcUvbn/w400-h270/P1130993.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of German peasants prepares to fight under a crucifix and banner showing the "bundschuh".</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ-sEWqGX74fiy8M1GIJxB-Qfbte57CxGJ2MVa51y8cJM-CrurUUZZ8R3W2f6eLLm9BYKy4lLLrFCYrqUzp5XBK8JJvC-2r8pyDgIpDRDKiraFJc59ES285vdRzR9iNms6OmntV1GROl5ki-6S5UxOml4qAGqEFt5637cZBdLRzVKL0oSNv0TRImCK-LgQ/s3592/P1140002.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2312" data-original-width="3592" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ-sEWqGX74fiy8M1GIJxB-Qfbte57CxGJ2MVa51y8cJM-CrurUUZZ8R3W2f6eLLm9BYKy4lLLrFCYrqUzp5XBK8JJvC-2r8pyDgIpDRDKiraFJc59ES285vdRzR9iNms6OmntV1GROl5ki-6S5UxOml4qAGqEFt5637cZBdLRzVKL0oSNv0TRImCK-LgQ/w400-h258/P1140002.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm German Peasant's Wars miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb9ku6Qa5VQKbBmvtBSwGtsJu35BGc0v7upbQzrZnT5xDn2AyhS3D4uWWwANaI0xaH0IbdpRthL5nlQHL7pMrNlKwiVaFxM8PBStSL7olzDafGJXYekSIMtGzvPHi3lKjFuRp_5W0a26vldxKp8ZbYbj4hWOhVUetO8hPxg3iwu7ccWUXKzHJ6Wwf3UJxe/s4044/P1140029.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1552" data-original-width="4044" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb9ku6Qa5VQKbBmvtBSwGtsJu35BGc0v7upbQzrZnT5xDn2AyhS3D4uWWwANaI0xaH0IbdpRthL5nlQHL7pMrNlKwiVaFxM8PBStSL7olzDafGJXYekSIMtGzvPHi3lKjFuRp_5W0a26vldxKp8ZbYbj4hWOhVUetO8hPxg3iwu7ccWUXKzHJ6Wwf3UJxe/w400-h154/P1140029.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of German peasants made up of Steel Fist, Artizan, Foundry, Warlord and Grenadier miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHJ9acjxVCkhhH0qY-dVJYosKoqaDOlik3gjIQDeOF5Ct-OK1mTys_6KfI9qeFgaTD5OxysiANNU8O1lQ9HytasG5dVRWx8UCNRoa-2cHa1_Xcb5tsWlHD4jYHvNwRhF4ha0VXwtO3IADeKT8kvkNQ7IFy8meh2MusCPMCgZEs_DAB2uWHxKOt_RPPvyGO/s3416/P1140056.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2664" data-original-width="3416" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHJ9acjxVCkhhH0qY-dVJYosKoqaDOlik3gjIQDeOF5Ct-OK1mTys_6KfI9qeFgaTD5OxysiANNU8O1lQ9HytasG5dVRWx8UCNRoa-2cHa1_Xcb5tsWlHD4jYHvNwRhF4ha0VXwtO3IADeKT8kvkNQ7IFy8meh2MusCPMCgZEs_DAB2uWHxKOt_RPPvyGO/w400-h313/P1140056.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm 16th century peasants.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigsTqrYw3BlZQl0tomulbsWICTCqJW_ktAq3WO5xLkrEbt3dY34nvygS_UYT3tSwui2MXsO8v5if5qW8GN1XWNxX6bDc7Kw7Af3YGpwDlcRdcTsUQmPFx-tMdbCtn6oByaHlIqd2pUjqWg0uVwkZ2-SQymgEsVCIbMwW4F3gYq6M_GW5Z9wvssFdZB3Gls/s2760/P1140076.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2064" data-original-width="2760" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigsTqrYw3BlZQl0tomulbsWICTCqJW_ktAq3WO5xLkrEbt3dY34nvygS_UYT3tSwui2MXsO8v5if5qW8GN1XWNxX6bDc7Kw7Af3YGpwDlcRdcTsUQmPFx-tMdbCtn6oByaHlIqd2pUjqWg0uVwkZ2-SQymgEsVCIbMwW4F3gYq6M_GW5Z9wvssFdZB3Gls/w400-h299/P1140076.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">German Peasant's War miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAw8udb_VKpALfP6zNboSLWi8XcGqOZ1sjLgFjCrlGrvH8_OD0pi_9LwfIYzdHQDnraHqK1L0bBYMrXXbJYxCiiJqMtDhay9r2Uot-l94fPFYpVdX6eoMergZj_lfooYtcE1INgt9KY2bxx45T8Wtpzon54dUarQnMtJvEqIj81FLBHKAKuxlFygQgd_Pf/s3596/P1140083.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3032" data-original-width="3596" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAw8udb_VKpALfP6zNboSLWi8XcGqOZ1sjLgFjCrlGrvH8_OD0pi_9LwfIYzdHQDnraHqK1L0bBYMrXXbJYxCiiJqMtDhay9r2Uot-l94fPFYpVdX6eoMergZj_lfooYtcE1INgt9KY2bxx45T8Wtpzon54dUarQnMtJvEqIj81FLBHKAKuxlFygQgd_Pf/w400-h338/P1140083.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The figures carry an assortment of weaponry from improvised agricultural implements to bills, halberds, spears and ahlspiess.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj29eRRZw530X35va2UBhf8rYvKelDa6C7KvsvzPhpHxO1FShaBfp4Fq0ggH3GEuT7gbNmAGQumN4fwsvro_qQN9BfDPYxbRmyoTJhco7RRTke7gBIuFwFAAgQsjR47mZVCctEpppSQswvzfnIlqfNDYTzTTgUgNGaUuhbKu_dt9IzMHR07N9mTpozH_7mg/s4608/P1140099.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj29eRRZw530X35va2UBhf8rYvKelDa6C7KvsvzPhpHxO1FShaBfp4Fq0ggH3GEuT7gbNmAGQumN4fwsvro_qQN9BfDPYxbRmyoTJhco7RRTke7gBIuFwFAAgQsjR47mZVCctEpppSQswvzfnIlqfNDYTzTTgUgNGaUuhbKu_dt9IzMHR07N9mTpozH_7mg/w400-h300/P1140099.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The peasant unit from behind.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZJRfFbhMCBvYXdaUBlaIzM_f8cJ95WVfPmHYIK5-eQ7cHO_Gpn8CzfHoLZV_3oHzvsTuRQQBtVwSSP8KqAMMq7Y4z1MACjvlaFvYrNzOsh88T41cXjC_AWh1-Du5LecYsTzb2-ldl6QcGfSWYNRpO83cevP5C-nhtrEpkbgtMCM6sqrL2hy2WW7RRVJHI/s2712/P1140105.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2712" data-original-width="2220" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZJRfFbhMCBvYXdaUBlaIzM_f8cJ95WVfPmHYIK5-eQ7cHO_Gpn8CzfHoLZV_3oHzvsTuRQQBtVwSSP8KqAMMq7Y4z1MACjvlaFvYrNzOsh88T41cXjC_AWh1-Du5LecYsTzb2-ldl6QcGfSWYNRpO83cevP5C-nhtrEpkbgtMCM6sqrL2hy2WW7RRVJHI/w328-h400/P1140105.JPG" width="328" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the command bases with the bundschuh banner.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRhzS5spYzmTTcHVu0XmAq4Q0us7EWy0MpDjCevuFMOHsL2nu9Pmf3NsmOGPTcpIiji9wEHYhRKNKbRc9GEO_r29v2-s23tIF3rUyWHnzyBN79qKv-XGW-kJZaPSh1kRhKzrseOy8IoVvuRLz7JZVrhW9y6ehZQ_lhhT168kggljHsHKYO0zxyOamp1U32/s2844/P1140106.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2844" data-original-width="2252" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRhzS5spYzmTTcHVu0XmAq4Q0us7EWy0MpDjCevuFMOHsL2nu9Pmf3NsmOGPTcpIiji9wEHYhRKNKbRc9GEO_r29v2-s23tIF3rUyWHnzyBN79qKv-XGW-kJZaPSh1kRhKzrseOy8IoVvuRLz7JZVrhW9y6ehZQ_lhhT168kggljHsHKYO0zxyOamp1U32/w316-h400/P1140106.JPG" width="316" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another command base with the peasants fighting under a wooden crucifix. The crucifix is from Essex Miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAe7AUpkpegACUETaUs8A-lnm5drqDC0zOJorjs9wgbctbukEqh8o2YW7XTb7p_-jO1UkvwXzAhABBYnU80-231wfet4nnACetdJinRs1XfzwxB4-KDLf3mYaKzoDvD8b05DnJIMoaMNWo4qIMo1CqBdo3WpKmFMP0YKlXt5r2fC1ysZ1HsK_ykEpyDB1C/s2792/P1140107.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2352" data-original-width="2792" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAe7AUpkpegACUETaUs8A-lnm5drqDC0zOJorjs9wgbctbukEqh8o2YW7XTb7p_-jO1UkvwXzAhABBYnU80-231wfet4nnACetdJinRs1XfzwxB4-KDLf3mYaKzoDvD8b05DnJIMoaMNWo4qIMo1CqBdo3WpKmFMP0YKlXt5r2fC1ysZ1HsK_ykEpyDB1C/w400-h338/P1140107.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An example of one of the peasant bases.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />When working on this unit I wanted a versatile set of figures that could be used for German Peasant's War games but also as Tudor rebels and as militias in sieges. As such the figures have been based in a way that means some of the better armed troops, those with more armour and better weapons, such as halberds, bills, ahlspiess and spears, have been based together whilst those with more improvised weapons and less armour have been based together to represent less militarily prepared peasants. This means I can take some of the bases out of the unit and use them for other armies as shown in the photo below where the better armed troops are representing French infantry from the 1520s.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXqUILlVyLWrpz3ldBRl4lKp5cX8wuheBExR2H6KBm_V7q4FVysOkyqmsoaZ_0RvY3CPI5UKEFSYPRpXp8lCfAS1YjjqrzH_0uv_DLZ8r76jKD37ELm1ds-aDWVqil7WwuTPh_k1X1IJjTXHk2Q4E4ROlGDeqk4b_Iv4PwEohjtPmZI4UzcWwwAh_CTMpn/s3668/P1140108.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2724" data-original-width="3668" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXqUILlVyLWrpz3ldBRl4lKp5cX8wuheBExR2H6KBm_V7q4FVysOkyqmsoaZ_0RvY3CPI5UKEFSYPRpXp8lCfAS1YjjqrzH_0uv_DLZ8r76jKD37ELm1ds-aDWVqil7WwuTPh_k1X1IJjTXHk2Q4E4ROlGDeqk4b_Iv4PwEohjtPmZI4UzcWwwAh_CTMpn/w400-h297/P1140108.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some of the bases serve well as militia troops. Here they represent French infantry for the 1510s and 1520s.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUNUVjLPDfnKdQOK1UMaYn-vaVeGV4gcayGfyx_AFpR8LUdzw_f03NHJABHKmGGrNRBdgJBgR5XcyLUimSZkGRIQGhNvIXlMAfIVNNJUGjRGecrTbdjj72p1YKwh0a3skc7pQ_uI72ufLoTiWS5CmIDVHt_j1-3FQ7qr-bV3CdLYEL_1XsXuJW6h6Qm6Do/s3192/P1140108a.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2868" data-original-width="3192" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUNUVjLPDfnKdQOK1UMaYn-vaVeGV4gcayGfyx_AFpR8LUdzw_f03NHJABHKmGGrNRBdgJBgR5XcyLUimSZkGRIQGhNvIXlMAfIVNNJUGjRGecrTbdjj72p1YKwh0a3skc7pQ_uI72ufLoTiWS5CmIDVHt_j1-3FQ7qr-bV3CdLYEL_1XsXuJW6h6Qm6Do/w400-h360/P1140108a.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Other bases are more suitable for completely unamoured peasant levies as shown by these bases.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGVXgXmUgclZZfH4Z11nn-jfg0co0q9-CLnJX0EitBZKTTc1ey3TaW3yoO31sAuBc-nsKqnZlDds82BnUV-VZ9rTTViVk0KGO9uRJcZFliWI0lsG-t6YBgic57yYowY4MsQmh5DM3OOKu2oWAStyxoxZC7z5MlgtMRoT4UpnqIXmArUtfA3WOhYXHWwa33/s3140/P1140108b.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2512" data-original-width="3140" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGVXgXmUgclZZfH4Z11nn-jfg0co0q9-CLnJX0EitBZKTTc1ey3TaW3yoO31sAuBc-nsKqnZlDds82BnUV-VZ9rTTViVk0KGO9uRJcZFliWI0lsG-t6YBgic57yYowY4MsQmh5DM3OOKu2oWAStyxoxZC7z5MlgtMRoT4UpnqIXmArUtfA3WOhYXHWwa33/w400-h320/P1140108b.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm poorly armed peasants.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The peasant bands that formed during the German Peasant's War of the mid 1520s had landsknecht in their ranks, after all the bands of landsknecht mercenaries were formed from the German population of the time. They followed the organisation of landsknecht formations closely and appointed officers using the same titles such as <i>feldweibel</i> and <i>rottmeister</i>. Some of the Steel Fist sculpts are wearing elements of landsknecht dress to reflect this. The pictures below show the new unit mixed with some bases of landsknecht halberdiers. For German Peasant's War scenarios this is how I intend to field the figures, a mix that includes some landsknecht and some peasant bases. I considered mixing in landsknecht figures with some of the peasants on the bases but I think the method below works well and this means I can also use the peasants for different types of scenarios where landsknecht were not in their ranks.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ1sXvU9tLPEBbJQbVn044EXUoE22BcyWrLH4SpA2Tp3Hhcg8ZQmvf8fVrzjPg3wevOngm8adXGlczTdc6O9J6dKQ-BrRVwGkRvW3f38DlciVcjC-QQUMjCY7ZNU4CKo6jzD9yTTQgl1nIaDTqvAE9Rr4UYkWmUOiv0X7j6FiS8WtmOUO_DTO1XvBXCGnQ/s4608/P1140108c.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1808" data-original-width="4608" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ1sXvU9tLPEBbJQbVn044EXUoE22BcyWrLH4SpA2Tp3Hhcg8ZQmvf8fVrzjPg3wevOngm8adXGlczTdc6O9J6dKQ-BrRVwGkRvW3f38DlciVcjC-QQUMjCY7ZNU4CKo6jzD9yTTQgl1nIaDTqvAE9Rr4UYkWmUOiv0X7j6FiS8WtmOUO_DTO1XvBXCGnQ/w400-h158/P1140108c.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">During the German Peasants War many of the peasant bands had landsknecht in their ranks. Here the peasant bases are mixed with those of landsknechts. Note the "robber knight" on the right of the photo who has been persuaded to join the peasants.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv_Dw2GMgwZfoZa2W3EqVKuYojyVRxah0rNDuEfrAIjo6Qkz9H3N5c-BvlU79hWcrjlGnnoo8ZTFCGVxywrwGPa-r51eEe5Pug0brEMLHl3LGd_GsmLcJ86ZTGLTt_4pF-2i1dzqzfGrzpYBd7c171isuPzfzsm5mwEjdZIj3rMwRQeXfxGAztdulwVUw3/s3304/P1140109.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2396" data-original-width="3304" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv_Dw2GMgwZfoZa2W3EqVKuYojyVRxah0rNDuEfrAIjo6Qkz9H3N5c-BvlU79hWcrjlGnnoo8ZTFCGVxywrwGPa-r51eEe5Pug0brEMLHl3LGd_GsmLcJ86ZTGLTt_4pF-2i1dzqzfGrzpYBd7c171isuPzfzsm5mwEjdZIj3rMwRQeXfxGAztdulwVUw3/w400-h290/P1140109.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Peasants and landsknecht for the German Peasant's War.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS6wy4XZD3jbTmf9TBMdrZGFo9W53k6DTaVxdU2yz19RvVuX4nAgOLKGt_Yn_erRKS1RjrA2oc10I5DPgcnnajU4E8GQCrdHhlITmYmirwLai9HVAzC8ph_IsFrRQT12bFQLSiHb8uFNaRY4JbWjF9sU_d8cMAFlnxdZsNFsAWjJEaShE6i4YP10JlAzPc/s3836/P1140127.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2288" data-original-width="3836" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS6wy4XZD3jbTmf9TBMdrZGFo9W53k6DTaVxdU2yz19RvVuX4nAgOLKGt_Yn_erRKS1RjrA2oc10I5DPgcnnajU4E8GQCrdHhlITmYmirwLai9HVAzC8ph_IsFrRQT12bFQLSiHb8uFNaRY4JbWjF9sU_d8cMAFlnxdZsNFsAWjJEaShE6i4YP10JlAzPc/w400-h239/P1140127.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm German peasants and landsknecht.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />I am also keen to use these figures to game Tudor rebellions. At a push they can work for anything from the Battle of Blackheath in 1497 through to the 1549 rebellions. For the 1549 rebellions, Kett's in Norfolk and The Prayer Book rebellion in Devon and Cornwall, I will mix in some bases of Assault Group figures. The Assault Group have miniatures that are specifically for the 1549 rebellions and would help bring the unit into the mid Tudor period. </div><div><br /></div><div>During the Sixteenth century the English male population was expected to be armed and armoured and to provide many of the troops in the royal army, in many ways a rebel army wouldn't look that different to a force raised by the monarchy. English rebel forces of the era lacked the well armed retinues of the nobility but still included militarily experienced archers and billmen. The hard fighting that the Tudor government's mercenaries and loyal troops had to do in 1549 demonstrates this fact well. To show that English rebel armies were relatively well armed I have mixed the peasant bases with archers as well as better armed and armoured English shire troops, some still bearing the cross of St George on their padded jacks and armour. In the photos below they can be seen under a banner of the Virgin Mary. I think they form a pretty convincing force of Tudor rebels. <br /><br />Another unit of 70 or so armed peasants is on the way so hopefully I will be able to get some pictures of a whole army of these chaps on the blog in the coming months.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRFt5UoQf1d33AYWyZEfCNuzEGIL0yCi2kbZBNy8wIzk4DOYPLnEMwf6UdcS6WDR6mz51NOT_RSIaVzF0gpUPLTy6UFbnu_bMkX1CgygRWJTFZ9AjbOWpbSH2R0sIuSla1Y63pyskH1Ak6G4gUYR9exRIDtf0umP4lVw3ox61pma46FUVB-Hq5OtNYUErg/s4608/P1140165.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2348" data-original-width="4608" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRFt5UoQf1d33AYWyZEfCNuzEGIL0yCi2kbZBNy8wIzk4DOYPLnEMwf6UdcS6WDR6mz51NOT_RSIaVzF0gpUPLTy6UFbnu_bMkX1CgygRWJTFZ9AjbOWpbSH2R0sIuSla1Y63pyskH1Ak6G4gUYR9exRIDtf0umP4lVw3ox61pma46FUVB-Hq5OtNYUErg/w400-h204/P1140165.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Here the peasants have been mixed in with archers to create units of Tudor rebels.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE3ZkJyq2gq4yi437Es4DZEfAgpGGF5lv36FN6c2BV4ydcEJzT1eN63jfFOD3etHSCfeSdxBQWUNn2LwvnFMrYPehqLsaEA565J1cTfZ_dxOaJZ5pjJTjgo2m_bABdZLSvjFotNzpYpnEXyY96cPmqcpuFil8djWy9Z87vdD0U7sKznEsSc7ifcV1jjcqS/s3756/P1140171.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3080" data-original-width="3756" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE3ZkJyq2gq4yi437Es4DZEfAgpGGF5lv36FN6c2BV4ydcEJzT1eN63jfFOD3etHSCfeSdxBQWUNn2LwvnFMrYPehqLsaEA565J1cTfZ_dxOaJZ5pjJTjgo2m_bABdZLSvjFotNzpYpnEXyY96cPmqcpuFil8djWy9Z87vdD0U7sKznEsSc7ifcV1jjcqS/w400-h328/P1140171.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tudor rebels marching under the banner of the Virgin Mary and a crucifix.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6txHiT9uDFqUYP0PMLM51iw4v4gUL6BUXVENpPe4IqfD30TdHBjujzRVP-4K6fLs3mJIqI74G6yZ8wQediv-01bDnmtulMFSuKXBf3_Am9F-zqkjUKJJ4q4CVcaVSUCURQpAi1vRA25Q8vkRjtUMZlktAWz6s8I-A_CVNR6dgOv33BsXvQCriSA95bdN0/s4336/P1140176.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="4336" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6txHiT9uDFqUYP0PMLM51iw4v4gUL6BUXVENpPe4IqfD30TdHBjujzRVP-4K6fLs3mJIqI74G6yZ8wQediv-01bDnmtulMFSuKXBf3_Am9F-zqkjUKJJ4q4CVcaVSUCURQpAi1vRA25Q8vkRjtUMZlktAWz6s8I-A_CVNR6dgOv33BsXvQCriSA95bdN0/w400-h301/P1140176.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm Tudor rebels.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7YMiLB4yYY48vrOITiFVDbZ1hfLvxBPQ0s0KKrUmO4AW7fF75u0g5eC7GkzmCLOT8cSDWzyiXjf8Q5peqK_ZQwhUx_6paar_PTfeFc_l_R13-ZVbpDhRvQnezU-M43PvE-FeW2fUc7-STAihzRXtpVSAkSj7OzlGe6rd2BU_WH6exO-Cc1tY0yjvC5Iar/s4196/P1140185.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4196" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7YMiLB4yYY48vrOITiFVDbZ1hfLvxBPQ0s0KKrUmO4AW7fF75u0g5eC7GkzmCLOT8cSDWzyiXjf8Q5peqK_ZQwhUx_6paar_PTfeFc_l_R13-ZVbpDhRvQnezU-M43PvE-FeW2fUc7-STAihzRXtpVSAkSj7OzlGe6rd2BU_WH6exO-Cc1tY0yjvC5Iar/w400-h330/P1140185.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A 28mm force of Tudor rebels with archers, rebels armed with polearms and light artillery pieces.</td></tr></tbody></table></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-72628791239776423422023-09-01T00:46:00.000-07:002023-09-01T00:46:19.588-07:00Dismounted Gendarmes<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjya5sObp54_AAvUK-f4qWD2nfC-te7XblmQvKaWmXHHyUQJeLUnnWhPgs7QpSI8i5cp8cvH3yh5YwyPcjjjDgShm-2FAmG2PdDyd2gcRUNCjMMDtQvhJXJkHfJfa60SJpLFTAZ1Gt-7v4cBk6hgbxNYKiQobK0MfU5IFEvHq8OlP2TROND8xmqDRXRw_IZ/s3368/P1130930.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2656" data-original-width="3368" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjya5sObp54_AAvUK-f4qWD2nfC-te7XblmQvKaWmXHHyUQJeLUnnWhPgs7QpSI8i5cp8cvH3yh5YwyPcjjjDgShm-2FAmG2PdDyd2gcRUNCjMMDtQvhJXJkHfJfa60SJpLFTAZ1Gt-7v4cBk6hgbxNYKiQobK0MfU5IFEvHq8OlP2TROND8xmqDRXRw_IZ/w400-h315/P1130930.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Here are a few pictures of a recently completed unit, a group of dismounted gendarmes. They are perfect for an up and coming scenario that I have planned this month. The figures are by Steel Fist, <a href="https://www.steelfistminiatures.com/product-category/italian-wars-1494-1538">https://www.steelfistminiatures.com/product-category/italian-wars-1494-1538</a>/, and they really look the part. All have interchangeable heads and plumes, whilst some of the poses are open handed, or can have their weapons swapped with relative ease. This means that plenty of variation can be achieved within a unit.<br /><br />Whilst the classic image of 16th century gendarmes is of them fighting on horseback, often on barded horses, they did at times dismount and fight on foot when required. They were not always keen to do this. During the 1509 siege of Padua, a rare occasion when Imperialist and French forces were allied, the assaults upon the breaches in Padua's walls were going so badly that on 29 September Maximilian I was forced to ask the French and German heavy cavalry to join a final assault against the Venetian held city. La Palice, in command of the French cavalry, reported to Maximilian that they were prepared to join the assault on foot only if the German men at arms would be joining them. Upon hearing this the German heavy cavalry made a fuss and stated it was below their dignity to dismount or storm a breach and that true gentlemen fought on horseback. By October 3 1509 the assault was abandoned as was the siege!<br /><br />Whilst the example above shows there could be reluctance to perform such roles, there were occasions when gendarmes did dismount, either to assault positions or to stiffen the defences of fortifications. The siege of Rhodes in 1522 is a famous example of Knights Hospitaller from all over Europe defending the cities walls on foot against Suleiman the Magnificent's Ottoman army. This could happen on the battlefield too with Robert de La Marck, better known as Fleuranges, and his brother, fighting on foot with the landsknecht in French service at Novara in 1513 and Claude de Guise fighting amongst the landsknecht at Marignano in 1515. Guise also led a force of landsknecht across the River Bidassoa under heavy fire from Spanish forces during the 1521 French invasion of Navarre, whilst a year later Anne de Montmorency, under nominal command of the Swiss at La Bicocca , was joined by other French nobles and accompanied the Swiss in their ill-fated assault on the sunken road. <br /><br />As such this is a useful unit to have as the figures are suitable for different roles in siege scenarios and can be mixed in with other units to represent them being joined by dismounted nobles as in the examples above. In the last three photos below I have mixed these new bases in with some of the more generic 16th infantry I painted up a few years ago: <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2018/05/early-16th-century-infantry.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2018/05/early-16th-century-infantry.html</a>. This could represent them being joined by other infantry for the assault or perhaps show other members of the "lance", the men at arms, "archers" and squires who supported the gendarmes and formed the Compagnies d'ordonnance. The new figures work really well when mixed in with their less heavily armoured comrades.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjId8UQQkC0_e4KEqYnUTOe0KLN7GpMxbDnvI47eIKJL5US00JmwW8fiBMVbAQ3P110jicGgfikJFse7DESf-rLyrNxTiuLvv02w4n5TwEfRuHmYoi3GF_7tE2hcoGktNnjnBuXtDkP6H70PCC-jtPl6Fzvdkw1LOi_6GTny-QI5gyyK1RSzjB6CywFo4ED/s4460/P1130941.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2816" data-original-width="4460" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjId8UQQkC0_e4KEqYnUTOe0KLN7GpMxbDnvI47eIKJL5US00JmwW8fiBMVbAQ3P110jicGgfikJFse7DESf-rLyrNxTiuLvv02w4n5TwEfRuHmYoi3GF_7tE2hcoGktNnjnBuXtDkP6H70PCC-jtPl6Fzvdkw1LOi_6GTny-QI5gyyK1RSzjB6CywFo4ED/w400-h253/P1130941.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm Steel Fist dismounted gendarmes</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgta8FZtulC8FxMmvQCLpqq4ddqrUSU1XWFK10KE7daFVHYd1XcH6CmdI5u9aWe7wVFCLzx4Uv89kIwaKYBPEMTXXnVRaCsjL3G2UywGgpWQYZfKrfuPCXa2QJG6M058HFh_I7q6eTRPRCXCIVtuX0elFDIx5H81qjDaTJforYu3gI9lprl73FeKdJpYJvf/s3864/P1130950.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2512" data-original-width="3864" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgta8FZtulC8FxMmvQCLpqq4ddqrUSU1XWFK10KE7daFVHYd1XcH6CmdI5u9aWe7wVFCLzx4Uv89kIwaKYBPEMTXXnVRaCsjL3G2UywGgpWQYZfKrfuPCXa2QJG6M058HFh_I7q6eTRPRCXCIVtuX0elFDIx5H81qjDaTJforYu3gI9lprl73FeKdJpYJvf/w400-h260/P1130950.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dismounted gendarmes storm the walls of a besieged fortress</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_z2K8MwSPO6uzIBjByDYRtPyh1J4cnKm8ldKubEI3vbN6b-npaHoaD6vTyR0gjPIkjej2zRvzncb_2q7mAhRn4ZcD_OQHmJy5OtxJ2JC3e9554jeBu9Mq0ns_PSfZXbStm4f6bxrYqLeDuFLLt6W-gHWV1HadGIR4VnFo9ofRoyA0qFXXU6EEfPJO4Wni/s4608/P1130955.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_z2K8MwSPO6uzIBjByDYRtPyh1J4cnKm8ldKubEI3vbN6b-npaHoaD6vTyR0gjPIkjej2zRvzncb_2q7mAhRn4ZcD_OQHmJy5OtxJ2JC3e9554jeBu9Mq0ns_PSfZXbStm4f6bxrYqLeDuFLLt6W-gHWV1HadGIR4VnFo9ofRoyA0qFXXU6EEfPJO4Wni/w400-h300/P1130955.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dismounted gendarmes storm the breach</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIodDxBYU8lGcYwntVA9WhrfQ_i7GF0BqDSyyfkgkH3gI-Ttr0b3HvpF4q9hSJAyuh-P8Bs7RsgDzq_Qgxwu2BbOi-ix88VBdxeWaoCYLh5AWlLiyU3yfD0yCS_UQkt5oCkJbpNSc83fZJC6AvuDu1-GjLtwAnDEMwd81gNxx7RFqfV9Yc6zDyoTxtECcZ/s3836/P1130957.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2316" data-original-width="3836" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIodDxBYU8lGcYwntVA9WhrfQ_i7GF0BqDSyyfkgkH3gI-Ttr0b3HvpF4q9hSJAyuh-P8Bs7RsgDzq_Qgxwu2BbOi-ix88VBdxeWaoCYLh5AWlLiyU3yfD0yCS_UQkt5oCkJbpNSc83fZJC6AvuDu1-GjLtwAnDEMwd81gNxx7RFqfV9Yc6zDyoTxtECcZ/w400-h241/P1130957.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm dismounted gendarmes</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwsY6tgdP5feZqEg1-mx2xaXqwOwq3cf_WiWTjPz6Be2VJlAwrx1wKLKmGkFQzUhrRoTHqZ0xjI5pmgA73Mz0AAaS88FGCa16AQAxjx9uALJGEiaIFO35_Gtw6ddGdgBSIG4ANN218PaUuqrUWQxV0nZbpg8hnB2aggjUya6rjbpW6ypZIC8Jb5QZ9_sx/s3868/P1130979.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2812" data-original-width="3868" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwsY6tgdP5feZqEg1-mx2xaXqwOwq3cf_WiWTjPz6Be2VJlAwrx1wKLKmGkFQzUhrRoTHqZ0xjI5pmgA73Mz0AAaS88FGCa16AQAxjx9uALJGEiaIFO35_Gtw6ddGdgBSIG4ANN218PaUuqrUWQxV0nZbpg8hnB2aggjUya6rjbpW6ypZIC8Jb5QZ9_sx/w400-h291/P1130979.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dismounted French gendarmes and the supporting members of the "lance" form a unit on foot</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitIoCFfS5V63Al0Jp4LlBxBjYmidYY8kcgE_Heg0SaobPGrES3DiULmwfb8Qai8VFeC5yuBsCMaGRM-kojbI7Ll3IlBuYRNW_sdqKmfdRkktH6MHHdJE4R5C-ScrELRdmDsNJ-gtacfHdsX85XnlUQkBurM0ad9l-b9f38mygJduI9n3hEp7yKfWzIG2u8/s3140/P1130980.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1868" data-original-width="3140" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitIoCFfS5V63Al0Jp4LlBxBjYmidYY8kcgE_Heg0SaobPGrES3DiULmwfb8Qai8VFeC5yuBsCMaGRM-kojbI7Ll3IlBuYRNW_sdqKmfdRkktH6MHHdJE4R5C-ScrELRdmDsNJ-gtacfHdsX85XnlUQkBurM0ad9l-b9f38mygJduI9n3hEp7yKfWzIG2u8/w400-h238/P1130980.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">French gendarmes and their supporting men at arms and archers storm a breach</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB-0T4gJSTiDefkLzOuDpQBvjzJqpcmqG0AVv2a0iuZK2wSLQ72ZMH-SpApLRwqYhNPff1Yniy0IyyTGIUCQCUO7zeMIiir1SO3kH9ZsOITbGWw7K5uYXaIZFDK5NAHKs04YjasjqsJ6u_lX996Hq5YhP3aRz8adjq8d3-loW-cYA8eXrlggmZVNkt-L2x/s4220/P1130986.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2788" data-original-width="4220" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB-0T4gJSTiDefkLzOuDpQBvjzJqpcmqG0AVv2a0iuZK2wSLQ72ZMH-SpApLRwqYhNPff1Yniy0IyyTGIUCQCUO7zeMIiir1SO3kH9ZsOITbGWw7K5uYXaIZFDK5NAHKs04YjasjqsJ6u_lX996Hq5YhP3aRz8adjq8d3-loW-cYA8eXrlggmZVNkt-L2x/w400-h264/P1130986.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of dismounted French gendarmes and support troops</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-7460787616385851772023-08-18T09:24:00.000-07:002023-08-18T09:24:11.578-07:00"This daie was called the drye wednesday", Henry VIII's march to Thérouanne, 1513<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoTiK3j2I7xd7-ft0fkeMEhGKL94WMNxVDjMI22tAglgORRRPEbmwOEfpfBg667eDT_pPgUbw5haYf1OJ13_8gCVKuWp-Kwe9OvbtqCkza9lzkNZsEGiukH-jTsB9su7x-BE-gRTNCWHSj2fBAyLKjqKbzOFObcQ74uVUZw-rEZ2kQ0gfxmzclTqMV65v8/s3280/1.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2788" data-original-width="3280" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoTiK3j2I7xd7-ft0fkeMEhGKL94WMNxVDjMI22tAglgORRRPEbmwOEfpfBg667eDT_pPgUbw5haYf1OJ13_8gCVKuWp-Kwe9OvbtqCkza9lzkNZsEGiukH-jTsB9su7x-BE-gRTNCWHSj2fBAyLKjqKbzOFObcQ74uVUZw-rEZ2kQ0gfxmzclTqMV65v8/w400-h340/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>During the summer break both Stuart and I have been able to fit in some midweek games. Fittingly, as we don't normally game on a Wednesday, we decided to return to Henry VIII's 1513 campaign in France and cover an event called "Dry Wednesday". As Stuart's English and French armies are specifically for this campaign this gave us an excuse to get loads of Stuart's collection onto the table, including Henry VIII himself. If you are interested in some other aspects of this campaign that we have covered please have a look at: <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/01/the-almaynes-on-foot-would-diverse.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/01/the-almaynes-on-foot-would-diverse.html</a> and the second scenario here: <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/08/belahoe-1539.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/08/belahoe-1539.html</a>.<div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQjU23LgQYCVpVFYpipmPK1Q_HknWIPUhXvxl-MO5xja5rMt6tmny58FEM-HyopbwrHgRjWJQCp4zRsLlF7pCaaOq2wZ9U4HjD5DwTO-V1vpg8DWwpnSJ2acCY9X3RQ2xiho6Uwtoh-NMjVvENzeOLpCcflb69_0FIlQtnBcX5o9tS2F233wqS-iwrOt1U/s2560/P1130469.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="1920" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQjU23LgQYCVpVFYpipmPK1Q_HknWIPUhXvxl-MO5xja5rMt6tmny58FEM-HyopbwrHgRjWJQCp4zRsLlF7pCaaOq2wZ9U4HjD5DwTO-V1vpg8DWwpnSJ2acCY9X3RQ2xiho6Uwtoh-NMjVvENzeOLpCcflb69_0FIlQtnBcX5o9tS2F233wqS-iwrOt1U/w300-h400/P1130469.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An English scout spots the French horse through the morning mist.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2t81sIOGQ_hG7F40W-SWJu5rIzKoTzHfS6lIhN6mrTqXoXdUFAXaXyXFfF0j-P19fxthGqL33jMMK0bCa-JtEjQUYqnA5SUl2-i-SmRw_fONJQ39IZ3mcSgQBX0VyywSfu_Tu7KhwS4n029lVThF3FNHF-8dbB_sVbTm1g5Idcu-y-haJw4BYI5c71QX8/s2416/P1130470.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2416" data-original-width="1520" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2t81sIOGQ_hG7F40W-SWJu5rIzKoTzHfS6lIhN6mrTqXoXdUFAXaXyXFfF0j-P19fxthGqL33jMMK0bCa-JtEjQUYqnA5SUl2-i-SmRw_fONJQ39IZ3mcSgQBX0VyywSfu_Tu7KhwS4n029lVThF3FNHF-8dbB_sVbTm1g5Idcu-y-haJw4BYI5c71QX8/w251-h400/P1130470.JPG" width="251" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The English middle ward takes up a defensive position as soon as the alarm is raised.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><i><u>"This daie was called the drye wednesday"<br /><br /></u></i></div><div>Henry VIII's 1513 siege of Thérouanne began in the English King's absence with the vanguard under George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, and rearward under Charles Somerset, Lord Herbert, beginning the siege on 25 June 1513. Henry would not even arrive in Calais until 30 June with the King finally ordering the "middle ward" to begin the March to Thérouanne on 21 July. Whilst the middle ward was itself a division of the entire English army it was further subdivided into three divisions for the march into hostile territory. In front of the entire middle ward rode the Calais garrison, probably because they were familiar with the local topography and included many veterans. This Calais force comprised of 40 men at arms, 300 demi lancers and 200 mounted archers. Behind this advanced guard Henry was positioned in the centre division whilst two wings each of 3,000 men which were further split into groups of 1,500 men which either went ahead and behind Henry's centre or abreast of him dependent on the terrain. The left of the two wings contained a contingent of landsknecht that had been provided by Maximilian I. The King's centre was also subdivided into two groups with Lord Lisle, Charles Brandon, later to be Duke of Suffolk, leading an "avant-garde" of 3,200 men and Henry being in command of 3,500 men which included his household troops. The front and rear of the middle ward was protected by artillery whilst the baggage wagons flanked the column of troops and had guns mixed amongst them incase a defensive formation had to be made. At the rear another body of light cavalry followed.</div><div><br /></div><div>At Tournehem close to a castle the English middle ward crossed the river Hem which Henry waded across. On 27 July 1513 the English were still in this area when information was received that the French had used the local woods and morning mist to get close to the marching column and were approaching. As Henry ordered the formation of a defensive position the French cavalry advanced with their infantry remaining further off. When the whole of the French force could be seen the English artillery opened fire and it seems a melee developed between the French and English cavalry. This went on for some hours until the arrival of Sir Rhys Ap Thomas with a force of light horse forced the French to withdraw. Hall explains how Henry initially thought Sir Rhys Ap Thomas and his men were French reinforcements. His account of the event is given in full below:<br /><br /></div><div><i>"Wednesday the xxvii daye of luly the releffe of the speres brought in askry, wherfore the kyng commaunded to blow to the standarde, and avaunced his banner & toke a faire feld or banke abidyng the comming of the Frenchmen. The capitaines generall of the army of the French kyng were the lord dela Palice and the lord of Piens, accompaignyed with the duke of Longuyle, therle of sainct Polle, the lord of Floringes, the lord Cleremounde, & Richard dela Pole traytour of England sonne to the duke Jhon of Suffolke: with these capitaines were comyng xi, M. footmen and. liij. M. horsmen, all prest in battayle & came win ii miles of the kyng of Englande, and there the footmen staled and came no farther: certaine horsmen to the nomber of iii.M and above marched forward and at the ende of a wodde shewed them selfes open in the sight of the English army. The kyng perceiuyng there demeanure commanded al his footmen not to remove, but to stand still. The Frenchmen removed and came sumwhat nerer to a place of execucion : then the master Goner losed a pece of artilery or two. As the kynge lay thus still abydynge his enemies, and that the horsemen s'ode still in sight, the great armye of Fraunce approched, whiche the Englishmen could not descrye by cause of an hyll that was betwexte them. The Northerne men ran to the French which manly encontered with them and strake some of them downe and maugre all their powre brought certaine prisoners to the kyng of England. Therle of Essex capitaine of the kynges speres with ii.C. speres lay in a stale, if the Frenchmen had come nerer. The sodainly apered in sight a great company of horsmen and the kynge knewe not what thei were: but at the last it was perceyved that it was the valiant knyght sir Rice app Thomas with his retinue whiche came to the kyng aboute none: which gentilly receyved hym and sent hym to therle of Essex, which incontinentely departed and compassed the hill and ranne to therle and when they were ioyned, they drewe them about the hyll accompaignyed with sir Thomas Gylforde capitayne of ii.C.archers on horsbacke to thentent to have set on the Frenchmen, which percyving the, & dowghtyng more nomber to come after, sodainly drewe back & ioyned then with there great battaile. Then therle of Essex and thenglish horsmen folowed them tyll they came nere the great army of Fraunce and then staled, and sent light horsemen to know the conduite of the French army. When the Frenchmen of armes were retorned to ther battaile, both the footmen & horsmen reculed in order of battell and went back a pace, the Englishe styrrers perceivyng this folowed. iii. leages and returned to therle makyng reporte of that they had sene, and then he brake up his stale and came the kyng declaryng to him how the Frenchmen were reculed. This daie was called the drye wednesday for the day was wonderfull hoat and the kyng and his army were in order of battaile from v of the clock in the mornyng tyll iii of the clock at after noone, and some died for lack of moysture & allmost in generall every man was burned about the mouth with hete of the stomack, for drynke lacked and water was not nere."</i><br /><br /></div><div>Whilst Hall's account has the English seeing off the French with a disciplined stand around the guns and wagons followed by the arrival of Sir Rhys Ap Thomas the "Histoire du bon Chevalier" detailing the life of Bayard described this encounter very differently! Translated into English it reads:</div><div><br /></div><div>"<i>The English army was commanded by the Duke of Suffolk (Charles Brandon) and the Captain Talbot. Whilst they cannonaded the place, the king of England disembarked, and he was nearly taken prisoner on the road from Calais to Terouana (Thérouanne). He had with him nearly 12,000 foot-soldiers, amongst whom were 4,000 lansquenets, but not a single horse-soldier. He was met by Bayard, who commanded a detachment of 1,200 men-at-arms, and not a single foot-soldier. The English prince, alarmed at this, dismounted, and made his lansquenets surround him. Bayard absolutely wished to attack them with his 1,200 men-at-arms, and said to the Lord of Fiennes (Louis de Hallwin, Sieur de Piennes), "Let us charge them. If we break them, we shall have their king; if they drive us back, our horses will carry us off without much loss."</i></div><div><i>Fiennes answered him, "Do so if you wish, but not with my consent. I have orders from the king to guard my country alone and to risk nothing." So no attack was made, and Bayard and his men had the vexation of seeing the king of England and his escort pass.</i>"</div><div><br /></div><div>Whilst it was obviously not the case that Henry's middle ward had no cavalry and the statement about Charles Brandon already being at the siege is incorrect the comments on Henry's panicked dismount to hide amidst the professional landsknecht are interesting. Perhaps the truth lies somewhere between these two accounts. There was some kind of encounter or skirmish on "<i>drye wednesday</i>". After passing St Omer and spending three days at Arques Henry and the middle ward would finally arrive at the siege of Thérouanne on 1 August, over a month after the siege had begun.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiobbuwSHs8_Yo4G3mgfB0OfRXnTdjwBx525aSPCoYYFCMwMDboIFn3pslPGUbgUCjV83lxbVHideTYOPsZbSJmQD3Mb1zSGGNDNnthCPYtECuo3DE9PFFVeZl1Xn9m8BkdsNVmPrZ5wPtI_qYLLyrDsOV0qO5sr0_ex58p2T9-4EofZo4ck8De_YLcUzlo/s1868/P1130478.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="870" data-original-width="1868" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiobbuwSHs8_Yo4G3mgfB0OfRXnTdjwBx525aSPCoYYFCMwMDboIFn3pslPGUbgUCjV83lxbVHideTYOPsZbSJmQD3Mb1zSGGNDNnthCPYtECuo3DE9PFFVeZl1Xn9m8BkdsNVmPrZ5wPtI_qYLLyrDsOV0qO5sr0_ex58p2T9-4EofZo4ck8De_YLcUzlo/w400-h186/P1130478.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"<i style="text-align: left;">The kyng perceiuyng there demeanure commanded al his footmen not to remove, but to stand still" -</i>The English middle ward in defensive array. Henry VIII is to the left of the picture whilst Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Charles Brandon, Lord Lisle, form the two heavy cavalry units to the centre right.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTS2Btm1lKoxOSavov6kPMLPI7Bd2devrFmm5baDnmCaNDOumUBtlKH2HcP-kBhgXT7K1EHWPyOmhik3DR5eBop3CgDr9PeH8QbzH8uoHBvJS9DOvFYKfHo1KiDxtpGPkxqzkx5PH1GNNcf-ySqk0JHR1v17OTwTC8bnN7Xl4FcDVZlCzPbzXoMDsHtiaB/s4608/P1130482.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTS2Btm1lKoxOSavov6kPMLPI7Bd2devrFmm5baDnmCaNDOumUBtlKH2HcP-kBhgXT7K1EHWPyOmhik3DR5eBop3CgDr9PeH8QbzH8uoHBvJS9DOvFYKfHo1KiDxtpGPkxqzkx5PH1GNNcf-ySqk0JHR1v17OTwTC8bnN7Xl4FcDVZlCzPbzXoMDsHtiaB/w400-h300/P1130482.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry is surrounded by his elite troops along with plenty of artillery.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>Scenario</u></div><div><br /></div><div>For this game we had Henry VIII and the middle ward being attacked by a large contingent of French cavalry. Each army was divided into 2 retinues. The game started with Henry VIII and his retinue being deployed along one long table edge within 18" of that table edge. Sir Rhys Ap Thomas's retinue was not deployed on the table nor were those of the French, under La Palice and Sieur de Piennes. The French would arrive from the table edge opposite the English middle ward.</div><div><br /></div><div>The French started first with each retinue taking a turn. All retinues not on the table had to deploy via move activations. They could only enter the table via a move activation and could not shoot, attack or skirmish when first arriving.</div><div><br /></div><div>The English could start to role for the arrival of Sir Rhys Ap Thomas's retinue from the start of turn 5. On the first roll (at the start of turn 5) a 10+ on 2D6 would herald the arrival of the Sir Rhys Ap Thomas's retinue. The following turn a 9+ would mean they could arrive and the following turn a 8+ and so on. For the arrival of Sir Rhys Ap Thomas's retinue when the first unit was brought on the English player rolled a D6. On a 1-3 his retinue would arrive from the shorter table edge to the right hand side of the English deployment and on a 4-6 his retinue would arrive from the shorter table edge to the left hand side of the English deployment.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Victory<br /><br /></u></div><div>Victory was based on victory points. </div><div><br /></div><div>The English would get:</div><div><br /></div><div>3 Points if La Palice was killed or routed</div><div>3 Points if Louis de Hallwin, Sieur de Piennes, was killed or routed</div><div>3 Points if Louis I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville's unit was destroyed or routed</div><div>3 Points if Bayard's unit was destroyed or routed</div><div><br /></div><div>The French would get:</div><div><br /></div><div>6 Points if Henry VIII was killed or routed</div><div>3 Points if Sir Rhys Ap Thomas was killed or routed</div><div>3 points if Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex's unit was killed or routed</div><div>3 points if Sir Charles Brandon, Lord Lisle's unit was killed or routed<br /><br />As always the games were played using our heavily modified Renaissance Rampant adaption of Lion Rampant. Stuart played the French whilst I took command of the English middle ward.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2_Hk-9XQw-LsY3ZlLUrAamxqVMk91vlUX2fCpysbt0teRjL1u-o1CkRDUVsufNNs6E8MwoSn6ispdcCIdeCWhjet9O9OMDQ1OJ5PwhyTKDlSTo177iYnF28HzqgX-OQpP5nElOipwR4JPg6S3tFQBQk6Zb_xdRxMKF89jAgHQQV5fiqAXo1bSpO9etL_4/s4608/P1130492.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2_Hk-9XQw-LsY3ZlLUrAamxqVMk91vlUX2fCpysbt0teRjL1u-o1CkRDUVsufNNs6E8MwoSn6ispdcCIdeCWhjet9O9OMDQ1OJ5PwhyTKDlSTo177iYnF28HzqgX-OQpP5nElOipwR4JPg6S3tFQBQk6Zb_xdRxMKF89jAgHQQV5fiqAXo1bSpO9etL_4/w400-h300/P1130492.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yeoman of the Guard stiffen the ranks of the middle ward.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The English</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>Henry VIII, King of England and the English middle ward</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights - (King Henry VIII, retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Kings Spears (Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex)</div><div>1 Unit of Kings Spears (Sir Charles Brandon, Lord Lisle)</div><div>1 Unit of Yeoman of the Guard (armed with Arquebus)</div><div>1 Unit of English Pike</div><div>1 Unit of Mounted Archers</div><div>2 Units of Garrison Longbowmen</div><div>1 Unit of Shire Bill</div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Pike</div><div>2 Culverins</div><div>3 Organ guns to assign to 3 units</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Sir Rhys Ap Thomas and the "light cavalry"</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Demilancers - (Sir Rhys Ap Thomas, retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Demilancers</div><div>2 Units of Border Horse</div><div>1 Unit of Mounted Archers</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The French</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>Louis de Hallwin, Sieur de Piennes and Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard and their cavalry</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Louis de Hallwin, Sieur de Piennes, retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard)</div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes</div><div>2 Units of Men at Arms<br /><div>1 Unit of French Ordonnance Archers with bows</div><div>2 Units of French Ordonnance Archers with lances</div><div>2 Units of Mounted Crossbowmen</div></div><div><br /></div><div><u>Jacques de La Palice and Louis I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville, and their cavalry</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Jacques de la Palice, <span style="text-align: center;">Lord of Chabannes, </span>retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Louis I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville)</div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes</div><div>2 Units of Men at Arms</div><div><div>2 Units of French Ordonnance Archers with lances</div><div>2 Unit of Stradiots<br /><br />The captions under the photos are the best way to follow the action but a brief write up follows.</div></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcQjGJ_47V79DRtVHvKQaKXt3NhcJgGpp6iBisRfIoYpVxGh01WuJtIb7fOaP4ccpQS1QKWITedqnT7uNUF8fxrbmv9GR3LnjKdLAm8UiFigBLpWzfDJlQSvRDdBILbgd0tkN9kx_YAOtwn3AHhnmcYfU1R2HqPWcsiVc_7KMc3QZee7wCe6UoV-KJy8Up/s3288/P1130503.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3288" data-original-width="2896" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcQjGJ_47V79DRtVHvKQaKXt3NhcJgGpp6iBisRfIoYpVxGh01WuJtIb7fOaP4ccpQS1QKWITedqnT7uNUF8fxrbmv9GR3LnjKdLAm8UiFigBLpWzfDJlQSvRDdBILbgd0tkN9kx_YAOtwn3AHhnmcYfU1R2HqPWcsiVc_7KMc3QZee7wCe6UoV-KJy8Up/w353-h400/P1130503.JPG" width="353" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From the cover of the woods and mist the French cavalry ride into view. The top left of the photo shows Louis de Hallwin, Sieur de Piennes retinue of which Bayard is a part whilst the bottom left shows the troops of Jacques de la Palice, Lord of Chabannes.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwMLWNl4BRpWm_LGSbRLgTBaZu-wFbE8n6WZrKp_KTBwb6hKMMgirph5mrZhGRlA-0F2MbOlc31uWAPyd80lsnpPBfVrCkJPoAnwvcxZD0WyzFlltL_mxaUwTViJlW3OEAP66rynaEMbkU5IY29RyPYtIxKSn9QaPcW8LeQHZOB7TX-ehAnHxX4ozvHfwx/s1920/P1130507.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwMLWNl4BRpWm_LGSbRLgTBaZu-wFbE8n6WZrKp_KTBwb6hKMMgirph5mrZhGRlA-0F2MbOlc31uWAPyd80lsnpPBfVrCkJPoAnwvcxZD0WyzFlltL_mxaUwTViJlW3OEAP66rynaEMbkU5IY29RyPYtIxKSn9QaPcW8LeQHZOB7TX-ehAnHxX4ozvHfwx/w400-h300/P1130507.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The light troops under La Palice, Stradiots and lancers, race out of the woods to attack the English left flank.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcdEkT_yPW_k2KE8deV1w0ZTfO_g14tmLsb4iG-bi1JOJPiaZdklv8s9VignF8zzz8HKzkgzGh1-d9jRHBIMC8tklgIDFuHh-c_mKg2XNd_ChQ98-oKhEl3d4Oi-lgsf8LC-j3lTIMI7ttnHgeb_HuivEPFhbCdzDfDhCk4U9WZrK9m8C5VWm3hk7jhdE1/s2544/P1130511.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2544" data-original-width="2164" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcdEkT_yPW_k2KE8deV1w0ZTfO_g14tmLsb4iG-bi1JOJPiaZdklv8s9VignF8zzz8HKzkgzGh1-d9jRHBIMC8tklgIDFuHh-c_mKg2XNd_ChQ98-oKhEl3d4Oi-lgsf8LC-j3lTIMI7ttnHgeb_HuivEPFhbCdzDfDhCk4U9WZrK9m8C5VWm3hk7jhdE1/w340-h400/P1130511.JPG" width="340" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The English middle ward forms up with archers and organ guns ready.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8TniARUem0GJwPln79R05nkyB9QjwnM0wWGQ0LuHLgytNsvM2PcAH-1LemFZBltnNbES4ENKDWFDTG8OD8-qMvSLWGmX6p3tPeoeaV7iwRWDLGZKRZVYDyXevcCMu7uthtf0Ft3risYXuChtQbE-EbB0CYRKsnXwI1mX2eUGrhd2xFn7BrMDNaxoTfwIN/s2568/P1130517.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2392" data-original-width="2568" height="373" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8TniARUem0GJwPln79R05nkyB9QjwnM0wWGQ0LuHLgytNsvM2PcAH-1LemFZBltnNbES4ENKDWFDTG8OD8-qMvSLWGmX6p3tPeoeaV7iwRWDLGZKRZVYDyXevcCMu7uthtf0Ft3risYXuChtQbE-EbB0CYRKsnXwI1mX2eUGrhd2xFn7BrMDNaxoTfwIN/w400-h373/P1130517.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Sieur de Piennes, in the foreground, leads his horsemen towards the English.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju2yMEJRXREs3p-yIBzERTKn9qFp5PULLgLCEb-5A4UKkN1wNF1zNAv8vXHr8KkgoQ_V-5ot1CnIJFNZYkYCTqBcLLRoKJwerrydOV3h9X0ZlD9mDiRoS_SRr18qMbChTcPvvFGtJyD3v3nFLqVVO2G5_jjkTvWL2PbbcMQ42yiJWWeEMyeJaNZ_YpeJgz/s2536/P1130526.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2536" data-original-width="2404" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju2yMEJRXREs3p-yIBzERTKn9qFp5PULLgLCEb-5A4UKkN1wNF1zNAv8vXHr8KkgoQ_V-5ot1CnIJFNZYkYCTqBcLLRoKJwerrydOV3h9X0ZlD9mDiRoS_SRr18qMbChTcPvvFGtJyD3v3nFLqVVO2G5_jjkTvWL2PbbcMQ42yiJWWeEMyeJaNZ_YpeJgz/w379-h400/P1130526.JPG" width="379" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard, leads gendarmes, men at arms and lancers towards the English right flank.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU6LOEfPmR3dtgXdPhN0iZd-_AxiDirqifeMmmb2OEPfOCo_rsT7mJIWiy4vx9Lx3hiUGfJr6-vLmU9Yo0ijRiBxRLXL4ecPvpDBKOsrNmm9wjN1xG_EWybPXrhU0-9L8cUdaz3RdPBvG9iV3OFdSw2f830g3-kG_0GMpfpwGFvPmB-7Cj9dozRkO2OnYl/s2740/P1130536.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2696" data-original-width="2740" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU6LOEfPmR3dtgXdPhN0iZd-_AxiDirqifeMmmb2OEPfOCo_rsT7mJIWiy4vx9Lx3hiUGfJr6-vLmU9Yo0ijRiBxRLXL4ecPvpDBKOsrNmm9wjN1xG_EWybPXrhU0-9L8cUdaz3RdPBvG9iV3OFdSw2f830g3-kG_0GMpfpwGFvPmB-7Cj9dozRkO2OnYl/w400-h394/P1130536.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The veterans in the Yeoman of the Guard defend the left flank of the middle ward.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKfVOjOhpS_sgpXFOfk-gUoGSqvjz9keJVLC4FHmwuFwNb-4272yuNzjPOIKI5rfDcqxS4kHEwplRTfat1CqcEufznapUWIC1hsSlldcrU9Q5l73Npk_uip8rPArbzteBEKa6BJ2g4UUEgFGTpPLmGvQh4KRgSSLoaFrQkWssweUjTlQGOP6iBHClUjak6/s1920/P1130541.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1260" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKfVOjOhpS_sgpXFOfk-gUoGSqvjz9keJVLC4FHmwuFwNb-4272yuNzjPOIKI5rfDcqxS4kHEwplRTfat1CqcEufznapUWIC1hsSlldcrU9Q5l73Npk_uip8rPArbzteBEKa6BJ2g4UUEgFGTpPLmGvQh4KRgSSLoaFrQkWssweUjTlQGOP6iBHClUjak6/w263-h400/P1130541.jpg" width="263" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table from above. The English can be seen on the left with the French cavalry emerging on the right. The photo does not show that there are also French cavalry riding towards the English flanks.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk0HMV67VNh1R95PFIYDwPtYC97LWYAxMwBsAO4-vRELuwAhv5MIc14b_8pJpULkD4okECehBLUwRwXkf32vzqYEz0OuJfVq03Ie5gfbNn8SvXx0TQfkpTC-L5V3r_VcMMSBBpfiADDQ8qOIfmKmFweexeyvBncpY95tY99kbc651BMrvnXJgZKvtdKeii/s3096/P1130547.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2844" data-original-width="3096" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk0HMV67VNh1R95PFIYDwPtYC97LWYAxMwBsAO4-vRELuwAhv5MIc14b_8pJpULkD4okECehBLUwRwXkf32vzqYEz0OuJfVq03Ie5gfbNn8SvXx0TQfkpTC-L5V3r_VcMMSBBpfiADDQ8qOIfmKmFweexeyvBncpY95tY99kbc651BMrvnXJgZKvtdKeii/w400-h368/P1130547.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the Sieur de Piennes retinue, Bayard can be seen in the distance.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuXSUxzOpBSU-0refSqTvZxi8eXUqJc26b9LT4JdeknYRze6NXtWhreieNrfWRDTo6OOfXIRMuMaHkn2tIzN48xCiq50TyjSZe1P_wVv7pkiE8O2whWRy6uVniinmXUEd48VhGearN2jJnwe-kU7CVUGN2G3jx-GvJ2PGGWNKAggucDNnjrSsdLiPejyLj/s3456/P1130552.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="2248" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuXSUxzOpBSU-0refSqTvZxi8eXUqJc26b9LT4JdeknYRze6NXtWhreieNrfWRDTo6OOfXIRMuMaHkn2tIzN48xCiq50TyjSZe1P_wVv7pkiE8O2whWRy6uVniinmXUEd48VhGearN2jJnwe-kU7CVUGN2G3jx-GvJ2PGGWNKAggucDNnjrSsdLiPejyLj/w260-h400/P1130552.JPG" width="260" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view down the French lines from La Palice's viewpoint.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />As the English scouts sounded the alarm the English King, Henry VIII, "<i>commaunded to blow to the standarde</i>" and the English middle ward formed a defensive position around the monarch. Whilst Henry was surrounded by his artillery, with the heavy cavalry held back, the middle wards flanks were covered by Yeomen of the Guard and mounted archers. Out of the mist and from behind the hills and woods a host of French cavalry emerged. Whilst lancers and gendarmes headed straight for the centre of the English position the English left flank was threatened by stradiots whilst the English right saw gendarmes under Bayard heading towards it accompanied by mounted crossbowmen, lancers and men at arms.<br /><br />The first fighting to take place was in the centre of the field where "<i>Therle of Essex capitaine of the kynges speres" </i>led his heavy cavalry out to meet the advancing French horse. He successfully drove the French men at arms back whilst the lancers accompanying them were decimated when they were caught at close range by an organ gun. On the English left flank the initial attack was also driven back as the Yeoman of the Guard held firm but on the English right things looked more worrying as Bayard, leading a large outflanking force, easily pushed through the mounted archers that faced him.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTzcMybSOWaRDW9P0KXjhY56v3Yl2KpFlm1WNCKayn64pNjeWAiC40gUgyb06VT5zUT_oMdCyoJ4Y75wtKBG-xbilLRb9E0FZFS46CBIEF_K7UmJt9Ehj14F5kEPp40TlbkM-CwukATCf7MS5etw2QUlDjV-HnQJlrbEnqWh1P_okarUmwprMhUuVfxatH/s3452/P1130567.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2640" data-original-width="3452" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTzcMybSOWaRDW9P0KXjhY56v3Yl2KpFlm1WNCKayn64pNjeWAiC40gUgyb06VT5zUT_oMdCyoJ4Y75wtKBG-xbilLRb9E0FZFS46CBIEF_K7UmJt9Ehj14F5kEPp40TlbkM-CwukATCf7MS5etw2QUlDjV-HnQJlrbEnqWh1P_okarUmwprMhUuVfxatH/w400-h306/P1130567.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table as the French advance. Some of the English units have pushed forward ready to meet the oncoming enemy.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Jn-vYiTRgfoD1fUU7dH22Q1zq7qGkhUoHbA_PkWidy9QxHOX3txUUVNgZxH3npvgRhvAFH7rshQ_ups795USErneRLe2CC9TrywSoqEaLLAA_wrLSqr3dPtWaSbMzs2m8rnsoB4pVqow3bMM-WOfomcnCnvSMdG0K0q_y-JCBokzrffRG8uQ4oiEG8Kc/s1920/P1130568%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Jn-vYiTRgfoD1fUU7dH22Q1zq7qGkhUoHbA_PkWidy9QxHOX3txUUVNgZxH3npvgRhvAFH7rshQ_ups795USErneRLe2CC9TrywSoqEaLLAA_wrLSqr3dPtWaSbMzs2m8rnsoB4pVqow3bMM-WOfomcnCnvSMdG0K0q_y-JCBokzrffRG8uQ4oiEG8Kc/w400-h300/P1130568%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jacques de la Palice commands his retinue whilst keeping a safe distance from the English guns and archers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVcFSxYw2eyL0x-le0otDcPZYYMjbMLK34Ne2ywa7UjkAIEtwNtJ4u_LGRRFbi8QGXgAR6ehvUvwyPqG7-iBoTEBRTkpOFcuD-nLNFwtTAXExVyWu5kMumXchHXaIaWkSU1TgAJCIuVHlr8bFRNeH_ItnHCtuXLsZcDotEZyOh9Vwb__bWPmn6OlzQJroc/s4212/P1130590.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2060" data-original-width="4212" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVcFSxYw2eyL0x-le0otDcPZYYMjbMLK34Ne2ywa7UjkAIEtwNtJ4u_LGRRFbi8QGXgAR6ehvUvwyPqG7-iBoTEBRTkpOFcuD-nLNFwtTAXExVyWu5kMumXchHXaIaWkSU1TgAJCIuVHlr8bFRNeH_ItnHCtuXLsZcDotEZyOh9Vwb__bWPmn6OlzQJroc/w400-h196/P1130590.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">French men at arms and lancers crash into the English lines. Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex, engages with the men at arms and pushes them back.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg50io7k8hfcGZNhJheDmHpUeNdVyRdDTB2d-pxLCpev8aJbbXuGtEH6f5wwnesNtUmaS_o1cnLhwiWJRDrAud71mbLUPjnfX-cckG14SshowUedgUJP_oaOnp8ZWlSAixMUWci15EWqgmxw5XBTeekcH_ELuRLioQaekyz9VVdnS7t8UNCsefIib-x_yVP/s4608/P1130594.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3160" data-original-width="4608" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg50io7k8hfcGZNhJheDmHpUeNdVyRdDTB2d-pxLCpev8aJbbXuGtEH6f5wwnesNtUmaS_o1cnLhwiWJRDrAud71mbLUPjnfX-cckG14SshowUedgUJP_oaOnp8ZWlSAixMUWci15EWqgmxw5XBTeekcH_ELuRLioQaekyz9VVdnS7t8UNCsefIib-x_yVP/w400-h274/P1130594.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On the English right flank Bayard, <i>"le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche"</i>, rides down the English mounted archers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXtbkXVOKsjGz3jKu_F-W3TlcZ_kuMOzU2WB5gLyshspANqNY-LflFq5dTs7iVoqgy9QFnGo4EkQqm049V8CPav1dhxW9QKW9bCdu9lJZHYLvviesXvIqaNfV7eVaKXc1jgqDOsgYTjz6qe0hYpa8sQLhsOB9xulolQbOcirsFb5P0pHvmkzPOLeS43GDr/s4392/P1130610.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4392" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXtbkXVOKsjGz3jKu_F-W3TlcZ_kuMOzU2WB5gLyshspANqNY-LflFq5dTs7iVoqgy9QFnGo4EkQqm049V8CPav1dhxW9QKW9bCdu9lJZHYLvviesXvIqaNfV7eVaKXc1jgqDOsgYTjz6qe0hYpa8sQLhsOB9xulolQbOcirsFb5P0pHvmkzPOLeS43GDr/w400-h315/P1130610.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the centre of the middle ward Henry looks on as one of his organ guns decimates an attacking unit of French lancers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3QOTWeHVx2VSwXM7Wn-YhgSAHqS6pXcnFmpF4csTn7PwIdyRQxPC6g5sNHjG1-sMd0GIOELi1-7B8Pz7cayxzMV91dcNXXFRT3PsF1QwIuJJR2GfXQLPzNtZwrkb30Wl5mh3_8KhLGz9jMB7fB4ceHfaKwBQfXR4HBOXDzYhBDEhngp2ZQRPu7Zphy2wH/s3456/P1130613.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3064" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3QOTWeHVx2VSwXM7Wn-YhgSAHqS6pXcnFmpF4csTn7PwIdyRQxPC6g5sNHjG1-sMd0GIOELi1-7B8Pz7cayxzMV91dcNXXFRT3PsF1QwIuJJR2GfXQLPzNtZwrkb30Wl5mh3_8KhLGz9jMB7fB4ceHfaKwBQfXR4HBOXDzYhBDEhngp2ZQRPu7Zphy2wH/w355-h400/P1130613.JPG" width="355" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some of the demilancers under the command of Sir Rhys Ap Thomas arrive on the field, but are they too late?</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrBmLIbI55QbzfVsJJzOurqJu17mvZ90C3SdL6vrztdL7AF1pdJFjsVuyMrcavbID4TeNV2b5BLPDaz9FmXskHaitL3ZL1E9plhq0p1owhHp_N7YS69nvjindHG0cN_K5Hbth4h5RBdOi5ogHJg8RLFdq0yp031wNEfuEVklE5KIFxALXtKClypDfJdihk/s1920/P1130619.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrBmLIbI55QbzfVsJJzOurqJu17mvZ90C3SdL6vrztdL7AF1pdJFjsVuyMrcavbID4TeNV2b5BLPDaz9FmXskHaitL3ZL1E9plhq0p1owhHp_N7YS69nvjindHG0cN_K5Hbth4h5RBdOi5ogHJg8RLFdq0yp031wNEfuEVklE5KIFxALXtKClypDfJdihk/w400-h300/P1130619.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry Bourchier, leads <i>"the kynges speres" </i>into the fray.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFU8O5Q5-hQ_f4lcmnYmiEfMjF9AaEqYbV2EPHvPnL7W3VhibEq4V_d6MVxz6uiTRGz71w-WFCg65KblzjTJeHgrTM1wG4gMBunbH8C2WYgizj5PpjhNYxjYzn8_8D5dJfSV-r2q1I6EWQJo2S72TgXhM6Grie0NYFGv7LF7PzQApF8ZFpVDCMIFHcbKhF/s2560/P1130620%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="1920" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFU8O5Q5-hQ_f4lcmnYmiEfMjF9AaEqYbV2EPHvPnL7W3VhibEq4V_d6MVxz6uiTRGz71w-WFCg65KblzjTJeHgrTM1wG4gMBunbH8C2WYgizj5PpjhNYxjYzn8_8D5dJfSV-r2q1I6EWQJo2S72TgXhM6Grie0NYFGv7LF7PzQApF8ZFpVDCMIFHcbKhF/s320/P1130620%20(2).jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex, and a unit of the Kings Spears.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji8vj9ZikoMNQkAG1QilHJypBm_KbQsAOxQWyIkbz_YtxL19zaGyE7vvK2uIz63_gOoUGQ7uOnXq3kHOnEyKeBQgveON-EfV6M-rV8dnxOL6d6GKu7FZVt-9UohZIl5Hh54hfMt6BVdSnVHNladL3wGV72uU--oyGFUGorL9VdusAvnHUZAbO8Sb9GUnRQ/s4608/P1130623.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji8vj9ZikoMNQkAG1QilHJypBm_KbQsAOxQWyIkbz_YtxL19zaGyE7vvK2uIz63_gOoUGQ7uOnXq3kHOnEyKeBQgveON-EfV6M-rV8dnxOL6d6GKu7FZVt-9UohZIl5Hh54hfMt6BVdSnVHNladL3wGV72uU--oyGFUGorL9VdusAvnHUZAbO8Sb9GUnRQ/w300-h400/P1130623.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the field from above, the French cavalry are encircling the English middle ward. Bayard and a powerful contingent of cavalry can be seen a the bottom of the photo, threatening the English right flank.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh53INdYD9GSif_0uOZOr4Ww2xVjvcDwF5m11v9UfdPjBNirlJ4Sa46rFtuWiFaSkLtg1fvTGTVwPM5QnYA94ky2kJXHwGe1YOnBdYtYPEaxFGnbBcAdJDBR1T-UikOQszj04fRZjRaoKRMwhi0JQby1jD1n0uNl7m8HHCWZ9RI4yY3vrn0IwXxi3kcYxHG/s4608/P1130625.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh53INdYD9GSif_0uOZOr4Ww2xVjvcDwF5m11v9UfdPjBNirlJ4Sa46rFtuWiFaSkLtg1fvTGTVwPM5QnYA94ky2kJXHwGe1YOnBdYtYPEaxFGnbBcAdJDBR1T-UikOQszj04fRZjRaoKRMwhi0JQby1jD1n0uNl7m8HHCWZ9RI4yY3vrn0IwXxi3kcYxHG/w400-h300/P1130625.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mercenary Stradiots and French lancers attack the English left flank but the Yeoman of the Guard hold firm.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhapWW3A7_kmvB5q3nsLHMbvuCk4X10kDU6hsxPdRrIp0ysE74a-IYF9d5PGzqRDPIWefpiuGGbQonn27O7HHE3mn3AHoMNy6Pxbw_sr6Ryw5ECtIapvfpAHDzTVo7GM6wnG7ZIP9t7Aa0xRrejr40_UGvvmcfD7I7UWKAj9vI06VwtlQ9Bke99-kipVmK8/s2828/P1130630.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2732" data-original-width="2828" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhapWW3A7_kmvB5q3nsLHMbvuCk4X10kDU6hsxPdRrIp0ysE74a-IYF9d5PGzqRDPIWefpiuGGbQonn27O7HHE3mn3AHoMNy6Pxbw_sr6Ryw5ECtIapvfpAHDzTVo7GM6wnG7ZIP9t7Aa0xRrejr40_UGvvmcfD7I7UWKAj9vI06VwtlQ9Bke99-kipVmK8/w400-h386/P1130630.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the centre of the field La Palice has sent more of his retinue to join the action.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhehr6MmoJ1tud6PAz6HaMRD26JhLWRAsd3W6bXAE1XCsFVGtsNLzZ_6g0p35bZj3yT_zS_217zo8TRjYxVlxfHhtyVD-GWPf-0yPL7GwsoYv-CX2VQCBSFJqSfOmytth8mdAuMGHjeyKQe-XXzLcc6EjXNsp2mtYHOq9XP-dFycC-BRF197M7kWu9fuBCh/s3316/P1130637.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3180" data-original-width="3316" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhehr6MmoJ1tud6PAz6HaMRD26JhLWRAsd3W6bXAE1XCsFVGtsNLzZ_6g0p35bZj3yT_zS_217zo8TRjYxVlxfHhtyVD-GWPf-0yPL7GwsoYv-CX2VQCBSFJqSfOmytth8mdAuMGHjeyKQe-XXzLcc6EjXNsp2mtYHOq9XP-dFycC-BRF197M7kWu9fuBCh/w400-h384/P1130637.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">La Palice commands the attack on the English left flank whilst...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwrmh6JOPvktOtGQ6N4f43FsoCjiopA-zOumj7SwslrdJkd1kiT7La6u1cVL0hRAiCJAwdmKPGfZqWAUm9HrjQK0RWicB3VRc0y04_-I5yfo4s13WzgJ-EP83Squ---UV1MTtAq1WTFifKIeKPoHy8JwVpe7-CvSiyClt5lMu1OhvOjmZKh5i_uixnG-jX/s4256/P1130643.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4256" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwrmh6JOPvktOtGQ6N4f43FsoCjiopA-zOumj7SwslrdJkd1kiT7La6u1cVL0hRAiCJAwdmKPGfZqWAUm9HrjQK0RWicB3VRc0y04_-I5yfo4s13WzgJ-EP83Squ---UV1MTtAq1WTFifKIeKPoHy8JwVpe7-CvSiyClt5lMu1OhvOjmZKh5i_uixnG-jX/w400-h325/P1130643.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...on the other side of the field Bayard is leading an assault on the English right flank.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpUZz3p4DyHjmarpuwKq3zEQu1dVyGvvBHUBVOD2fWO7egl2ej7nsrVPPk8eNkcQtfQiB2fqKpLtKIyk6WOpjRrcPMy2RdUI3Kjc0Sk6uSZK8EtE0UKXubh6WfdvnhtsXVmpKyibvChVnfYNk4CePuJP4EV7D6wQYOGcwAhGTg_sRssE9UK_fK5OjcWnmw/s4048/P1130651.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4048" height="341" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpUZz3p4DyHjmarpuwKq3zEQu1dVyGvvBHUBVOD2fWO7egl2ej7nsrVPPk8eNkcQtfQiB2fqKpLtKIyk6WOpjRrcPMy2RdUI3Kjc0Sk6uSZK8EtE0UKXubh6WfdvnhtsXVmpKyibvChVnfYNk4CePuJP4EV7D6wQYOGcwAhGTg_sRssE9UK_fK5OjcWnmw/w400-h341/P1130651.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The newly arrived demilancers from Sir Rhy Ap Thomas's retinue clash with some French mounted archers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4WH5KCKU7jgwcukjfb-GI9eAnvKUL4G6hP4iIKgXQJcBeDNeWTXQF0LT83TuCeFaHtzMpWT8OSJEfXZXEDjTfCAifBAYsXpQD3IoGerZYbtKmlhGIcLTkaVJQ3RI18Ncdo-DtyoOjtJ0oGoI0o9dahEvPCT3Yx3U6qm7mtSm2IAMVj3zvISaklHplH4yL/s4272/P1130657.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2992" data-original-width="4272" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4WH5KCKU7jgwcukjfb-GI9eAnvKUL4G6hP4iIKgXQJcBeDNeWTXQF0LT83TuCeFaHtzMpWT8OSJEfXZXEDjTfCAifBAYsXpQD3IoGerZYbtKmlhGIcLTkaVJQ3RI18Ncdo-DtyoOjtJ0oGoI0o9dahEvPCT3Yx3U6qm7mtSm2IAMVj3zvISaklHplH4yL/w400-h280/P1130657.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex, is brought down in a clash with some of La Palice's gendarmes.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRXYMEdJJyiR1rN6N4NXqJTaL8SdHq4jIsWjklhWDg1jJ5ozgCfmtZ1DrI9N_ag_mIIfIxVHpWMesZhv6tzP9NC6CmoIkZu_SckEM3NIS6-sDu4-48YvE2vfMstZ_DuMCCzg8SMtqvvjw7i3K6UiMk70JFeNFUbNqps4Q_87pwk6Ll3DjeRv5B4J1iNfx0/s4016/P1130658.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4016" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRXYMEdJJyiR1rN6N4NXqJTaL8SdHq4jIsWjklhWDg1jJ5ozgCfmtZ1DrI9N_ag_mIIfIxVHpWMesZhv6tzP9NC6CmoIkZu_SckEM3NIS6-sDu4-48YvE2vfMstZ_DuMCCzg8SMtqvvjw7i3K6UiMk70JFeNFUbNqps4Q_87pwk6Ll3DjeRv5B4J1iNfx0/w400-h344/P1130658.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There is panic in the English ranks as mounted crossbowmen ride into the defensive lines. They are blasted by an organ gun but...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjioixz8NzwPIjtMEuVzFE1avTMj0S_6eyrYAuIGowvE3ywh9JtFyB0pEL-hd_Gk8vfhdBCX0DqBXvti0FBKYB4gqH1X6a4drOCcpJvp7-x-Dh7bZ6pCDEyVjLHhjlMiCZoE1LtGMawiPn21TGxF8VIY_q2ruGIIY26H-bVHc-MGCKHe37XFoFP7GAze5QZ/s4068/P1130671.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4068" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjioixz8NzwPIjtMEuVzFE1avTMj0S_6eyrYAuIGowvE3ywh9JtFyB0pEL-hd_Gk8vfhdBCX0DqBXvti0FBKYB4gqH1X6a4drOCcpJvp7-x-Dh7bZ6pCDEyVjLHhjlMiCZoE1LtGMawiPn21TGxF8VIY_q2ruGIIY26H-bVHc-MGCKHe37XFoFP7GAze5QZ/w400-h340/P1130671.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...this has little effect and Henry's household guards ready themselves for the charge...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUMej3hmQd-Eh9h6LjlQVh0_oaiOrmZc9PS4WMLKhtOwaocp6KxZuejbva-LraYaa9GCsq1cNM0k80sj73vd6tJ9In-jTiBWwnWktOMLvSwBxwqIEnPCB3R4KRoAmx-mwLxxGKDPxlVe2ippS3K6OaVtDINpxkPn8htngbl2Q7YRElH-nXc44B-tziAXts/s3380/P1130675.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3380" data-original-width="3336" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUMej3hmQd-Eh9h6LjlQVh0_oaiOrmZc9PS4WMLKhtOwaocp6KxZuejbva-LraYaa9GCsq1cNM0k80sj73vd6tJ9In-jTiBWwnWktOMLvSwBxwqIEnPCB3R4KRoAmx-mwLxxGKDPxlVe2ippS3K6OaVtDINpxkPn8htngbl2Q7YRElH-nXc44B-tziAXts/w395-h400/P1130675.JPG" width="395" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...Henry's own unit is attacked but the mounted crossbowmen are quickly driven off.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />As the morning sun rose the mist cleared and the summer heat began to warm the English infantry who could find little water to drink. To their right they could see spears in the distance and they <i>"perceyved that it was the valiant knyght sir Rice app Thomas with his retinue". </i>Ap Thomas's demilancers attacked some of the troops that Bayard had been leading around the English right flank and were successful in defeating the French mounted archers. In the centre Essex continued to lead an English counter attack on the French but the Earl was unhorsed in a melee with French gendarmes.<br /><br />Despite the arrival of some of Ap Thomas's cavalry it was on the English right where the danger was greatest. A force of mounted crossbowmen managed to get into the English defensive lines. They evaded the close range blast of an organ gun and rode straight into King Henry and his household troops. They were no match for Henry's elite bodyguard and were soon sent reeling back but this was a bad sign for the English defences. In contrast the English left flank continued to hold firm with the Yeoman of the Guard sending back repeated mounted charges. They were joined by reinforcements from the baggage train which helped to shore up their ranks.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3FxGrwWmf2POw3DlYX6Erl0gmdyG6diQkT_fxfoARApDyruFMB2Fsb0if2bZhHn57A8x6W3gT_FMs1zXwk3N7yrZBdoUQIBqtng7MJoMYzJWDzB7o80Mvc8I2g0YivzWmkGYt8r5ym3edk5Ug6Au2V0PAw5e10C_-oWXAZ0xXzOegSHx2KbCrdpEts80S/s4608/P1130681.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3FxGrwWmf2POw3DlYX6Erl0gmdyG6diQkT_fxfoARApDyruFMB2Fsb0if2bZhHn57A8x6W3gT_FMs1zXwk3N7yrZBdoUQIBqtng7MJoMYzJWDzB7o80Mvc8I2g0YivzWmkGYt8r5ym3edk5Ug6Au2V0PAw5e10C_-oWXAZ0xXzOegSHx2KbCrdpEts80S/w400-h300/P1130681.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On the English left the Yeoman of the Guard fend of a charge by French ordonnance archers armed with lances...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD_vvScPx0fY1jN7EsjBgZIxOv5wXzBQ7HkuLvAZPbtAtxFaLBL-sm3USyp4RA6XXHiYN5ICiGL9tK-kdUDgWHKbkEkRUUljwS32Kzj5jUWlc6vh2P7ZuyN_3qo8YZQFC-X50iUdRumAQDs_4Z08Q6EBKme5dJ69Kscm-4M8YdJf8xtjq27M4AmXAr73Yz/s4608/P1130685.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3060" data-original-width="4608" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD_vvScPx0fY1jN7EsjBgZIxOv5wXzBQ7HkuLvAZPbtAtxFaLBL-sm3USyp4RA6XXHiYN5ICiGL9tK-kdUDgWHKbkEkRUUljwS32Kzj5jUWlc6vh2P7ZuyN_3qo8YZQFC-X50iUdRumAQDs_4Z08Q6EBKme5dJ69Kscm-4M8YdJf8xtjq27M4AmXAr73Yz/w400-h266/P1130685.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...whilst the arrival of Sir Rhys Ap Thomas has had little effect and his border horse are driven back by Bayard's men at arms.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLRRhEOKHy2hV53w2JzgAosck5sesTs71I46Ji_ANcki5vfU4T-UgMKkamHIGB3Vv1vzJLYUrCfPiPI2H2djk06IkDWE_BhT4En1tdhziUQqkXWWjKIukmtAjBhrFX5WdfNfDZ7xKX4wtBQhBaQPJERkozI6a7ZTFm5JqG0MD0Y5P_JH7QZHslprrnL0as/s3684/P1130695.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3684" height="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLRRhEOKHy2hV53w2JzgAosck5sesTs71I46Ji_ANcki5vfU4T-UgMKkamHIGB3Vv1vzJLYUrCfPiPI2H2djk06IkDWE_BhT4En1tdhziUQqkXWWjKIukmtAjBhrFX5WdfNfDZ7xKX4wtBQhBaQPJERkozI6a7ZTFm5JqG0MD0Y5P_JH7QZHslprrnL0as/w400-h375/P1130695.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Things are looking bad for the English. The landsknecht provided by Maximilian are ridden down by the French cavalry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEism_I7cP6gXPrT730c4py5XI6Ryd-ijweEk6wcJtLRlJfOnbT9FRpCuQIpXmJxoQG5GeB1klY3d3F1FxXUNYwG-8Aw0SiwcN_3MFZbTpP5Lxqj3Oq4t5mt8XybQweHV859imRmKpfWFDVfVR_RRtOAVcpk4sekLY6IpJXPlu5mXoVCr5QXE9FTdLdQm4bG/s2880/P1130712.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="2880" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEism_I7cP6gXPrT730c4py5XI6Ryd-ijweEk6wcJtLRlJfOnbT9FRpCuQIpXmJxoQG5GeB1klY3d3F1FxXUNYwG-8Aw0SiwcN_3MFZbTpP5Lxqj3Oq4t5mt8XybQweHV859imRmKpfWFDVfVR_RRtOAVcpk4sekLY6IpJXPlu5mXoVCr5QXE9FTdLdQm4bG/w400-h340/P1130712.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another of the French captains, Louis I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville, has decided to observe events from behind the front line and waits in reserve with his gendarmes.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1xFH8PMX5HUb35P1UNE2Kp6XMUYeQvOjDFs_yYBoTzrvtZCt8xT8awguHV_UTB91PVeMHOq53aQfMaBrxAExXMbrtYmKieFOk0z5vR6neeA3t2SM6LW-z3VI8CAdeY2RrHuIUwRfD3V0Coq0zqo2Rh--VVUlOgYydBN8vPzweIHuo0U_fe-d5sqpdm6gK/s3308/P1130732.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2912" data-original-width="3308" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1xFH8PMX5HUb35P1UNE2Kp6XMUYeQvOjDFs_yYBoTzrvtZCt8xT8awguHV_UTB91PVeMHOq53aQfMaBrxAExXMbrtYmKieFOk0z5vR6neeA3t2SM6LW-z3VI8CAdeY2RrHuIUwRfD3V0Coq0zqo2Rh--VVUlOgYydBN8vPzweIHuo0U_fe-d5sqpdm6gK/w400-h353/P1130732.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A vicious melee is taking place on the English left flank as billmen push back lancers and stradiots.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4K0-QiV5EcqicCsYa-hK2QxSoQL4LHeQEJ68wEkaWnBPQmAf5jWa3ctnCL3To8YM94Biv88XmwwlMJNBOIUkbrhIIFuem8vSFQTdtcnkVcPH3tEV8-IHi_qxDktzdM0_TQPmA-sMVBf1HnccNixXMvIer3leiS03PmitQT7W43LRTuKTUXmLph_jjP2OX/s3276/P1130738.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2412" data-original-width="3276" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4K0-QiV5EcqicCsYa-hK2QxSoQL4LHeQEJ68wEkaWnBPQmAf5jWa3ctnCL3To8YM94Biv88XmwwlMJNBOIUkbrhIIFuem8vSFQTdtcnkVcPH3tEV8-IHi_qxDktzdM0_TQPmA-sMVBf1HnccNixXMvIer3leiS03PmitQT7W43LRTuKTUXmLph_jjP2OX/w400-h295/P1130738.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The relentless attacks on the English middle ward have thinned the ranks of the defenders and Henry VIII, to the left of the photo, is looking vulnerable.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlyETdu5cZ6EXSJ25WDftIYOAKZenwjalyeD2-t-72a5ZH8WYSJaDM_PvSCJnSBw6lbg8mTfaLAovP-7FN1-zteaUwqmupX1Lh3A7yW61omnWXNnXxuIYMWQYyl9mbjXwMB3vJ0PhpddOvQAquMVuNvAmi3OELFPOrwv1mBdjahfIpqY8zLRmOlYcWSBqT/s4608/P1130741.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlyETdu5cZ6EXSJ25WDftIYOAKZenwjalyeD2-t-72a5ZH8WYSJaDM_PvSCJnSBw6lbg8mTfaLAovP-7FN1-zteaUwqmupX1Lh3A7yW61omnWXNnXxuIYMWQYyl9mbjXwMB3vJ0PhpddOvQAquMVuNvAmi3OELFPOrwv1mBdjahfIpqY8zLRmOlYcWSBqT/w400-h300/P1130741.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir Charles Brandon, Lord Lisle, defends his king and friend (later to be brother-in-law) fighting back the French cavalry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisBfDN-jNde6F4sAy4JtOnNi1xxHBFIC_ZNR78b2XIEAbkvPEvuPo7JepPSndxmc9ihc287mgqxOa64BNzXSqUUEm1WFr5sC5dbAo--ZE6lDMEaPtkmeqqUn2Ybtk6LeEQKVm2yqwHiynwCjAKOAQHSzLtoHFKZDpUWlcPAh9eK4LQkG_9QIJEIJMTRDir/s4244/P1130748.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2840" data-original-width="4244" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisBfDN-jNde6F4sAy4JtOnNi1xxHBFIC_ZNR78b2XIEAbkvPEvuPo7JepPSndxmc9ihc287mgqxOa64BNzXSqUUEm1WFr5sC5dbAo--ZE6lDMEaPtkmeqqUn2Ybtk6LeEQKVm2yqwHiynwCjAKOAQHSzLtoHFKZDpUWlcPAh9eK4LQkG_9QIJEIJMTRDir/w400-h268/P1130748.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The English middle ward is falling apart.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLoqRWyS-SGiDaYIbhf-iM5YCY2DQ5PWmvKsFrZq2IIR827wHNylOXV8TijOyGPYN9AAOdt4HVxp8EsVDNonvjymu7Z-QJi17ywy0r0F2i10n1Io_shg5PBmPAdr2xCGPTnYYSFvSaPLQt9O8eHRLMFSSi6fGrWpIwd20J_oKH2CqPiVD2RxzbbqSi0_PH/s4608/P1130753.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLoqRWyS-SGiDaYIbhf-iM5YCY2DQ5PWmvKsFrZq2IIR827wHNylOXV8TijOyGPYN9AAOdt4HVxp8EsVDNonvjymu7Z-QJi17ywy0r0F2i10n1Io_shg5PBmPAdr2xCGPTnYYSFvSaPLQt9O8eHRLMFSSi6fGrWpIwd20J_oKH2CqPiVD2RxzbbqSi0_PH/w400-h300/P1130753.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir Rhys Ap Thomas realises he has arrived too late.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRZi0Jho55FZsw0S7Ck0UIXzFgvb2HQAkvpRot2u42MQc7jeW8yTT1GGYkGB-hYF6NeC9ego3IIEAk-5kI2sdJ2xz2orQu0X6aMMHBnfsI1mrvczrM8iOciQ2_EyZ2ffaGOlITRVpC8io6Y2nyxwc_ycZTpfjXbxmj-KO4U-5bifnmX6Icx4bYXW6KxSI6/s3984/P1130754.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3984" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRZi0Jho55FZsw0S7Ck0UIXzFgvb2HQAkvpRot2u42MQc7jeW8yTT1GGYkGB-hYF6NeC9ego3IIEAk-5kI2sdJ2xz2orQu0X6aMMHBnfsI1mrvczrM8iOciQ2_EyZ2ffaGOlITRVpC8io6Y2nyxwc_ycZTpfjXbxmj-KO4U-5bifnmX6Icx4bYXW6KxSI6/w348-h400/P1130754.JPG" width="348" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bayard and the Sieur de Piennes prepare to seize the ultimate prize and capture King Henry VIII!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ2n7zBd9cx2GKqHFtcinrbkYmf_5L2-Pn5Gx-hnexqMXFABoH-89TVfz5VgEpVT-8yAgQWCKEneImotJsZIWPd_vUxn7f8prsXxo3iiwHPtDXWzzRJ6skjQcXbno7wahS3YhjgRx-VGD_lWQY56yLElAXH5xgS1O9Ey2vHCY0ETNIold6lUI-sHljBZU2/s4608/P1130769.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ2n7zBd9cx2GKqHFtcinrbkYmf_5L2-Pn5Gx-hnexqMXFABoH-89TVfz5VgEpVT-8yAgQWCKEneImotJsZIWPd_vUxn7f8prsXxo3iiwHPtDXWzzRJ6skjQcXbno7wahS3YhjgRx-VGD_lWQY56yLElAXH5xgS1O9Ey2vHCY0ETNIold6lUI-sHljBZU2/w400-h300/P1130769.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bayard charges first and is fought back by Henry's bodyguards...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm1BPyq_ZuPoMFK628BAe3KgV8Xtem88jYxqrE968n1mZRs__Uzs5AhioT-Lrfe7fy1JSEHCqBtk6ACypqtIBSthEhfjZLj9jxNgLc5Ac0Z7JKS-ee_6DzNU9u4dXdrtbC7fkxo5U4i_WBeIZTzNvEFYO4zmhqTd3gFu-vtxlHAdA78m7zzw9wDcK-YGeC/s4608/P1130794.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm1BPyq_ZuPoMFK628BAe3KgV8Xtem88jYxqrE968n1mZRs__Uzs5AhioT-Lrfe7fy1JSEHCqBtk6ACypqtIBSthEhfjZLj9jxNgLc5Ac0Z7JKS-ee_6DzNU9u4dXdrtbC7fkxo5U4i_WBeIZTzNvEFYO4zmhqTd3gFu-vtxlHAdA78m7zzw9wDcK-YGeC/w400-h300/P1130794.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but Louis de Hallwin, Sieur de Piennes, leads his gendarmes in a further attack on the English king. A confused melee develops and Henry VIII falls into the hands of the French. With Henry taken and both the Earl of Essex and Sir Charles Brandon, Lord Lisle, unhorsed the English have suffered a severe defeat on <i>"drye wednesday".</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br />The arrival of Sir Rhys Ap Thomas had come too late for the middle ward. Some of his border horse tried to stop the French attack but they were easily dispersed by Bayard's men at arms. The landsknecht that were positioned close to Henry were ridden down as more French cavalry poured into the English right flank. On the English left things were more promising as La Palice and Louis I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville, had not commited themselves as heavily to the attack and the Yeoman of the Guard and English bill were able to fight off repeated charges.<br /><br />As the French attack continued the commander of Henry's "avant-garde", Charles Brandon, Lord Lisle, entered the fray, countercharging the French horse. Spotting the chaos in the middle ward Bayard spurred his horse forward and led an attack on Henry and his household guards. Bayard was fought back, but not defeated, and as he prepared for another charge Louis de Hallwin, Sieur de Piennes led his gendarmes into a melee with the English King. The repeated attacks by the French heavy cavalry proved too much for the Tudor monarch and he was unhorsed and captured. Sir Rhys Ap Thomas withdrew with the surviving English troops but the day had been a disaster for the English, the middle ward had been ridden down and the King captured!<br /><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiadoDD5nozLL_3wkdmkDzlq5dENHz_F33WQF8PDTE8YK82sJsJQXZLDEsfp39ySSChXiU8EWP7CVWJEN8U98vw9ORDh88VXT0jgeeWB68sTPk0vQyRLTkVWh2CNxPTiWnaMwmWIABPXz6GINk6CdZER_ws5EnWgya8JwIyldH1QuyFvFfcwgbmtyguf4A6/s1920/P1130816.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiadoDD5nozLL_3wkdmkDzlq5dENHz_F33WQF8PDTE8YK82sJsJQXZLDEsfp39ySSChXiU8EWP7CVWJEN8U98vw9ORDh88VXT0jgeeWB68sTPk0vQyRLTkVWh2CNxPTiWnaMwmWIABPXz6GINk6CdZER_ws5EnWgya8JwIyldH1QuyFvFfcwgbmtyguf4A6/w400-h300/P1130816.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><div><u><i>"dyvers tymes, the northren light horsmen under the conduite of sir John Nevel skirmished with these stradiottes"<br /><br /></i></u>The French forces would continue to harrass the English whilst they besieged Thérouanne with a relief attempt leading to the famous Battle of the Spurs on 16 August 1513. Hall's chronicle tells how during the siege the English border horse constantly skirmished with the stradiots in French employ:<br /><br /></div><div><i>"The Frenche army hoved ever a farre to take the Englishmen at avauntage as thei went a forragyng, & many a skirmish was done, and many good feates of armes acheved on bothe sydes, and divers prisoners taken. Among the Frenchmen were certaine light horsmen called Stradiotes with shorte styroppes, bever hatts, small speres, & swerdes like Semiteries of Turkay : dyvers tymes, the northren light horsmen under the conduite of sir John Nevel skirmished with these stradiottes and toke diverse of them prisoners, and brought them to the kyng."</i><br /><br /><u>Scenario</u><br /><br />We decided to do a much simpler skirmish to follow the big "Dry Wednesday" game focusing on one of the clashes between the border horse and stradiots as described in Hall's chronicle above. Due to the nature of this clash we decided to revisit the dreaded "dice bag" which we have used for a couple of our Irish Wars games, see <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/12/the-9th-earl-of-kildare-in-ulster-1523.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/12/the-9th-earl-of-kildare-in-ulster-1523.html</a> and the second game here: <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/06/this-was-chaunce-of-warre-lord-maxwells.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/06/this-was-chaunce-of-warre-lord-maxwells.html</a>.<br /><br /></div><div><div>As with the first game this was played using our Renaissance Rampant rules but with the added twist that every turn a dice was pulled out of a bag. The bag contained a dice for each unit in the game. The army the dice represented, by colour, could then take a turn with one unit. If that unit failed its activation this didn't end the turn but meant that unit alone could not act that turn and another dice was then chosen. As units were destroyed or routed the dice that represented them were removed from the bag. We also added a "joker" dice, of a different colour from the dice for the two armies, and the turn was immediately over if this was pulled from the bag. Challenges and rolls for battered units were made by both players at the beginning of each turn.</div><div><br />The aim of the game was simple, the units would skirmish with each other to see who could achieve a victory, the border horse or the stradiots! To make the leaders of the two retinues a little different we also added a special rule that the retinue leaders units for each force would have have armour 3 rather than armour 2. Stuart took command of the stradiots whilst I commanded the border horse.</div></div></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKyS1UuZhUKJyaJb9gr2Ohq910lN79h4YiOLiz23Li34yCBvXIKhrt4Wd-dLbtoFe_-vUzeA_0brZ6Fe5WaBwKyf8ouSLn7PmG-rrxahtgofOTSNlZkqY-aSjKLOvlqhUn2LSyPErIWScIrDrdV7daFQTVkGQmyP5LyoVCiUq0ziGPuucu1LlmFkgQ1Xr-/s3096/P1130817.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2708" data-original-width="3096" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKyS1UuZhUKJyaJb9gr2Ohq910lN79h4YiOLiz23Li34yCBvXIKhrt4Wd-dLbtoFe_-vUzeA_0brZ6Fe5WaBwKyf8ouSLn7PmG-rrxahtgofOTSNlZkqY-aSjKLOvlqhUn2LSyPErIWScIrDrdV7daFQTVkGQmyP5LyoVCiUq0ziGPuucu1LlmFkgQ1Xr-/w400-h350/P1130817.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The battlefield and initial deployment. Whilst foraging near a French mill a force of English border horse have run into a band of Balkan stradiots in French employ.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The English Border Horse under Sir John Neville</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Border Horse (Sir John Neville, retinue leader, armour 3)</div><div>6 Units of Border Horse</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Stradiots in French service</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Stradiots (retinue leader, armour 3)</div><div>6 Units of Stradiots<br /><br />As you can imagine this was a very fast and chaotic game but I have tried to explain what went on in a paragraph below!</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVIp2yOoFSkplfaiSveHKNRMwYrpEagAhOEYHX3l2dL4UPw6rtB3jBZFchvBkOLgE0RZSabthFpJTQqZ_jKCYSp0RBVW8degHdj6bfEyCTwOo_XetQns-rKw1szpnbLs6djFcK7JBkDgNPnOMrUBLM4GLJWTBRykDBshWPg0ElzcVTO4wuPGqzqgfSacdb/s1920/P1130827.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVIp2yOoFSkplfaiSveHKNRMwYrpEagAhOEYHX3l2dL4UPw6rtB3jBZFchvBkOLgE0RZSabthFpJTQqZ_jKCYSp0RBVW8degHdj6bfEyCTwOo_XetQns-rKw1szpnbLs6djFcK7JBkDgNPnOMrUBLM4GLJWTBRykDBshWPg0ElzcVTO4wuPGqzqgfSacdb/w400-h300/P1130827.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The two bodies of light horse spot one another and battle is joined.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNrqyOt4wMrGQQG6HP5-GN8ZU5UxuoyzPcWZ8R2I10yayylcgDiy2-igAUHZHVrq_8DMGx_og21HsfXMOFYia1tEnFCE8YU-MZHIHJp7j2GFxESXJLPneAt9OlSQL7jcvA0YJG2X0iMVMd4PZp6qtHgAWtTw5biIJL5X3bWAftL7l3aYVMbzTM0uaHzZ3g/s4608/P1130837.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNrqyOt4wMrGQQG6HP5-GN8ZU5UxuoyzPcWZ8R2I10yayylcgDiy2-igAUHZHVrq_8DMGx_og21HsfXMOFYia1tEnFCE8YU-MZHIHJp7j2GFxESXJLPneAt9OlSQL7jcvA0YJG2X0iMVMd4PZp6qtHgAWtTw5biIJL5X3bWAftL7l3aYVMbzTM0uaHzZ3g/w400-h300/P1130837.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The border horse close ranks and try to keep together so as not to be led into any ambush by the stradiots.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXOiYLS1mUtKCMIOtU1ShHBtOCab4K3J-7OGg3yd-3CUf68k-M6dcplGWj96t7E5LJ3lD5DL-C8rz6Tafw-Q9jZyoqhQpZjxL5aTYCIMRFCZ5RxoeDbDBPSKghRdGDq2yc5GKrWEuLxZYDGOIRg2WFGqzqvSmACq5gfyFg77tfiggT5kJQuw6APajbcEMV/s1920/P1130858.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXOiYLS1mUtKCMIOtU1ShHBtOCab4K3J-7OGg3yd-3CUf68k-M6dcplGWj96t7E5LJ3lD5DL-C8rz6Tafw-Q9jZyoqhQpZjxL5aTYCIMRFCZ5RxoeDbDBPSKghRdGDq2yc5GKrWEuLxZYDGOIRg2WFGqzqvSmACq5gfyFg77tfiggT5kJQuw6APajbcEMV/w300-h400/P1130858.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The two forces skirmish with one another as the fast paced fight develops around the mill.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisLUlyM9g7-0Yhcw9Rw4MwYf92Twn2Ar2aH-1Mig1nWwli-uGqKGtw1dm5sZqXj2HWX54tBBsJe9eZ4ms4WvzjwMK15xY2c6s4JnN_Ql-lIdd_qON2q2sPeLA-QCphLynCD8yvwQSk8mM3dZnc7RATkzWaTJGdkcYN_CkZIFWCJ83EMl8vUP6BbopHGKXL/s3456/P1130875.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3336" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisLUlyM9g7-0Yhcw9Rw4MwYf92Twn2Ar2aH-1Mig1nWwli-uGqKGtw1dm5sZqXj2HWX54tBBsJe9eZ4ms4WvzjwMK15xY2c6s4JnN_Ql-lIdd_qON2q2sPeLA-QCphLynCD8yvwQSk8mM3dZnc7RATkzWaTJGdkcYN_CkZIFWCJ83EMl8vUP6BbopHGKXL/w386-h400/P1130875.JPG" width="386" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir John Neville leads his northern horsemen to attack the stradiots on their right...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJPHA5g69KtFw1i4igsAmb2W5bzNhTdzADOU0RIIwnr_UtGjdLDV8dbkfWFyJDTsb8Qtm1R5CDRXQ5VwDEOGxgWQCiVEUXUu81jB6efQ_-ucLnrWMFggcY8xyC0Od5kyDZO0kE38cYlYJhRI6SMQEsyGUXr4nX2SBhO8Sb9hGFlJQCtyXudDt05URgNtYY/s3028/P1130882.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3028" data-original-width="1880" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJPHA5g69KtFw1i4igsAmb2W5bzNhTdzADOU0RIIwnr_UtGjdLDV8dbkfWFyJDTsb8Qtm1R5CDRXQ5VwDEOGxgWQCiVEUXUu81jB6efQ_-ucLnrWMFggcY8xyC0Od5kyDZO0kE38cYlYJhRI6SMQEsyGUXr4nX2SBhO8Sb9hGFlJQCtyXudDt05URgNtYY/w249-h400/P1130882.JPG" width="249" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...this gives the border horse a small localised advantage as the stradiots further away race back to join the action. Reinforcements have also arrived for Sir John Neville so the stradiots are outnumbered.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />As Sir John Neville and his troop of horsemen neared the mill they could see the stradiots strung out in a line in front of them. Immediately both forces spurred their horses into the clash and the skirmish began. The border horsemen were aware that they were in enemy territory and that an ambush could have been set so they attempted to keep close to each other and form a body around the mill stream. A fierce fight developed around the mill with Neville leading his men in a charge into the stradiots left flank. This caught some of the stradiots off guard as they were further up the hill and slower to get into the fighting. With the arrival of another unit of border horse, who had been trailing the main body, the Balkan mercenaries retreated vowing to return the following day to avenge themselves on the northern horsemen.</div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoUHQoYYfc4_RTpJw4L42AVqeWkIfGBuXh22VRPW_Ew-byTwjSuGoHJdUAwzMJilOqoG0FI0EPXd8G5dc8-ZuArZFDz8bl9ZrI3GgfMQM8MBd1SeyjEmh3p1_jsDFlXRjk-X9U7-p73JjX7bxj5UNlTNdjYL7HkjrpLV0I081q0YVcW7hHl1XTJqr183oC/s1440/thumbnail_IMG_5574.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1372" data-original-width="1440" height="381" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoUHQoYYfc4_RTpJw4L42AVqeWkIfGBuXh22VRPW_Ew-byTwjSuGoHJdUAwzMJilOqoG0FI0EPXd8G5dc8-ZuArZFDz8bl9ZrI3GgfMQM8MBd1SeyjEmh3p1_jsDFlXRjk-X9U7-p73JjX7bxj5UNlTNdjYL7HkjrpLV0I081q0YVcW7hHl1XTJqr183oC/w400-h381/thumbnail_IMG_5574.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cursing Sir John Neville from a distance the stradiot captain calls a retreat whilst vowing to bring his band of horsemen out again and attempt to revenge themselves on Neville and his <i>"northren light horsmen".</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> Both of these games were a lot of fun. Despite my epic defeat in the first game it was great to see Henry VIII under relentless attack with Bayard leading troops into the heart of the English middle ward. Using lots of Stuart's superb collection and having named characters from the campaign in the game really added to the feel of the period and made the scenario very entertaining. I thought it was a bit like "Little Big Horn" with Custer being surrounded by the warriors of the American plains whilst Stuart was describing it as a "Renaissance Hastings" with the French knights charging in to cut down Henry VIII! <br /><br />The second game was very different. I had forgotten how much the "dice bag" changes the game. It changes the dynamic completely as you never know when it will be your turn or when a new one will start. Eliminating whole units, and thus removing their dice from the bag, also becomes a key factor in swaying the balance of the game. To be honest I think I only won by rolling a double 6 on an activation and then rolling to bring on reinforcements which tipped the balance. We will definitely return to the 1513 campaign again, we still have the Battle of the Spurs to do at some point and I am sure there are lots more references in Hall's chronicle from 1513 that will make interesting scenarios.<p></p></div></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-46154476885882185492023-08-01T01:05:00.000-07:002023-08-01T01:05:03.182-07:00Bourbon's Rebellion; Neufchateau,1523, and the Siege of Marseille, 1524<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWBBWOjnLXODHbH1OwRg-jGe7hn8RAAPjYI-BVeujYBn8B_i-3oLpSVxnocy9FEkutPswiVEm5wyEUnnwQcv2Kjyfan0bIW28H9pdwcKAGNUordNk-n-ddz2kgNMPKqywvYgGW2P3pdT9EgkbQF-4Juhy1ZA1xyjKgHd5EUvxwNqVzDHqzBd7HpRCPvfkv/s1920/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWBBWOjnLXODHbH1OwRg-jGe7hn8RAAPjYI-BVeujYBn8B_i-3oLpSVxnocy9FEkutPswiVEm5wyEUnnwQcv2Kjyfan0bIW28H9pdwcKAGNUordNk-n-ddz2kgNMPKqywvYgGW2P3pdT9EgkbQF-4Juhy1ZA1xyjKgHd5EUvxwNqVzDHqzBd7HpRCPvfkv/w300-h400/1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div><br /></div>A couple of weekends ago Stuart visited for two days of gaming. Having really enjoyed our last games which covered Suffolk's 1523 invasion of France, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/05/entendyn-to-bryng-gunnepouder-and-other.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/05/entendyn-to-bryng-gunnepouder-and-other.html</a> we thought it would be fun to follow those games up with a scenario focusing on the force Suffolk was supposed to meet up with, which Suffolk had presumed would be under the leadership of the Duke of Bourbon, and another scenario which covered one of Bourbon's campaigns the following year, the Siege of Marseille. The siege of Marseille game also gave us a great excuse to get the new warship on the table, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/07/an-early-16th-century-warship.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/07/an-early-16th-century-warship.html</a>. Whilst I am well aware it would have been galleys that would've supported the attack covered in the Marseille game the Genoese did also use carracks and it was fun to see it on the table as the fighting raged amidst the Imperial siege works!<br /><br />With regard to the first scenario, Guise's attack on the landsknecht raised by Bourbon, I had to rely heavily on Martin du Bellay's memoires as information on this encounter is pretty scarce. I found a few modern accounts where it was put in a different year! As such I am unsure of the numbers and exact date of the clash although that is not unusual for many 16th century battles and skirmishes. <br /><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNVTHK6HGdlGQKwr3rlvpP0clZgEIByxQATH9vysvNYH28dNDU29kIEJ5oTqccaO0k4vNsdCLcH9Nex1ddijmT1doKf2HjidMdzDU2oWGxQ-9uOCiviZiZMtqlw7Utr7W6j9_dDG_qLeSnj4i119t5unoZu57GxQzEV_9Cvyc72f81TJZC_Wu3DJ3eLhHS/s3904/P1130023.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3904" data-original-width="2124" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNVTHK6HGdlGQKwr3rlvpP0clZgEIByxQATH9vysvNYH28dNDU29kIEJ5oTqccaO0k4vNsdCLcH9Nex1ddijmT1doKf2HjidMdzDU2oWGxQ-9uOCiviZiZMtqlw7Utr7W6j9_dDG_qLeSnj4i119t5unoZu57GxQzEV_9Cvyc72f81TJZC_Wu3DJ3eLhHS/w217-h400/P1130023.JPG" width="217" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William von Furstenburg and Felix von Werdenberg's column of landsknecht crossing the river Meuse.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin7C6f-eGUjjuxqbRg7NnJ5HNH_Nc1LHfXg2abCcofN2Oy9rUc1UiCXoqTWDcUnFg8ElnNEQNNRrtGTBiYWRSPrkKpsEOuJ6-acKKMlj19lBauJh85JvhdEFPu1vraTj2c1hOg5apJvzpKYj4u5Z4M3NY6z8VgVuo3wtMAF41gelP_f7JJQJGtjJMhxZ6b/s4100/P1130027.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4100" data-original-width="1968" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin7C6f-eGUjjuxqbRg7NnJ5HNH_Nc1LHfXg2abCcofN2Oy9rUc1UiCXoqTWDcUnFg8ElnNEQNNRrtGTBiYWRSPrkKpsEOuJ6-acKKMlj19lBauJh85JvhdEFPu1vraTj2c1hOg5apJvzpKYj4u5Z4M3NY6z8VgVuo3wtMAF41gelP_f7JJQJGtjJMhxZ6b/w193-h400/P1130027.JPG" width="193" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landsknecht column from the rear. The mercenaries are accompanied by carts and wagons full of plunder and loot.</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div><u>Neufchateau, 1523</u></div><div><br /></div><div>When the Duke of Suffolk led an Anglo-Imperial army of around 12,000 men into France in 1523 it was part of a grand plot hatched between the English King, Henry VIII, the Habsburg Emperor, Charles V, and the French magnate, Charles Duke of Bourbon. Bourbon had been made Constable of France in 1515. In 1521 war broke out in the Netherlands between the Imperialist Habsburgs and the French. Bourbon was deeply affronted when the French King, Francis I, in front of the entire army appointed Charles, Duke of Alencon, as commander of the French vanguard, a position normally held by the Constable. In the same year Suzanne, Duchess of Bourbon, had died leaving her estates to her husband, only for the inheritance to be contested by the French King's mother, Louise of Savoy. As a resolution to the lawsuit Francis proposed the duke should marry Louise of Savoy, a proposal Bourbon would not accept. Francis I confiscated some of Bourbon's estates and the proud magnate secretly offered his service and loyalty to his King's great rival, Charles V. <br /><br /></div><div>In early 1523 Bourbon's conspiracy was discovered and the duke fled to Imperial territory. With the English under Suffolk in Northern France and an Imperialist invasion being launched from Spain into Southern France Bourbon had intended to raise an army and attack France from the east. Whilst Bourbon would raise the men at arms for the campaign, a force of landsknecht would provide the infantry. By September 1523 the landsknecht had mustered under the commanders Felix von Werdenberg and William von Furstenburg. Taking money from the city of Strasbourg to cover their as yet unreceived wages they headed into France in an attempt to link up with the Anglo-Imperial army. At Langres Bourbon sent the landsknecht some of his own hastily gathered funds whilst English gold was received in the nick of time, temporarily quelling discontent amongst the mercenary troops.<br /><br /></div><div>Still attempting to raise the cavalry Bourbon entered into negotiations with Antoine de Lorraine, who was married to Bourbon's sister Renee, in an effort to secure the safe passage of his troops through Antoine's territory should it be required. Preoccupied by these efforts the duke did not assume command of the landsknecht. As they marched along the banks of the Marne in the direction of Paris the German mercenaries were harassed by a large cavalry force that had been raised by Claude de Guise. The French horse prevented the landsknecht from foraging whilst the changing weather and lack of pay sapped the morale of Furstenburg and Werdenberg's men. As they descended into France, despite Bourbons wishes, the landsknecht plundered and looted towns they passed which led to further indiscipline and meant the column of troops was laden with wagons of plunder.</div><div> </div><div>Seeing their troops were more preoccupied with protecting their loot the German captains were unwilling to face Guise and his cavalry. They attempted to retreat by crossing the Meuse into Lorraine where they hoped Bourbon had secured them safe passage. They could then head into Flanders and descend on Paris from the north. Unfortunately for the landsknecht Claude de Guise had predicted this escape attempt and laid a trap for them at Neufchateau. In his memoires, penned some years after the event, Martin du Bellay describes how the Duke of Guise, being aware of the landsknecht retreat despatched two or three hundred men at arms to cross the Meuse and head them off. He would then attack them from the rear as they crossed the river. The captain of the men at arms ordered to cross the river, the Lord of Gourville, quarelled with Lord Chastelet of Lorraine, Guise's standard bearer. Chastelet stabbed Gourville in the mouth. Being unaware of this infighting and thinking that the men he had ordered across were already in position Guise attacked the rear of the landsknecht column and cut them to pieces recovering much of the plunder. Those landsknecht already across the river escaped as the men sent to stop them were delayed by Gourville and Chastelet's violent quarrel.</div><div><br /></div><div>Guise's wife, Antoinette de Bourbon, and Bourbon's sister, Renee, the duchess of Lorraine, watched the fighting from the walls of the town. Due to the ill discipline of Guise's captains many of Furstenburg's landsknecht did escape into Lorraine. Those mercenaries who had managed to hang onto their loot returned home, whilst others headed to find employment in Italy. Bourbon had intended to march into France with an army to meet the Duke of Suffolk. Instead, following Guise's attack at Neufchateau, his army had melted away.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpCb9-7Er_7wPIt5pDa1P1cp5X3RiuK9RU3UqNUl_lGaGT2y7jZa1Y42k1bLtIbzxvwn0y4GPW0F96mmJWkLf3hVkLCkkRco4MHoxeRlWSydm0GNceYNbq5ZKBF2OFboHy4ZVdtF-zxhuHi1LpNefUdS4S5KB--hJGdTksH4vstH-vNlNdxvNbVNr9SpTx/s4608/P1130049.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpCb9-7Er_7wPIt5pDa1P1cp5X3RiuK9RU3UqNUl_lGaGT2y7jZa1Y42k1bLtIbzxvwn0y4GPW0F96mmJWkLf3hVkLCkkRco4MHoxeRlWSydm0GNceYNbq5ZKBF2OFboHy4ZVdtF-zxhuHi1LpNefUdS4S5KB--hJGdTksH4vstH-vNlNdxvNbVNr9SpTx/w400-h300/P1130049.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Guise's wife, Antoinette de Bourbon, and Bourbon's sister, Renee, the duchess of Lorraine, watch the action from the walls of Neufchateau.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfw5jDRECI3xvER5pFJomcfmBJTAjjE_OvXpNzZJkIak1Rwiw7LkIymbRN-Cp8MtqM1miGUSpBTd2xZ4z7ru1YbYBmjIEWd7vrtkdtgIlqqdpeGfRhOzCZaZ3CQvTmPOgcbGXbUW42TYuopPhm2lU26cDUnukPsRQv8BnVdthGW-3XI0tyHhkTwMrMkkBm/s1920/P1130034%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfw5jDRECI3xvER5pFJomcfmBJTAjjE_OvXpNzZJkIak1Rwiw7LkIymbRN-Cp8MtqM1miGUSpBTd2xZ4z7ru1YbYBmjIEWd7vrtkdtgIlqqdpeGfRhOzCZaZ3CQvTmPOgcbGXbUW42TYuopPhm2lU26cDUnukPsRQv8BnVdthGW-3XI0tyHhkTwMrMkkBm/w400-h300/P1130034%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Camp followers accompany the landsknecht as they march into Lorraine.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYAbaYKDkLeo8_savDqRS1MhXtt31hnevpAOLY1m1NYj2strdGqGipNCLVQJ0W1SJcKxlOxG5adEKYhvKIIy8iWmHuqpGRMzKXL2SJoDWXYBm0mhecnq8AyXyT4CN7Akas3OyMBgrWoR6oTOUVA7U7-ECK-lNgdaVEy5qfgp3mRRItGc5NEDwQGGoqKmlJ/s1920/P1130034%20(3).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYAbaYKDkLeo8_savDqRS1MhXtt31hnevpAOLY1m1NYj2strdGqGipNCLVQJ0W1SJcKxlOxG5adEKYhvKIIy8iWmHuqpGRMzKXL2SJoDWXYBm0mhecnq8AyXyT4CN7Akas3OyMBgrWoR6oTOUVA7U7-ECK-lNgdaVEy5qfgp3mRRItGc5NEDwQGGoqKmlJ/w400-h300/P1130034%20(3).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the wagons and camp followers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUmgnuOVIH3BOqvp4_lzgL2DjFGm_GiGc9oowP2D4sZu8jh6h9V-cbVBWsKmp_Ki4xB5sfZFIOVV926GZpop4IVXu4TcUxgvQOKg4Sr1ZQUrBw-UC8e0-wW3cQoufgs2m3Gp_CXOfmpD2h5uOZr1mBhneIgPIfsnKjlkgUNZ_MlAQcsgiTs8WAf2-DQrCk/s1920/P1130034%20(4).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUmgnuOVIH3BOqvp4_lzgL2DjFGm_GiGc9oowP2D4sZu8jh6h9V-cbVBWsKmp_Ki4xB5sfZFIOVV926GZpop4IVXu4TcUxgvQOKg4Sr1ZQUrBw-UC8e0-wW3cQoufgs2m3Gp_CXOfmpD2h5uOZr1mBhneIgPIfsnKjlkgUNZ_MlAQcsgiTs8WAf2-DQrCk/w400-h300/P1130034%20(4).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Many of the landsknecht are preoccupied with getting their loot home.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>Scenario<br /><br /></u></div><div>As the photos show the battlefield was set up to with the river Meuse running close to the walls of Neufchateau (with Antoinette de Bourbon, and Renee, the duchess of Lorraine looking on). The river could only be crossed at the bridge.<br /><br /></div><div><u>Deployment<br /><br /></u></div><div>The landsknecht had to be deployed in a column with wagons. The landsknecht player could place troops on the bridge but no further across the river than that.<br /><br /></div><div>None of Guise's forces started on the table. The landsknecht would take the first turn and then from turn one Guise's forces could arrive via move activations. Guise's units could not charge, shoot or skirmish on the first turn of arrival. Most of Guise's force would arrive behind the landsknecht column whilst Gourville and Chastelet's force would arrive in front of the column, see below.<br /><br /></div><div><u>Objectives</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The landsknecht objective was simple - they had to try and get as many troops as possible over the bridge and off the table. To represent the plunder they also had three large wagons which each had to be assigned to a unit. The wagons could move a maximum of 6" per turn and units would loose the wagon if they were defeated in combat or battered. Units with a wagon could not attack whilst still holding the wagon but could shoot whilst they had control of a wagon. Other landsknecht units could pick up "lost" wagons by moving into base to base contact with them. The new unit was then considered to have picked it up and could move with the wagon. All the smaller carts and the livestock in the photos were included for affect and had no bearing on the game.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Gourville and Chastelet and the force sent to cross the river</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The historical attack by Guise was effective but, according to du Bellay, the ill discipline of the men sent across the Meuse to head off the landsknecht meant the attack did not go entirely to plan and some of the landsknecht escaped. To represent this in our scenario part of Guise's force had crossed the river but was still part of the main retinue. Gourville and Chastelet's Gendarme units and accompanying lancers would deploy from the other side of the river in front of the marching landsknecht column. <br /><br />If Gourville and Chastelet's Gendarme units were within charge range of each other these two units had to test to wild charge one another. They did this before attacking any landsknecht units if the other gendarme unit was an option. This was to represent the bloody quarrel between them!<br /><br /></div><div><u>Victory Points</u><br /><br />Victory in this scenario was based on victory points.</div><div><br /></div><div>The landsknecht would get:</div><div>2 points for every unit that left the table edge the column was heading towards.</div><div>An additional 2 points if William von Furstenburg left the table from the correct table edge.</div><div>An additional 2 points if Felix von Werdenberg left the table from the correct table edge.</div><div>5 points for every wagon that left the table from the correct table edge.</div><div>3 points if Claude de Guise was killed or routed.</div><div><br /></div><div>The French would get:</div><div>1 point for every landsknecht unit that was killed or routed and an additional plus 1 point if Felix von Werdenberg's unit did not escape.</div><div>3 points for every wagon that did not escape.</div><div>2 points if William von Furstenburg was killed or routed.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv_2b9h8N3mEDkUFam8nO-2Y5FrntxnEqxAaJ0j28Ft2PPL7EzKmiryJk3jmc9y10G2JeoN_DSIxs0AD0K01QI8SOMB6TdVqjWlKhLn7Lth4fiyOXQUE_IPwoheUaSOwd7dkfItNxy_NQwLeexERWQkKHbi1_WOulSPsjQRuTHa60F_OqKKirjdOYSNAi-/s1920/P1130034%20(5).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv_2b9h8N3mEDkUFam8nO-2Y5FrntxnEqxAaJ0j28Ft2PPL7EzKmiryJk3jmc9y10G2JeoN_DSIxs0AD0K01QI8SOMB6TdVqjWlKhLn7Lth4fiyOXQUE_IPwoheUaSOwd7dkfItNxy_NQwLeexERWQkKHbi1_WOulSPsjQRuTHa60F_OqKKirjdOYSNAi-/w300-h400/P1130034%20(5).jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A band of marching landsknecht arquebusiers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb05e-KYL_n6mnxv1hCCG0IMC1UIjP48XxSx8d3q4_mj-CFAYCYdy0Db6bzKV0tnztWLdBQ9S88wgJQv_Tvpw31EXdp55_YJJsXHdwvjJ0y2-gypbP7NFcA-NW0f7bDuOUbh1p3-3EtoOlfCoAFy7b8U_gyYCgl6I6gylXoNzapiS2zCVM2bjnUVkeWxPG/s1920/P1130034.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb05e-KYL_n6mnxv1hCCG0IMC1UIjP48XxSx8d3q4_mj-CFAYCYdy0Db6bzKV0tnztWLdBQ9S88wgJQv_Tvpw31EXdp55_YJJsXHdwvjJ0y2-gypbP7NFcA-NW0f7bDuOUbh1p3-3EtoOlfCoAFy7b8U_gyYCgl6I6gylXoNzapiS2zCVM2bjnUVkeWxPG/w400-h300/P1130034.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landsknecht have seized livestock on their incursion into France which they are now herding as the column slowly marches on.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoBGLIBx47ezbCy0dswF5sHrCkmPF7pNfxFQNz9pdSzTw6_0sZauz10mVI1DySWn5zERzILXx8XwlgmK-sQz-X5ojQ0Zi2WHu-8rcXB82beitZP1Nv153DxxSMuzr3Siv6_bX2uo3SZT23CVw6QX71DgEP0d6rUQgKbtrHFyjEd_C1dn2RcJ13we2ldQ9d/s1920/P1130035.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoBGLIBx47ezbCy0dswF5sHrCkmPF7pNfxFQNz9pdSzTw6_0sZauz10mVI1DySWn5zERzILXx8XwlgmK-sQz-X5ojQ0Zi2WHu-8rcXB82beitZP1Nv153DxxSMuzr3Siv6_bX2uo3SZT23CVw6QX71DgEP0d6rUQgKbtrHFyjEd_C1dn2RcJ13we2ldQ9d/w400-h300/P1130035.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Von Furstenburg and Von Werdenberg's troops begin to cross the Meuse.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>Claude de Guise and the French cavalry</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Force Arriving from behind the landsknecht:</div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Claude de Guise retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes</div><div>2 Units of Men at Arms</div><div>2 Units of Ordonnance Archers with lances</div><div>1 Unit of Ordonnance Archers with bows</div><div>2 Units of Mounted Crossbowmen</div><div><br /></div><div>Force already across the Meuse arriving in front of the landsknecht:</div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Lord of Gourville)</div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Lord Chastelet of Lorraine) </div><div>2 Units of Ordonnance Archers with lances</div><div><br /></div><div><u>William von Furstenburg and the landsknecht</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (William von Furstenburg retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Felix von Werdenberg and his men)</div><div>5 Units of Landsknecht Pike </div><div>4 Units of Landsknecht Arquebusiers </div><div>2 Units of Landsknecht Halberdiers</div><div><br /></div><div>As always the games were played using our modified Renaissance Rampant rules. For this game Stuart chose to play as the French so I took command of the landsknecht. A brief summary of what turned out to be a fairly brief game follows but the captions under the pictures are also a good way to follow the action.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jUFFzFYtN-j7GT9xE27fHYtsF_rNtYJspVK15sK5uvLABIJcpJgovOf2JEWfR4BdHuRYfKAM6bekFdUUvIiVvWoHFZWPo6eKvEEMajDGVvlu0zX-0boLgYf73gbfvHRScYjYLpmApWTWaj4SB9kNpJmo73OdODV4ZtKdwxHOaIqAA2H2uE7R3p4UmNes/s4020/P1130054.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4020" data-original-width="2260" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jUFFzFYtN-j7GT9xE27fHYtsF_rNtYJspVK15sK5uvLABIJcpJgovOf2JEWfR4BdHuRYfKAM6bekFdUUvIiVvWoHFZWPo6eKvEEMajDGVvlu0zX-0boLgYf73gbfvHRScYjYLpmApWTWaj4SB9kNpJmo73OdODV4ZtKdwxHOaIqAA2H2uE7R3p4UmNes/w225-h400/P1130054.JPG" width="225" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the landsknecht begin to the cross the river, Lord Chastelet of Lorraine arrives with his gendarmes and lancers. He is Guise's standard bearer, and one of the captains Guise ordered to cross the river ahead of the landsknecht.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgesRQOFasdNo-MmkeW8iT1f_hT2q3nUXbvZslbWDGFxlgvFsRXoTscfJWJVI2CyY1ZLeM4GkW6ANy3o-fl9EN3vxj0h8D-8SCdF2qWRtV8V5XftiMj-y3BRZEZccZdknuELfnIox7GHDoYmgDIYIM7ANqh8MNcxF31aHcOmlV_x-ZJ95S4FxdI36tVrdo5/s1920/P1130055.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgesRQOFasdNo-MmkeW8iT1f_hT2q3nUXbvZslbWDGFxlgvFsRXoTscfJWJVI2CyY1ZLeM4GkW6ANy3o-fl9EN3vxj0h8D-8SCdF2qWRtV8V5XftiMj-y3BRZEZccZdknuELfnIox7GHDoYmgDIYIM7ANqh8MNcxF31aHcOmlV_x-ZJ95S4FxdI36tVrdo5/w400-h300/P1130055.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lord Chastelet's lancers prepare to charge the landsknecht column...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_69d60Pzg0YLmNSTNUjM_vV3Ex9FeRm3g2_ACp1gaZ0SvH-E2J3P1xU1QU3glgB4iMyZMwdUcGMzQMGkYDoJOrCWqWVCYHIWA-8nwE2Kh60QWyJIrP4oIbd7rp0_Sf9C1MK5OAwiAt8ZOg6aR0x8kz_vvxReRirvcqmxzRmxl-P-NGlAyBM1mPaUDeJt/s4608/P1130074.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_69d60Pzg0YLmNSTNUjM_vV3Ex9FeRm3g2_ACp1gaZ0SvH-E2J3P1xU1QU3glgB4iMyZMwdUcGMzQMGkYDoJOrCWqWVCYHIWA-8nwE2Kh60QWyJIrP4oIbd7rp0_Sf9C1MK5OAwiAt8ZOg6aR0x8kz_vvxReRirvcqmxzRmxl-P-NGlAyBM1mPaUDeJt/w400-h300/P1130074.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and charge into a unit of landsknecht arquebusiers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN-VImj73xje1p8UbBn6KHrNRftJwcC02PQXcBgi8fiVGMraEeiGk8fEp_I2Rlh8-sTOQ17Ch0lhf0ub0EMC_R8BJSI5gRpq41ieehbjFDiAI_K40TjjaZ2v7pCkl8uyfztywJQgRHnWICy8WqYWId4mbyMv45EYCxGtXh-tuwj3S-eSjkXO8sBiznIE3X/s1920/P1130080%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN-VImj73xje1p8UbBn6KHrNRftJwcC02PQXcBgi8fiVGMraEeiGk8fEp_I2Rlh8-sTOQ17Ch0lhf0ub0EMC_R8BJSI5gRpq41ieehbjFDiAI_K40TjjaZ2v7pCkl8uyfztywJQgRHnWICy8WqYWId4mbyMv45EYCxGtXh-tuwj3S-eSjkXO8sBiznIE3X/w300-h400/P1130080%20(2).jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lord Chastelet of Lorraine is distracted from his mission when he spots the Lord of Gourville, a fellow noble who he has been quarrelling with.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7cko-D7SzsiOpREdMD3dY7zNjhi8WSicmOFvJgJh_686l7BLZ8C0T-IpJBile_Bek_NCr8zj3jybjKVmKSjvJy5Y4-8WXL6VQw7YKC_qUbVtlVtgdFKoB-0uCI2FHcSUbeGBRNeuGhM9Ni2hbcdzCUAqJAi9d1x--ItOWd7TteWAcot2taAux8pew4w4a/s2916/P1130082.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2840" data-original-width="2916" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7cko-D7SzsiOpREdMD3dY7zNjhi8WSicmOFvJgJh_686l7BLZ8C0T-IpJBile_Bek_NCr8zj3jybjKVmKSjvJy5Y4-8WXL6VQw7YKC_qUbVtlVtgdFKoB-0uCI2FHcSUbeGBRNeuGhM9Ni2hbcdzCUAqJAi9d1x--ItOWd7TteWAcot2taAux8pew4w4a/w400-h390/P1130082.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chastelet and Gourville charge each other...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbIxkxpx3dD1LGff2Ote1hLe855jkojA-mVzGASHnOsqR8Cvrk5E7KyFI32Jp7y6cW5cIe2mzeOP3Kr3y-RL28DVBlggy1WGGWd9EriP2CL9gl8TbFCZdFg658Og5ftgDhnC4P4Qe8ueRtHjBDNY8yPLOD11VG5zYMYm-5K6rqSVuiGjS2RNXT4qKmiCHR/s1920/P1130083.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbIxkxpx3dD1LGff2Ote1hLe855jkojA-mVzGASHnOsqR8Cvrk5E7KyFI32Jp7y6cW5cIe2mzeOP3Kr3y-RL28DVBlggy1WGGWd9EriP2CL9gl8TbFCZdFg658Og5ftgDhnC4P4Qe8ueRtHjBDNY8yPLOD11VG5zYMYm-5K6rqSVuiGjS2RNXT4qKmiCHR/w400-h300/P1130083.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and in the ensuing fight Chastelet is severely wounded. His men leave the field.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />As William von Furstenburg led his men over the bridge and across the Meuse they were alarmed to see a small force of French gendarmes and lancers already on the other side of the river. As ordered by his commander <span style="text-align: center;">Lord Chastelet of Lorraine had crossed the river with some of his men in order to lay in wait for the retreating Furstenburg and his landsknecht. As the landsknecht crossed the bridge Chastelet's cavalry charged into them, driving some of the infantry back.<br /></span><br />Guise had also ordered another captain to cross the river, the Lord of Gourville. Gourville and Chastelet had quarelled previously leading Chastelet to stab Gourville in the mouth! With this bad blood between them the two gendarme captains temporarily ignored their fight with the landsknecht and fell to blows with one another. Gourville drove Chastelet and his men from the field which left Gourville to face the oncoming landsknecht column alone. Supported by his lancers he managed to drive off some of the landsknecht arquebusiers and push some of their pikemen back. As more landsknecht arrived over the bridge <span style="text-align: center;">Furstenburg's forces were able to reform and fight off Gourville and his men. This left the escape route for the landsknecht open.</span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7njINTMYufbnfd8ZaSPMYt9f6wnZPUpAzZR8-u80waZJTbgLWeX0O0jfS-ADn-Tp6KBFIpxtweJRY3Fnvm2E97MkpcHk_fxs2DStBQgykjT-1_skkZc_MHLGhodS-j0GqKg7YNWZBw5jiyaEpwS0F6SPNn1pkecIikgdzE7nuf-Y0Ykq4YZbUv_31AWs5/s1920/P1130084.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7njINTMYufbnfd8ZaSPMYt9f6wnZPUpAzZR8-u80waZJTbgLWeX0O0jfS-ADn-Tp6KBFIpxtweJRY3Fnvm2E97MkpcHk_fxs2DStBQgykjT-1_skkZc_MHLGhodS-j0GqKg7YNWZBw5jiyaEpwS0F6SPNn1pkecIikgdzE7nuf-Y0Ykq4YZbUv_31AWs5/w400-h300/P1130084.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lord Gourville's lancers crash into some of the landsknecht pike and push them back.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuaxQdcYVR8-ewLTFgDDwN2qbycqy4yFsuq07u3YMaurZ_3D9pYjh3xGaot2QX_iynfa5iVLHwWHODR3qvLM80TJ_HDh9BdgL-bvySz-11PaTCfaIukUZqTlEmYrdfNvYsckpKnAMJMe45y0afmD1axUvH7imj8vOjUceSLnY4wpHU13Ftd-4RSgHsXjEA/s3672/P1130088.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2612" data-original-width="3672" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuaxQdcYVR8-ewLTFgDDwN2qbycqy4yFsuq07u3YMaurZ_3D9pYjh3xGaot2QX_iynfa5iVLHwWHODR3qvLM80TJ_HDh9BdgL-bvySz-11PaTCfaIukUZqTlEmYrdfNvYsckpKnAMJMe45y0afmD1axUvH7imj8vOjUceSLnY4wpHU13Ftd-4RSgHsXjEA/w400-h285/P1130088.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lord Gourville and his gendarmes ride down a group of landsknecht arquebusiers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOeJShVu-M0En-UZigBimr8cM7qdGpVaFiYPeY01iZnKaTulgImrRUcIB6k1N77HI8P2TE-qf5_5P-1WPVgN5TFnzqHdAgNhQ1AoOpOdfXPmuu9hbgQ5pQvNrFcO0N5VJHmROoFyefjQ9p7DfXTyilsvdT9jIlPlgcQcIOBPQXDXRj1zdtTw_9dmrtxFdx/s4424/P1130095.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4424" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOeJShVu-M0En-UZigBimr8cM7qdGpVaFiYPeY01iZnKaTulgImrRUcIB6k1N77HI8P2TE-qf5_5P-1WPVgN5TFnzqHdAgNhQ1AoOpOdfXPmuu9hbgQ5pQvNrFcO0N5VJHmROoFyefjQ9p7DfXTyilsvdT9jIlPlgcQcIOBPQXDXRj1zdtTw_9dmrtxFdx/w313-h400/P1130095.JPG" width="313" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view along the column, The French gendarmes are at the head of the bridge.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrEXgvJX6IR5BJ7WJXrzrmNVnh-NxdLvsQaL9uVeI_PGSgPxZ8jtnQn5-srPSxVRymL1GtayHMUfdXtGvXOskmZX0HYl_xhaqVM21c_ftelEbeZVNHfBKt0eDeAvHB8s0m7Q_6gdfMQeYBWYL3XRXbpBG3hsXOlmkdD1GHw5F9giIN_t7H0ANXOLdjCHjB/s1920/P1130096%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrEXgvJX6IR5BJ7WJXrzrmNVnh-NxdLvsQaL9uVeI_PGSgPxZ8jtnQn5-srPSxVRymL1GtayHMUfdXtGvXOskmZX0HYl_xhaqVM21c_ftelEbeZVNHfBKt0eDeAvHB8s0m7Q_6gdfMQeYBWYL3XRXbpBG3hsXOlmkdD1GHw5F9giIN_t7H0ANXOLdjCHjB/w400-h300/P1130096%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There is panic in the landsknecht ranks as it looks like they may be unable to escape and fall victim to the marauding French cavalry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1vorcdBeNn_GH2lYi_ZwOS23pXEo5ZcnvwocjFgtrNwP35blKNj2HtqkeDUN8hMmQT86uDTr8VKyShCNAG8DITggyTBNowmB9bToTQLsaNRdWb4dvdGX6ljcwnhxrBeppcnBelMS-sujBhqqAURsthV4UqEjqwRFCwxSUoVbV1wz5TOYDVNyflclcbJ-D/s1920/P1130096.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1016" data-original-width="1920" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1vorcdBeNn_GH2lYi_ZwOS23pXEo5ZcnvwocjFgtrNwP35blKNj2HtqkeDUN8hMmQT86uDTr8VKyShCNAG8DITggyTBNowmB9bToTQLsaNRdWb4dvdGX6ljcwnhxrBeppcnBelMS-sujBhqqAURsthV4UqEjqwRFCwxSUoVbV1wz5TOYDVNyflclcbJ-D/w400-h211/P1130096.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the fighting at the foot of the bridge Lord Gourville and his men are being pushed back in a determined counterattack by the landsknecht pike.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtwFdvndPXtj8lj7UTXsBMIoZt8jHA9IdB2rTvLVAqwCAvXn_7ajm7avJNv6Ghcrdq2Jr27j18VBgFL_tZ_O0wraRbGhKkPJqhYzYJFSYkGAtezvj5nmiCzl4RVJjrLIKc7S68wGeqbYOoCLn6ZrQlQrv3bjzQCaEpZBz1Sq88peLC5rue7Iw7tLsWY95a/s2948/P1130106.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2948" data-original-width="2284" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtwFdvndPXtj8lj7UTXsBMIoZt8jHA9IdB2rTvLVAqwCAvXn_7ajm7avJNv6Ghcrdq2Jr27j18VBgFL_tZ_O0wraRbGhKkPJqhYzYJFSYkGAtezvj5nmiCzl4RVJjrLIKc7S68wGeqbYOoCLn6ZrQlQrv3bjzQCaEpZBz1Sq88peLC5rue7Iw7tLsWY95a/w310-h400/P1130106.JPG" width="310" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On the other side of the river to the rear of the landsknecht column Claude de Guise's main cavalry force begins to arrive. The lancers, mounted archers and mounted crossbowmen arrive first with the heavier cavalry still behind them.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div>On the other side of the river the lighter troops from Claude de Guise's cavalry force rode forward in an attempt to stop the landsknecht from escaping. A rearguard of landsknecht arquebusiers fought off some of the oncoming cavalry but were soon ridden down. The French horse were not quick to pursue the rest of the landsknecht column with Guise and the heavy cavalry slow to arrive. As the lighter horse, the lancers, mounted archers and mounted crossbowmen, awaited their commander with his gendarmes and men at arms the landsknecht managed to get all of their wagons across the bridge.<br /><br /><span style="text-align: center;">Antoinette de Bourbon, and Renee, the duchess of Lorraine, watched on from the walls of Neufchateau as Furstenburg and his men made good their escape. The early attack by Chastelet and Gourville followed by the quarrel between the two captains meant that the landsknecht could safely cross the river. Some of Guise's mounted crossbowmen harassed the landsknecht column as they rode alongside only to be caught out when a group of halberdiers broke from the column and dispersed the crossbowmen with a violent charge. Guise's ambush had been mistimed and the landsknecht escaped.</span><br /><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwdFUv45nyG7PIbJxL2bGaKndZJoGA8DzsZJ6CCD_sFzLrMSA15IaNP8mGRR9qsH_Ikejy6lBXgyKc92B6N6cchfK5K3TC8qbMcZgf0VWD2UTL6yYVSMjV5AIBBa_QFdok1knKbXfz9GelTOYZze3EA5fQNl5yG4dmrNHCiPFdMp_CLPTScWAK2Qctj16q/s1920/P1130107.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwdFUv45nyG7PIbJxL2bGaKndZJoGA8DzsZJ6CCD_sFzLrMSA15IaNP8mGRR9qsH_Ikejy6lBXgyKc92B6N6cchfK5K3TC8qbMcZgf0VWD2UTL6yYVSMjV5AIBBa_QFdok1knKbXfz9GelTOYZze3EA5fQNl5yG4dmrNHCiPFdMp_CLPTScWAK2Qctj16q/w400-h300/P1130107.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of French mounted archers arrives.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih4-TvDtli4Avoy5XM2rphUiZwqeesUnMuHDttz0fHGtxm2YAqekjDe10WuArI3RgIxk75rH9DTKiICjrRERsyhth2V_11DHNTnXZWYu0zZYw_FGwgF0Rpvlz1ZFKOmdo3cYsXx5xYC-lU_HI6EwHcJPSOOc9EsiH7w36MsXJ78Mzjhbi9WNvEve32RiZD/s4608/P1130112.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih4-TvDtli4Avoy5XM2rphUiZwqeesUnMuHDttz0fHGtxm2YAqekjDe10WuArI3RgIxk75rH9DTKiICjrRERsyhth2V_11DHNTnXZWYu0zZYw_FGwgF0Rpvlz1ZFKOmdo3cYsXx5xYC-lU_HI6EwHcJPSOOc9EsiH7w36MsXJ78Mzjhbi9WNvEve32RiZD/w400-h300/P1130112.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of landsknecht arquebusiers form a rearguard. They manage to see off one unit of Guise's lancers but are then ridden down by a second.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeGb1LP9EGimaPv_Mcpw3cqQJb7hyE8SP9V6tFUTm6OqR5ps2cSLSNsiix13qSTkTeAtcQkKW4tlnqsotSKRg3Q4nciq_zFlbgB1hTU7-DYa4NQtsfIKUEXlTQ6Xa7LvHUqEBlFpYeJV70EXinn3vad7S3GUYV7dy3W2qEDhjUSe6vGdFdkQnyTyjhrsrA/s3564/P1130132.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3564" data-original-width="1756" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeGb1LP9EGimaPv_Mcpw3cqQJb7hyE8SP9V6tFUTm6OqR5ps2cSLSNsiix13qSTkTeAtcQkKW4tlnqsotSKRg3Q4nciq_zFlbgB1hTU7-DYa4NQtsfIKUEXlTQ6Xa7LvHUqEBlFpYeJV70EXinn3vad7S3GUYV7dy3W2qEDhjUSe6vGdFdkQnyTyjhrsrA/w198-h400/P1130132.JPG" width="198" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Guise has arrived too late...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGgOfEs-sqyjZwfXXwDzRP-edLUJS3rwB6afFXEPsg4FjNURJFLZFLp8iYCUjUgQtrjoCg8R8PtmpDW3AdtL4FqKYaAyPKvP2VH-vwt17OaX7k_dqHmLOYCyyDyJCluhALivGNG1Fms1vwu5IyQYK3etehOuo4Ibmy7P3OgcxYWkGSNqCFVs11BbXgClHA/s3560/P1130147.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3560" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGgOfEs-sqyjZwfXXwDzRP-edLUJS3rwB6afFXEPsg4FjNURJFLZFLp8iYCUjUgQtrjoCg8R8PtmpDW3AdtL4FqKYaAyPKvP2VH-vwt17OaX7k_dqHmLOYCyyDyJCluhALivGNG1Fms1vwu5IyQYK3etehOuo4Ibmy7P3OgcxYWkGSNqCFVs11BbXgClHA/w389-h400/P1130147.JPG" width="389" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...the main landsknecht force and their valuable wagons full of loot have crossed the river.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijN5R_dDytr3Q7sIdaNkryVdrzV9eHnaVFsdEGhXC8lK0JbmU8ULBZOozn-fAD-6pijuZIXFSfQtSnySy_ldIxGXSFwehxXG0Yr-dw-GNWbTBGdODm2VFZQCDMe0NqObCTKgJ7l_6gM_j1yEJN5fbWWWPlFPrC2N4_wveEH9rZ0kWEj0GfESVhMnAORfeY/s4608/P1130154.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijN5R_dDytr3Q7sIdaNkryVdrzV9eHnaVFsdEGhXC8lK0JbmU8ULBZOozn-fAD-6pijuZIXFSfQtSnySy_ldIxGXSFwehxXG0Yr-dw-GNWbTBGdODm2VFZQCDMe0NqObCTKgJ7l_6gM_j1yEJN5fbWWWPlFPrC2N4_wveEH9rZ0kWEj0GfESVhMnAORfeY/w400-h300/P1130154.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of landsknecht halberdiers pushes back some of the mounted crossbowmen who get too close to the column. Chastelet and Gourville's ill discipline has meant that the escape rout for Von Furstenburg and Von Werdenberg's men is clear. Claude de Guise has not even arrived on the field and landsknecht have already escaped!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAvh8BvBRMyvIsHlalIkQDoIEaoyFFwG2R39FkrKJwf9QjPpHSo5DhJU2q7Bwvy8khvE6QfzCnxMFFVdU0fuOF5J-r1q4rc89h9sCF61zL-OEMsQelQBieuZYrW246QxXbasWbKmWYlusXFYney28JAmZ9s_9PId66vbG6v4kbhlazd5ssm1qX9qxE-0CL/s2560/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="1872" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAvh8BvBRMyvIsHlalIkQDoIEaoyFFwG2R39FkrKJwf9QjPpHSo5DhJU2q7Bwvy8khvE6QfzCnxMFFVdU0fuOF5J-r1q4rc89h9sCF61zL-OEMsQelQBieuZYrW246QxXbasWbKmWYlusXFYney28JAmZ9s_9PId66vbG6v4kbhlazd5ssm1qX9qxE-0CL/w293-h400/1.jpg" width="293" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Siege of Marseille, 1524</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Following his failed invasion of France described above, Bourbon headed to Italy reaching Genoa on 20 December 1523. In the wake of the illness and death of Prospero Colonna he was appointed to the position of an Imperial General. In this role he aided the forces of Charles de Lannoy and Fernando d'Ávalos, the Marquis of Pescara, when they drove the French, under Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet, out of Italy in the Spring of 1524. This left the Imperialists in a position to strike at France itself and Bourbon and Pescara were given command of a force of around 11,000 men, comprised of landsknecht, Italian and Spanish infantry with 700 light horse. Setting out on 24 June the army spent July moving through Provence with towns and cities surrendering as they advanced. The French defence was centred on Marseille where Renzo da Ceri commanded the former garrison of Lodi, who had retreated from Italy, numbering 4,000 men and was reinforced by Chabot de Brion with 300 men at arms. On August 9 Bourbon made a ceremonial entry into the surrendered French city of Aix-en-Provence, but the Spanish captains in the army persuaded Bourbon to halt his advance. They argued leaving Marseille in French hands would pose a dangerous threat to their rear as they advanced further, whilst taking the city would also allow for the possibility of supply and reinforcement from the sea.</div><div><br /></div><div>Bourbon and Pescara arrived outside Marseille on 14 August 1524. Renzo da Ceri had reinforced the walls with earthen ramparts and deep ditches. The buildings outside the city walls had been levelled, denying any cover or shelter to the attackers. In addition to the Lodi garrison and Chabot de Brion's men at arms da Ceri had also recruited a large city militia of perhaps as many as 6,000 men. The French defence was was aided by the French fleet, under the veteran Genoese Admiral Andrea Doria. Doria's fleet had already fought off the Spanish fleet that was supporting the invasion under Hugo de Moncada on July 8. It was now based on the nearby Island of Pomègues from where it could continue to supply and reinforce the besieged city.</div><div><br /></div><div>Whilst the Imperialist rearguard had been left to hold Aix-en Provence, the rest of the army arrived at Marseille on 19 August. The landsknecht camped very close to the sea to the north west of Marseille, the Spanish made camp to the south east whilst the smaller contingent of Italians were positioned in between them. From the start of the siege Andrea Doria and his fleet threatened the camp. The English diplomat Richard Pace, accompanying the Imperial Army, wrote how on the morning following the arrival of the army on the 19th 200 to 300 men, were landed in an attempt to surprise the landsknecht camp. They killed one of Bourbon's gentlemen, named Richmond, but were pushed back when the Spanish counter attacked with many being taken prisoner, including a Neopolitan Baron. Bourbon had to divert some guns from their positions bombarding the walls to a nearby hill facing the sea in order to deter further attacks. </div><div><br /></div><div>On the 23 August an assault was launched on a breach in the walls but the Imperialists were unable to push through the hail of shot unleashed by the defenders. Following this Bourbon and Pescara's engineers attempted to undermine the French defences but da Ceri countered them with his own engineering efforts. Capturing powder and guns from Toulon the Imperialists made further attempts to reduce Marseille's defences but when another attempt to storm a breach failed dismally on 21 September Bourbon and Pescara could see there was no way to bring a swift end to the siege. Doria's fleet still controlled the harbour and they did not have enough guns to destroy Marseille's fortifications and silence the French guns that were keeping them at bay. </div><div><br /></div><div>By now the French King, Francis I, had joined with Bonnivet in Lyons, reinforcing what remained of the French army that had retreated from Italy earlier that year. Though Bourbon was keen to march towards the French King and meet him in battle, Pescara and his Spanish and Italian captains argued returning to Italy to defend the Italian possessions of Charles V was of more importance than any personal gains in France for the Duke of Bourbon. Without his own personal troops Bourbon was unable to sway the other commanders and on 27 September the Imperial army broke camp and headed back to Italy. Within months Bourbon would get his battle with the French King, amidst the siege works of Pavia in February the following year.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYLACL0CNVpCtuzPIDtNjixTHWNY4whhPJA7FRxK1setW16b3hcXAuiXxQht2rGkXthdhCtFvuW1fYs-1c_JWc_uzoLLgij2WXYBLSBBfytCxyHg50SHPTHg1NAGo2aomstKljfxtOzj5lFG4J5VFpnRorJ_i4UXUS-LCbKJGHNNsv4zSyn82lXjZlbJzp/s1920/P1130229.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYLACL0CNVpCtuzPIDtNjixTHWNY4whhPJA7FRxK1setW16b3hcXAuiXxQht2rGkXthdhCtFvuW1fYs-1c_JWc_uzoLLgij2WXYBLSBBfytCxyHg50SHPTHg1NAGo2aomstKljfxtOzj5lFG4J5VFpnRorJ_i4UXUS-LCbKJGHNNsv4zSyn82lXjZlbJzp/w400-h300/P1130229.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">20 August 1524 and the landsknecht have begun setting up their siege guns at the walls of Marseille.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioIQLfpCh-Fzjk2cCA8zUu8xDZhGFIuhdeoydma1598WnoiBZtVSl1h3RpCHddN0e5ojbCwoe92RwWGWnK8qO6zES-q6mxDIK_tgUuMSF9U5_0d1AyKYe2LYNsqazmL3XBopyIOmWyPnH-IWcbdJ-vKpZs1W05Vcx9_VAqq7WsXLJZRJdjkgXkjOzSOdJF/s1920/P1130230.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioIQLfpCh-Fzjk2cCA8zUu8xDZhGFIuhdeoydma1598WnoiBZtVSl1h3RpCHddN0e5ojbCwoe92RwWGWnK8qO6zES-q6mxDIK_tgUuMSF9U5_0d1AyKYe2LYNsqazmL3XBopyIOmWyPnH-IWcbdJ-vKpZs1W05Vcx9_VAqq7WsXLJZRJdjkgXkjOzSOdJF/w300-h400/P1130230.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As they move the guns into position mantlets and gabions are used to protect the gunners from the guns of the defenders.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilb0RMPMJSkKMkkzlmBC1MbOV23DvDDjDgDF3Jcte1DMfnHP8VQMy6uMSNQbApb_WR9NNh0IgeZ98vETEKt3FVhDjx3ywcZzOlw99dyCw-a9FFAUZqVjQZBkJk8dYKsbapKgZ0ZDr7DIecCtlckOzkC3c4NEbYx1FDS7Ub0-XqrsWdh7OgQbKvsfgtMKFz/s1920/P1130231.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilb0RMPMJSkKMkkzlmBC1MbOV23DvDDjDgDF3Jcte1DMfnHP8VQMy6uMSNQbApb_WR9NNh0IgeZ98vETEKt3FVhDjx3ywcZzOlw99dyCw-a9FFAUZqVjQZBkJk8dYKsbapKgZ0ZDr7DIecCtlckOzkC3c4NEbYx1FDS7Ub0-XqrsWdh7OgQbKvsfgtMKFz/w400-h300/P1130231.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Charged with the defence of Marseille, Renzo da Ceri has surrounded the city with earthworks and gun bastions. From these positions the French can fire on the attacking Imperialists.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>Scenario</u></div><div><br /></div><div>For this game we decided it would be fun to attempt a refight of the attack by the troops landed by Andrea Doria on 20 August. The table was set up with the walls of Marseille and the earthworks of the siege at one table edge with the landsknecht camp in front of it. The coastal boards denoted the Mediterranean sea from where Doria would land the attack.</div><div><br /></div><div>The aim of the Genoese and French troops being landed was to destroy as many landsknecht gun positions as possible.<br /><br /></div><div><u>Deployment</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The game started with the landsknecht deployed on the table just in front of their camp. The troops landing from the Genoese fleet were deployed within 6" of the waters edge. The Genoese and French force took the first turn. See the second photo below for the troop and gun battery positions.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Spanish</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The Spanish reinforcements would arrive from the other side of the table to the coast. The Imperialist player could start to roll for their arrival from turn 5. On the first roll (at the start of turn 5) a 10+ on 2D6 would herald the arrival of the Spanish. The following turn a 9+ would mean they could arrive and the following turn an 8+ and so on. The Spanish reinforcements would deploy via move activations. They could only enter the table via a move activation and could not shoot, attack or skirmish when first arriving.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The gun positions</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The landsknecht had 3 gun positions that the Genoese/French were attempting to destroy.</div><div><br /></div><div>To destroy a gun position, a Genoese/French unit had to move into base to base contact with it. To achieve the victory points the French player had to have at least one base from a unit in contact with the earthworks of the gun position at the start of their activation phase. As an ordered activation, they could then use that unit to destroy the position (instead of moving, attacking, or shooting). If there were 7 or more models in the unit the position was destroyed on a roll of 8+ on 2D6; if there were 6 or fewer models in the unit then the position was destroyed on a roll of 9+ on 2D6.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Carrack</u></div><div><br /></div><div>To represent any galleys or carracks the Genoese had at sea every turn the French player got an automatic shot at medium range from the shore. This happened at the beginning of the French players turn so was the first thing to happen in the game. There was no need to roll to activate the shot. This meant that every turn the French player got to roll 8 dice hitting on 5+ at any Imperial unit up to 24" from the shore. A misfire (rolling five 1's on the 8 dice) would mean the fleet could no longer shoot.</div><div><u><br /></u></div><div><u>Victory</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Victory in the game was based on victory points but the game would end as soon as all of the Spanish reinforcements deployed on the table. At this point the landing force was assumed to have fled back to the boats as the Imperial army had been made aware of the attack.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Imperialists would get:</div><div>3 points for every gun position not destroyed.</div><div>3 points if they killed or routed the Naples Baron.</div><div><br /></div><div>The French would get:</div><div><br /></div><div>3 points for every gun position destroyed.</div><div>5 points if the killed or routed Bourbon.</div><div>2 points if they killed or routed "Richmond".</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnbrQ_BJatRnz2LTuZD4o4DrdHamAixnYJT5itYcpyoSeBf8y3GnbPcIi62K_gUhH1X4Le6WU0VqYAFMjOeqRUM1cXhZKj7k2DP-cWzCD_0jnjadI-LgfJB10sruC5Q0KHIwyN_XwiwMOXOVrYmzDrjuALAIOGDOFYnHY9vzlwkhoKTOMoCDFGbA3fwMNU/s1920/P1130261%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnbrQ_BJatRnz2LTuZD4o4DrdHamAixnYJT5itYcpyoSeBf8y3GnbPcIi62K_gUhH1X4Le6WU0VqYAFMjOeqRUM1cXhZKj7k2DP-cWzCD_0jnjadI-LgfJB10sruC5Q0KHIwyN_XwiwMOXOVrYmzDrjuALAIOGDOFYnHY9vzlwkhoKTOMoCDFGbA3fwMNU/w400-h300/P1130261%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In an attempt to disrupt the establishment of the gun batteries the veteran Genoese Admiral Andrea Doria, lands some 200 to 300 men.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO4L5g4uAstXB_Fxa8RVC1gFZ7JMK98MQzFcO3BZgIVVNHTEKg9YlSe5wn_uccCQ1EzMnv3SZUWM0ya90ygVbwb2c6k6DWGlWKaF2AFUFeoVpMYHn4vgXW7Korts4B3sDnKTwMPUO7F-QhLuBd7xXAfinmrEg5BinszreCa4BSuH-vIUi-WIidTOEyqXTv/s3456/P1130268.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3400" data-original-width="3456" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO4L5g4uAstXB_Fxa8RVC1gFZ7JMK98MQzFcO3BZgIVVNHTEKg9YlSe5wn_uccCQ1EzMnv3SZUWM0ya90ygVbwb2c6k6DWGlWKaF2AFUFeoVpMYHn4vgXW7Korts4B3sDnKTwMPUO7F-QhLuBd7xXAfinmrEg5BinszreCa4BSuH-vIUi-WIidTOEyqXTv/w400-h394/P1130268.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the battlefield. In the lower middle of the photo are the landsknecht gun batteries. The upper middle of the photo shows the Duke of Bourbon and his landsknecht. Top right is the landsknecht camp and top left are the French and Genoese troops landed by Doria. The Spanish will arrive from the table edge on the right hand side.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>Charles, Duke of Bourbon, and the Imperialists</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Deployed in the landsknecht camp:</div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights - (Charles, Duke of Bourbon, retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights - (Bourbon's gentleman Richmond and his men)</div><div>2 Units of Landsknecht Pike</div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Arquebusiers</div><div>1 Culverin</div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Halberdiers</div><div><br /></div><div>Spanish Reinforcements that deploy later:</div><div><br /></div><div>2 Units of Spanish Arquebusiers</div><div>2 Units of Rodeleros</div><div>1 Unit of Spanish Pike</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Genoese and French Marines</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights - (The Neopolitan Baron and retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights</div><div>2 Units of Italian Arquebusiers</div><div>2 Units of Italian Infantry</div><div>2 Units of Italian Crossbowmen</div><div>2 Units of Halberdiers</div><div>1 Unit of Italian Pike</div><div><br /></div><div>Following the first game Stuart decided to stick with the French so I took command of Bourbon and his troops. A brief summary of the action follows and the photo captions give an idea of what went on.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs7iLNXJXOkc_B-eSH5NKGGqkYKmAN_eY90BX4cTAoU5b0k9UEUGG67tMmdJwVEYlnvL5hW2AFtmgxu-9ZIXAt4RFG4Jb3bvT3ftPStldYpLFoA7tk956QF2tzzopoTAs56kLwgwEZuKEHZSoQ12gkn9k1OyLae_Hf-Hfjd5m0iO2ncgTxr2olQrkmdE1D/s4184/P1130278.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4184" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs7iLNXJXOkc_B-eSH5NKGGqkYKmAN_eY90BX4cTAoU5b0k9UEUGG67tMmdJwVEYlnvL5hW2AFtmgxu-9ZIXAt4RFG4Jb3bvT3ftPStldYpLFoA7tk956QF2tzzopoTAs56kLwgwEZuKEHZSoQ12gkn9k1OyLae_Hf-Hfjd5m0iO2ncgTxr2olQrkmdE1D/w400-h330/P1130278.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Genoese carrack floats menacingly offshore as infantry deploy from the French and Genoese fleet.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jSDdjxRub5KJoo15aVvLhlgAEPRJvYDH7IxLpRHwSYaraJ0bVHLd9F2y1hVBUcvMlytPx8RRXEQam4f5RBqEMqctFmqlHSFcwBfz_aVxEhJKsGtTvkujqL56WNjS1inS7vHntYDABzVH4knhYG8Lv38QlaggZTb-O16cCNJQP1AVlr8foJ1LyUAaSO1n/s2936/P1130289.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2936" data-original-width="1852" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jSDdjxRub5KJoo15aVvLhlgAEPRJvYDH7IxLpRHwSYaraJ0bVHLd9F2y1hVBUcvMlytPx8RRXEQam4f5RBqEMqctFmqlHSFcwBfz_aVxEhJKsGtTvkujqL56WNjS1inS7vHntYDABzVH4knhYG8Lv38QlaggZTb-O16cCNJQP1AVlr8foJ1LyUAaSO1n/w253-h400/P1130289.JPG" width="253" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the French and Genoese disembark the landsknecht scramble in their camp to prepare for battle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuSZFDNDb3-j6xBpUDw4TJzjYc5ZU_TKAbh6QKfd-lxV3jXTDPjBdZsoX782CFOD9FEkKwmc5nwtdQ8J_qYPB_GxrzVOgFae4YPtfXd5l9hFsWuCmm1w3iCp8Dj_D3hplkl7TZLgcHVNeO_6G2X90q5VjUORtqOfRrctmwJHZuJJWZNNbQKCxGfZuWiKkb/s3164/P1130304.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3164" data-original-width="1612" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuSZFDNDb3-j6xBpUDw4TJzjYc5ZU_TKAbh6QKfd-lxV3jXTDPjBdZsoX782CFOD9FEkKwmc5nwtdQ8J_qYPB_GxrzVOgFae4YPtfXd5l9hFsWuCmm1w3iCp8Dj_D3hplkl7TZLgcHVNeO_6G2X90q5VjUORtqOfRrctmwJHZuJJWZNNbQKCxGfZuWiKkb/w204-h400/P1130304.JPG" width="204" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Genoese carrack provides artillery support for the surprise attack.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwt-mG13wgKBG6Uz2NlgKhzbiK5ROrBuaorDiPDGF6Rk7Fm1sl6jkPeETcbaiLMULje0OG8xG7NKC0Igk9bWdNc8z8nIpkDfWm2l__t1IzzhcSUDgB7IfG0-IfmCl8JbGWM4rh6PsNUeW-Javtx_juAu9koAROMxoi8xE5EeKeIb7LQ4IXhk3zwqMXOfON/s2088/P1130314.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2088" data-original-width="1812" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwt-mG13wgKBG6Uz2NlgKhzbiK5ROrBuaorDiPDGF6Rk7Fm1sl6jkPeETcbaiLMULje0OG8xG7NKC0Igk9bWdNc8z8nIpkDfWm2l__t1IzzhcSUDgB7IfG0-IfmCl8JbGWM4rh6PsNUeW-Javtx_juAu9koAROMxoi8xE5EeKeIb7LQ4IXhk3zwqMXOfON/w348-h400/P1130314.JPG" width="348" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Doria arms and Genoese cross of St George can be seen flying above the attacking troops.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpcJAwwtq_yPGZVQVlEzF50ZhP_3fON7fecjzHYrlHAXhjOZz0Dtyw4-YZDFK3OtCx7HZ3YF0Mt_QXXlzoikCO2fefWTvOOW99MQhwlc_olnTBf6FpPl5Rm3SOk88fYlG19UQdzl6o8SciVtAmXBNmvu7ncEsrYS9ZWT4Bjdzyfg7m9Abo2Qe36A0VBnjS/s4316/P1130317.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4316" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpcJAwwtq_yPGZVQVlEzF50ZhP_3fON7fecjzHYrlHAXhjOZz0Dtyw4-YZDFK3OtCx7HZ3YF0Mt_QXXlzoikCO2fefWTvOOW99MQhwlc_olnTBf6FpPl5Rm3SOk88fYlG19UQdzl6o8SciVtAmXBNmvu7ncEsrYS9ZWT4Bjdzyfg7m9Abo2Qe36A0VBnjS/w400-h320/P1130317.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the guns and earthworks defending Marseille. It will take a while for the Imperialists to break through all of the defences.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhekPw-UI863VIu9AoZ7h_fJtfcIka0EpmC66pmO_lzAFLbCcUO7RjBwXD121YphGd_Czuo_7RvnmdBiIBLidfLFRgJwpRRmVupzo53lElfZC7N5C4Yi2EXYU9CnjynYm9IJk-pM6WbKQgaSKp8e8OKNcPpES_wPF066-2HJmfAGa24SiguTxDJfHaXBvEJ/s4608/P1130320.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhekPw-UI863VIu9AoZ7h_fJtfcIka0EpmC66pmO_lzAFLbCcUO7RjBwXD121YphGd_Czuo_7RvnmdBiIBLidfLFRgJwpRRmVupzo53lElfZC7N5C4Yi2EXYU9CnjynYm9IJk-pM6WbKQgaSKp8e8OKNcPpES_wPF066-2HJmfAGa24SiguTxDJfHaXBvEJ/w400-h300/P1130320.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Duke of Bourbon and his officers quickly attempt to organise themselves as the naval attack is launched.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiog4vOhTY44YQPvQ4gqtThYXijMgJ2NVqrmf3NIWNCw4uqXDkkFJLe4NbiJ_O40e8JF1e-kNM__54fspTfatRwMZ8k0tQittrf7EuzVte0gbbL9Rlf7z5r9OxcGKeTfPqCBoAqAlL63yaAYjVOylKrVF0IOpWVZopt8UMFzcqQo_fgPjNyjQpvDbcYpyI0/s1920/P1130326.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiog4vOhTY44YQPvQ4gqtThYXijMgJ2NVqrmf3NIWNCw4uqXDkkFJLe4NbiJ_O40e8JF1e-kNM__54fspTfatRwMZ8k0tQittrf7EuzVte0gbbL9Rlf7z5r9OxcGKeTfPqCBoAqAlL63yaAYjVOylKrVF0IOpWVZopt8UMFzcqQo_fgPjNyjQpvDbcYpyI0/w400-h300/P1130326.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Savage fighting breaks out on the beaches outside Marseille as the Imperialist landsknecht clash with the troops landed by Doria.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL2MmAcRmpKj7OzfgTLSSCw7jyO7BTwV9a3OlDC9SjABGkqsiCRWNs8p3yDN9R4Bwfrg-o-bIar6ix_6A-rPXaqKqsyeAf6W6M9mYsvMsCcWSE48LcCbgFQtF1AaeZEkdnII7iBt7Ksk3UsRoyWs6rmcrwGxpdkmgWakXtBA0_5OdTLTa0QzFyUZmFXVtB/s1920/P1130327.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL2MmAcRmpKj7OzfgTLSSCw7jyO7BTwV9a3OlDC9SjABGkqsiCRWNs8p3yDN9R4Bwfrg-o-bIar6ix_6A-rPXaqKqsyeAf6W6M9mYsvMsCcWSE48LcCbgFQtF1AaeZEkdnII7iBt7Ksk3UsRoyWs6rmcrwGxpdkmgWakXtBA0_5OdTLTa0QzFyUZmFXVtB/w400-h300/P1130327.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landsknecht are driven back as more and more troops disembark from the row boats.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />As the Genoese and French troops came ashore they sent a hail of arquebus shot and crossbow bolts into Bourbon's panicked landsknecht. The galleys and carracks sailing close to the shore fired into the camp causing further deaths amongst the German mercenaries. Bourbon rallied his men and the landsknecht pike blocks charged into the French and Genoese attempting to drive them back into the Mediterranean. Whilst casualties were suffered on both sides it was not long before the landed French and Genoese troops prevailed and the landsknecht pike broke.<br /><br />The landsknecht halberdiers and arquebusiers also attempted to halt the attack. A culverin, yet to be placed in the gun batteries against the walls, was brought into play by Bourbon but it could not match the fire power of the guns of the French fleet. With his forces rapidly melting away it looked as though Bourbon was going to have to enter the fray himself in order to defend the siege guns.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfHWyBrgEojQagJRQbK0oqDPWQMpJqDkBtK6uryqpWNe1qhRz1vYws8PCFq6cxPSeTbFe6QyILMw4d6qnBvvWyZfWSWaTR-5YB7hDxogUD0FJcg680X1_sf3axbdcJFU0dbPo3OsVNsfyaOeRcSwN_BQ_oG4S7pTlxKLzVTCXy46Z7J7V1rRQqGKHJrhjr/s1920/P1130338.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1396" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfHWyBrgEojQagJRQbK0oqDPWQMpJqDkBtK6uryqpWNe1qhRz1vYws8PCFq6cxPSeTbFe6QyILMw4d6qnBvvWyZfWSWaTR-5YB7hDxogUD0FJcg680X1_sf3axbdcJFU0dbPo3OsVNsfyaOeRcSwN_BQ_oG4S7pTlxKLzVTCXy46Z7J7V1rRQqGKHJrhjr/w291-h400/P1130338.jpg" width="291" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Genoese and French troops pour into the landsknecht camp.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK-B3H2q0Jvvyk5bkziEoEaOuWvMTWven-q2UtBXrapwlOP6DkMMWWNteqWC9qbmKF_UbwQm5M0_S7yNrX5QuNfUhb_3VcJuKgmVFGDc-AysiZXn2gNdVg-oQgktK6mT5mrM2kovPERQmQYwRaGsS6KOwNngXP_wxdRE_UI9HDXgLJ-EwPsjnPkJuiGFgg/s1920/P1130339%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK-B3H2q0Jvvyk5bkziEoEaOuWvMTWven-q2UtBXrapwlOP6DkMMWWNteqWC9qbmKF_UbwQm5M0_S7yNrX5QuNfUhb_3VcJuKgmVFGDc-AysiZXn2gNdVg-oQgktK6mT5mrM2kovPERQmQYwRaGsS6KOwNngXP_wxdRE_UI9HDXgLJ-EwPsjnPkJuiGFgg/w400-h300/P1130339%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the battle as Bourbon's landsknecht are caught off guard and pushed back.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlIzmqaFxKWTAGwp_UXFKPBDfBllfWIa0ckoZrwzaQjY6vz0rEVQgROW5d0sGRODd2hS5uVBhOWbmEm_YTiEiHnG5VHDty1nftiq7QFLk-fanQO4aEtKI7zadK9T6tcsKENTSaXrqWwGPfa8xAh6J3wTTFRPXPXCM1Vdo8OKZC5wUyMgc0spJehK_JPItS/s2560/P1130344.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="1920" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlIzmqaFxKWTAGwp_UXFKPBDfBllfWIa0ckoZrwzaQjY6vz0rEVQgROW5d0sGRODd2hS5uVBhOWbmEm_YTiEiHnG5VHDty1nftiq7QFLk-fanQO4aEtKI7zadK9T6tcsKENTSaXrqWwGPfa8xAh6J3wTTFRPXPXCM1Vdo8OKZC5wUyMgc0spJehK_JPItS/w300-h400/P1130344.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the top of the photo Bourbon and his landsknecht are being pushed back to their own gun battery. They are caught between the attackers and the imposing defences of the city. Marseille's walls are defended by a ditch and substantial earthworks. French gun batteries provide effective counterfire against the attacking guns.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib4UVhyn37dzaA95UtM7LKcrflQ6A5kPm27NsKq0Oi3GBOjvt1sbl8POOVFRv_beAeErvtBzKuMNyvlyWAzYFjgz1vQY6hlZwpLP8JhprGBO5ET3d5NARy7-62lac-mEsOeEA90d_EAAEeZBaBRIr0m25_ig2jZgN4k7dSsXFgp0uafyYTZqo9T4YvIyU3/s2424/P1130345%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2424" data-original-width="1920" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib4UVhyn37dzaA95UtM7LKcrflQ6A5kPm27NsKq0Oi3GBOjvt1sbl8POOVFRv_beAeErvtBzKuMNyvlyWAzYFjgz1vQY6hlZwpLP8JhprGBO5ET3d5NARy7-62lac-mEsOeEA90d_EAAEeZBaBRIr0m25_ig2jZgN4k7dSsXFgp0uafyYTZqo9T4YvIyU3/w316-h400/P1130345%20(2).jpg" width="316" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the battle from above. Bourbon and his landsknecht pike blocks are being driven back.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSZr0L9_2uyYkVjhYGTXTg8iy5zO3bX5PSa_85QxMS80p1g-UaehlaxIauBkuBpotlpUK3gZhqdes5F653__55zFz4s9KY7voDNB_fKXKlEA__ePWqJG152e8d-wbgBCnSVraoUUuw-jsKpa2DlswQd6CrUzWN2oJ0PduBGLJJEFFDYBYsDfEcTV83L1Ye/s1920/P1130345%20(3).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSZr0L9_2uyYkVjhYGTXTg8iy5zO3bX5PSa_85QxMS80p1g-UaehlaxIauBkuBpotlpUK3gZhqdes5F653__55zFz4s9KY7voDNB_fKXKlEA__ePWqJG152e8d-wbgBCnSVraoUUuw-jsKpa2DlswQd6CrUzWN2oJ0PduBGLJJEFFDYBYsDfEcTV83L1Ye/w300-h400/P1130345%20(3).jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of some of the French gunners on the walls of Marseille.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1o4OMygHwDPVOlZRf0z2P2xYXZCT98-s5M6cG8tsTfmXSQ24cC6jfMqugKDtmHBk1ule5o1W8G77Am951HAehmvE1qzDnj_fNXmKGdf9KX_ptV-0BYkcdYL2rsFqrne5OAyNIUKFoIJaa9AvHQboLurQWCpvEII85b9_V1_Ke58_1-19wyurJJmfBgfRz/s3168/P1130354.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3168" data-original-width="1812" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1o4OMygHwDPVOlZRf0z2P2xYXZCT98-s5M6cG8tsTfmXSQ24cC6jfMqugKDtmHBk1ule5o1W8G77Am951HAehmvE1qzDnj_fNXmKGdf9KX_ptV-0BYkcdYL2rsFqrne5OAyNIUKFoIJaa9AvHQboLurQWCpvEII85b9_V1_Ke58_1-19wyurJJmfBgfRz/w229-h400/P1130354.JPG" width="229" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The battle is in full swing.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVKI2cHuh_I78dqtoBwIn_sku-MRKMNmXarAoBgZZMkcSrka8L4IWpbBucV-TwDMUestrqo_cfHbY0IlCtdi2T7ko0ns1rWl1o7fzF2eqEypubbrY_Fkl2rRkFBqsOTL4KNbGeS7gaCzanhJlEc-JYHAtUkdwjY_Dhy4milufUkWDz1GzbEQRTqnjeQ4b3/s3456/P1130363.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="2312" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVKI2cHuh_I78dqtoBwIn_sku-MRKMNmXarAoBgZZMkcSrka8L4IWpbBucV-TwDMUestrqo_cfHbY0IlCtdi2T7ko0ns1rWl1o7fzF2eqEypubbrY_Fkl2rRkFBqsOTL4KNbGeS7gaCzanhJlEc-JYHAtUkdwjY_Dhy4milufUkWDz1GzbEQRTqnjeQ4b3/w268-h400/P1130363.JPG" width="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landsknecht are putting up a valiant defence...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQW0CQg7P5GFwiYK4NPkXSh0nHJdAO-lWThipi1tE-BiRXTFgkqlw60Y3m5ZMBGqs3HP7tOiIIFE3Sj-nhIsQLsEYk7EwRflvRFZNUPXzgw_GBGHJzF2hum3SWw5fS1-2eiSpJBK0AqHmLjHSYMx-lwU3IdbuEPh6KV70PCHWVk85iWbSeCHuDrbL2sNb8/s3456/P1130366.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="2796" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQW0CQg7P5GFwiYK4NPkXSh0nHJdAO-lWThipi1tE-BiRXTFgkqlw60Y3m5ZMBGqs3HP7tOiIIFE3Sj-nhIsQLsEYk7EwRflvRFZNUPXzgw_GBGHJzF2hum3SWw5fS1-2eiSpJBK0AqHmLjHSYMx-lwU3IdbuEPh6KV70PCHWVk85iWbSeCHuDrbL2sNb8/w324-h400/P1130366.JPG" width="324" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but are being overwhelmed and driven back.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhklmMybF2Nr7B84g20fhaYBqz4KVuf9YjQ9LvdIkhqpprmaC1sozGZCWuTmh2_sxYIfUEHRlS_4U9IM3bx3owybtBokiagNmhTJ5dnicCxN_0s5nJ6ExMxN3SzVjTLiK8VVqe8hJLraXeCzg_IMvakNKVwIPs4eCgJv6egTnGxTTodeX5efbdYlHdAk1-e/s2488/P1130373%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2488" data-original-width="1920" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhklmMybF2Nr7B84g20fhaYBqz4KVuf9YjQ9LvdIkhqpprmaC1sozGZCWuTmh2_sxYIfUEHRlS_4U9IM3bx3owybtBokiagNmhTJ5dnicCxN_0s5nJ6ExMxN3SzVjTLiK8VVqe8hJLraXeCzg_IMvakNKVwIPs4eCgJv6egTnGxTTodeX5efbdYlHdAk1-e/w309-h400/P1130373%20(2).jpg" width="309" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bourbon's landsknecht pike blocks break leaving himself and the gun positions dangerously exposed to the attacking French and Genoese.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmokUOGuWfLm7HScZrxyFav96ys8VesOG-GElYqnO-8ejQkY5PSDfBz9pq0iNlLDa33HEU8hMT7GCd0H0C4LmU-VtpPXHctix_hVlugLeI3xaoQpvq1UC-CmfgufCrqPvg7usAfAn1lFN8hmqKKVwX821urVtRyY5H3X5gHBNfhJ4hcq629EOGxJCqaMRA/s3140/P1130386.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3056" data-original-width="3140" height="389" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmokUOGuWfLm7HScZrxyFav96ys8VesOG-GElYqnO-8ejQkY5PSDfBz9pq0iNlLDa33HEU8hMT7GCd0H0C4LmU-VtpPXHctix_hVlugLeI3xaoQpvq1UC-CmfgufCrqPvg7usAfAn1lFN8hmqKKVwX821urVtRyY5H3X5gHBNfhJ4hcq629EOGxJCqaMRA/w400-h389/P1130386.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The artillerymen manning the guns begin to realise they are in peril.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR8lLc8StAEysW_HDdpNYUed1EBtWtlbmE6-YuCB7dg8M1PwxePvjLdzdGAXGhpTt0gPH5nym9UTGmqr8bF7-aGl8rYILodeI7jcQXJpfGU7Vi-JdI1MNWS5WQbio4dHi5KWapAkfWFxHT_EUf3039bqveQFwbTlO9IgJ5AXb83U2GxIsNo-4QnwdlX3jW/s2840/P1130397.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2840" data-original-width="2076" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR8lLc8StAEysW_HDdpNYUed1EBtWtlbmE6-YuCB7dg8M1PwxePvjLdzdGAXGhpTt0gPH5nym9UTGmqr8bF7-aGl8rYILodeI7jcQXJpfGU7Vi-JdI1MNWS5WQbio4dHi5KWapAkfWFxHT_EUf3039bqveQFwbTlO9IgJ5AXb83U2GxIsNo-4QnwdlX3jW/w293-h400/P1130397.JPG" width="293" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landsknecht arquebusiers and halberdiers flee as the disembarked troops bear down on them.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />As the rest of the landsknecht broke the troops from the French and Genoese fleet surged forward. They had reached the first of the gun positions and were going to destroy it when they heard a cheer go up from the siege lines. To the dismay of the French and Genoese reinforcements had arrived from the Spanish camp. Some of the landed troops had remained at the beach to ensure they were not cut off from the landing boats. As the Spanish arrived the attacking French and Genoese returned to these troops and the row boats to make good their escape. They had been moments away from over running the new gun positions and possibly taking Bourbon himself but the timely arrival of the Spanish had saved the landsknecht camp. </div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPemJSpfnba2izUS04CWb4-xG5XElnJtfd75EUPNHeDyOoaFvt_hWEuM5HTXpXMKBUMg-hkD92YJChx6dZhZnbcz2tRyizwNTosquUJWqFKP08S9ePCTPxshFLmJP_DYYKkd-jimQR3TF-qjKDXlCujrFbRg9kr6sVc-i0vt2UEegSP5JU3eqUZrJdxD_b/s3300/P1130401%20(2).JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3300" data-original-width="2488" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPemJSpfnba2izUS04CWb4-xG5XElnJtfd75EUPNHeDyOoaFvt_hWEuM5HTXpXMKBUMg-hkD92YJChx6dZhZnbcz2tRyizwNTosquUJWqFKP08S9ePCTPxshFLmJP_DYYKkd-jimQR3TF-qjKDXlCujrFbRg9kr6sVc-i0vt2UEegSP5JU3eqUZrJdxD_b/w301-h400/P1130401%20(2).JPG" width="301" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Being alerted of the disturbance Spanish infantry from the Spanish camp finally arrive on the scene.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Kf9oYasH-nLPwIhA89_OSdJ61csObY9o2cTsJ3AL2ksL_OrkcrVYEd2JmOqlf36IO28KilqPqnRNkLCnjzOlc3a53q3BfwYzf0UED5MArnC3WeOS8hAEVbwrcvGIb23mXq0T8uyVb6q32YxiIQnlszl0gaLcBibww-VzY7CC4qWWISgUfU-fd3kGNt1r/s4608/P1130405.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3232" data-original-width="4608" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Kf9oYasH-nLPwIhA89_OSdJ61csObY9o2cTsJ3AL2ksL_OrkcrVYEd2JmOqlf36IO28KilqPqnRNkLCnjzOlc3a53q3BfwYzf0UED5MArnC3WeOS8hAEVbwrcvGIb23mXq0T8uyVb6q32YxiIQnlszl0gaLcBibww-VzY7CC4qWWISgUfU-fd3kGNt1r/w400-h280/P1130405.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bourbon was attempting to escape the onslaught and is now reinforced by Spanish rodeleros, arquebusiers and pike.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhITsOdytkAu_5Dt7xLsmoXPOpXFr1GCNbSmbu74f1ud4Uw43ATyLtEo05NRzZITY5g_UcFuCfZXPI88cVnLbE874ZYYEg1-g-wbTIYYSUxPRYKGSfhVHmrbIdDKi8CBkjDw0xIE6ujAEqHFqBGTOBtvpRwOULsWd00N0vSJzo2CmKHC20j1AZlASv0llaK/s4608/P1130415.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3300" data-original-width="4608" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhITsOdytkAu_5Dt7xLsmoXPOpXFr1GCNbSmbu74f1ud4Uw43ATyLtEo05NRzZITY5g_UcFuCfZXPI88cVnLbE874ZYYEg1-g-wbTIYYSUxPRYKGSfhVHmrbIdDKi8CBkjDw0xIE6ujAEqHFqBGTOBtvpRwOULsWd00N0vSJzo2CmKHC20j1AZlASv0llaK/w400-h286/P1130415.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landed French and Genoese have reached one of the gun bastions and are attempting to spike and destroy the Imperial guns...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJzMMlFkxMUFVkidL1CM5h7S3WSvNVNRU6feu4rcCutxlQNnZ6SIpdVq9EXxa9IdRDtgwzQhY6HcCxcrWR-W2qOkMUrrPMgCIR-uSuiZ3HLOTYj8WAyWKXrDFeqfsDahQqdnhP3QrYkLSaHDZ_IwtoPMnjOHa3r5lgfp_xuEavpuUblXm-4kpuLeycYS3S/s4464/P1130460.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4464" data-original-width="3340" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJzMMlFkxMUFVkidL1CM5h7S3WSvNVNRU6feu4rcCutxlQNnZ6SIpdVq9EXxa9IdRDtgwzQhY6HcCxcrWR-W2qOkMUrrPMgCIR-uSuiZ3HLOTYj8WAyWKXrDFeqfsDahQqdnhP3QrYkLSaHDZ_IwtoPMnjOHa3r5lgfp_xuEavpuUblXm-4kpuLeycYS3S/w299-h400/P1130460.JPG" width="299" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but as the Spanish reinforcements arrive the French and Genoese sound the retreat and begin to return to the fleet.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> These were two great games and it was a lot of fun to play through them. We did have a laugh over the way the French ambush totally fell apart in the first game. Stuart constantly failed activation rolls which meant the landsknecht could get more and more stuff over the river to safety, especially as Gourville and Chastelet had been brought onto the field at the same time and consequently attacked each other immediately! The second game was much closer as Bourbon's landsknecht were sent reeling back by the oncoming French and Genoese. The naval support rule was fun with shots flying into the Imperial forces every turn. It was only the timely arrival of all the Spanish in a single turn that saved Bourbon from defeat.<p></p></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-90483178623739643052023-07-12T12:15:00.000-07:002023-07-12T12:15:27.264-07:00Landsknecht Looters and Camp Followers<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCLvcSCXOZ79q0C9gpGWxxU6e_1Rym6arTsnOhwwoT2xVoynUZZ22x7PkwqMvaXiSX0_eMbgvcUFYow3V28SV6sz7HYWWrPcs4htqP8gpI2f1PJuio1EYc2WZENPeyFyXAHkcAF6MJAtxFWY683XXRenrfP1bMO0ceZSz8M8uH-5mu4r91550N-E0VDvjd/s3608/1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2180" data-original-width="3608" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCLvcSCXOZ79q0C9gpGWxxU6e_1Rym6arTsnOhwwoT2xVoynUZZ22x7PkwqMvaXiSX0_eMbgvcUFYow3V28SV6sz7HYWWrPcs4htqP8gpI2f1PJuio1EYc2WZENPeyFyXAHkcAF6MJAtxFWY683XXRenrfP1bMO0ceZSz8M8uH-5mu4r91550N-E0VDvjd/w400-h241/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br />Todays post is of some landsknecht looters and camp followers for a couple of upcoming games. Some were painted years ago but I never got around to rebasing them and the others were unfortunate enough to have joined my pile of unpainted figures for many years. Whilst I'm normally pretty good at painting figures as I buy them it is inevitable that some get left by the wayside, especially when they aren't for specific units. Four of the looting figures in the first three pictures are from Artizan Designs whilst all of the others were originally Pro Gloria and are now sold by Warlord Games. <br /><br />They are really great figures and will certainly help to add some flavour to the table top. Whilst famed for their discipline on the battlefield the landsknecht were also infamous for their ill discipline off the field and I think these sculpts illustrate that well!<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9r8ahXjlTrnV5ZQNZS0uBTv7wYhQxmrZ_GyNBItuu5js0Dd7kvq14n3AqksX4WYgzXXc1pjzjFxI9b0MZO611ORh6I2mq6e4NrXvnIEhzpcU_cggWsws4uojoN6-af6MenlQHwsgB4HUTcHKxElxq3SD5GrUUKxe4a54yhfAHQDwb3CavtrWwes3OR4VH/s4016/P1120944.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2792" data-original-width="4016" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9r8ahXjlTrnV5ZQNZS0uBTv7wYhQxmrZ_GyNBItuu5js0Dd7kvq14n3AqksX4WYgzXXc1pjzjFxI9b0MZO611ORh6I2mq6e4NrXvnIEhzpcU_cggWsws4uojoN6-af6MenlQHwsgB4HUTcHKxElxq3SD5GrUUKxe4a54yhfAHQDwb3CavtrWwes3OR4VH/w400-h278/P1120944.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landsknecht looters raiding.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQni2yYArifaZAN-A7_KnKJZk1YoTazvXJqD1BrLJOmdQcDFWUvtPZzIwamv0tZb6ucJDbVFT09oOVnot_SQL_c3AKAHsMsgZmg2_M8N4KmpYkfhArX5FUhMlbzgtsd_mqFry_UsO8KAYc9rLjjq5OMembUcHMW_40OWqKPV6z--5W2CLJWhegr2nnGhPP/s2864/P1120956.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1744" data-original-width="2864" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQni2yYArifaZAN-A7_KnKJZk1YoTazvXJqD1BrLJOmdQcDFWUvtPZzIwamv0tZb6ucJDbVFT09oOVnot_SQL_c3AKAHsMsgZmg2_M8N4KmpYkfhArX5FUhMlbzgtsd_mqFry_UsO8KAYc9rLjjq5OMembUcHMW_40OWqKPV6z--5W2CLJWhegr2nnGhPP/w400-h244/P1120956.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landsknecht looters in 28mm. The figures are by Warlord Games and Artizan Designs.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXsnn8-BFppzcIB9E82tlY8IT0KXNtIxXTs4V4FEApxfg4DRjw3Cf-QvunTi_U58Vgn5Sut8i2VNELuhKNIFpc5RoQe77bWLp9nSqtwiqP4aSWUPohaEhwp7n__iCFgj_qVcf-33fKZ7NtvO0IwVXxa3ejwRkJi6gncWFifzfLIGGSdonnAbfFk8HZp3sD/s3288/P1120970.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2640" data-original-width="3288" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXsnn8-BFppzcIB9E82tlY8IT0KXNtIxXTs4V4FEApxfg4DRjw3Cf-QvunTi_U58Vgn5Sut8i2VNELuhKNIFpc5RoQe77bWLp9nSqtwiqP4aSWUPohaEhwp7n__iCFgj_qVcf-33fKZ7NtvO0IwVXxa3ejwRkJi6gncWFifzfLIGGSdonnAbfFk8HZp3sD/w400-h321/P1120970.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A landsknecht camp.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFre_0x0VER66U7TFenb4OgHcLkQSKeRoMmzR2iqAwiEg84QV29uq9Xnf2YyqlNu-2Ugih6vPHpoyMZS4tSqRmuXeDuA7vDsyESyqm3pBdqH6f8BdzYSNNrxxRV0P_I0E8WDArn3YExI9fH8NI0FW49C_ugKvw7h_5RvIKiYlujWWYTLOBpdMkn6x03BsL/s3876/P1120971.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2552" data-original-width="3876" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFre_0x0VER66U7TFenb4OgHcLkQSKeRoMmzR2iqAwiEg84QV29uq9Xnf2YyqlNu-2Ugih6vPHpoyMZS4tSqRmuXeDuA7vDsyESyqm3pBdqH6f8BdzYSNNrxxRV0P_I0E8WDArn3YExI9fH8NI0FW49C_ugKvw7h_5RvIKiYlujWWYTLOBpdMkn6x03BsL/w400-h264/P1120971.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landsknecht gather round a drum to watch a dice game. These figures are from a couple of different sets sold by Warlord Games.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsM32lR1xRdypDTWXLTxDZrTXQBFoyA0O_lfwfELFe5YSKHHdkPZQ1B7GGtDVG897OkRFbZQ2v0BDK6o47m762Vqz0RhRvETdu9UoUpINMNIiblseLUU-AsC45Z7WzoV90CbG6wO4G6voPn2KbLC8N69xjPC0Rzx7yVRewKGEybTBnFQ5DUS5ereI0-neU/s4036/P1120980.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3156" data-original-width="4036" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsM32lR1xRdypDTWXLTxDZrTXQBFoyA0O_lfwfELFe5YSKHHdkPZQ1B7GGtDVG897OkRFbZQ2v0BDK6o47m762Vqz0RhRvETdu9UoUpINMNIiblseLUU-AsC45Z7WzoV90CbG6wO4G6voPn2KbLC8N69xjPC0Rzx7yVRewKGEybTBnFQ5DUS5ereI0-neU/w400-h313/P1120980.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the landsknecht around the drum plays a fife whilst the others watch or take part in the dice game. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPf4zK8abd_QxhA90Ts8YnOf7km08d7O_7WXe08jhq9EDKhwdxydHHHdJxt1ULXNV3YRO8cYB7vRnGJphXf2NSdszF_N1XzWwYaBYVt_Nm0OZ7IgmjqAfYs48YEzYI0kbyrL6G_7Lc9Fu_URRBE9v4PZFq2A8xExuxNHeQOL0_wr-tpMRIYXJfTnyHza_9/s3620/P1120986.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2456" data-original-width="3620" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPf4zK8abd_QxhA90Ts8YnOf7km08d7O_7WXe08jhq9EDKhwdxydHHHdJxt1ULXNV3YRO8cYB7vRnGJphXf2NSdszF_N1XzWwYaBYVt_Nm0OZ7IgmjqAfYs48YEzYI0kbyrL6G_7Lc9Fu_URRBE9v4PZFq2A8xExuxNHeQOL0_wr-tpMRIYXJfTnyHza_9/w400-h271/P1120986.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A landsknecht puts on his doublet whilst another collects firewood.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-27047694817009527382023-07-01T00:43:00.000-07:002023-07-01T00:44:02.030-07:00An early 16th Century Warship?<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi55MQUqwwTguZVkArE8OUiruKYsiSvLPX1ZcVX5pTJVW9h7OzW_ooMJan6hkMXiJ1a9BbCv7j-w3Svf_ks9s6JOuFpXKbE6xlCo075Op3Yn9V1__ex4dZEnI4qVWKRBb4rALyu-eT_T03lBXdayS6ZrESyTddmYNYD0PWLBdgxvET5iaIYJZ_dZb9xgA/s3776/1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2576" data-original-width="3776" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi55MQUqwwTguZVkArE8OUiruKYsiSvLPX1ZcVX5pTJVW9h7OzW_ooMJan6hkMXiJ1a9BbCv7j-w3Svf_ks9s6JOuFpXKbE6xlCo075Op3Yn9V1__ex4dZEnI4qVWKRBb4rALyu-eT_T03lBXdayS6ZrESyTddmYNYD0PWLBdgxvET5iaIYJZ_dZb9xgA/w400-h272/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">After working on the merchant ship earlier this year (see <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/01/a-merchant-ship.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/01/a-merchant-ship.html</a>) the temptation to find an early 16th century ship better equipped for war has proven too great! Whilst various later medieval boats are available there aren't really many suitable for the first half of the 1500s. Searching the internet led me to this 3D print file, which was only $7.50, <a href="https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-print-models/miniatures/architecture/merchant-ship-tabletop-terrain-28-mm">https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-print-models/miniatures/architecture/merchant-ship-tabletop-terrain-28-mm</a> and I thought it was worth picking up just in case I could find someone that could print it. I contacted a few companies but they were daunted by the sheer size of the model. Through a mutual friend I was then introduced to a local chap named Ben who was keen to test the abilities of his newly constructed 3D printer, I just needed to pay for the cost of the materials.</div><br />Ben did a fantastic job, managing to print the ship in chunks that would fit the printer and could then be assembled as if much of it had been printed as one piece. If you look at the images on the link to the file above you will see that the original model has sails. I didn't really want the sails to be replicated on this vessel. Ben cleverly removed these in the printing process so the booms or spars (I am not great on nautical terminology!) then just had to be cleaned up so my own furled sails could be attached using the same method as for the previous ship.<br /><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE7cONO47SOIbsFqcaq3E2VNdFFxJBBOTysR-Ho97KucYd1vjwYxr46PybibHcy5he6qlCSSvB3nd1-5Z9EGXRUzXgHrYFRmnYRhg8M457w_3Hq_Uwn3tnmLorTf6ty_CIdqpsjDQEzJlZ-u01psFU0WpdQzIhDB6Dvmu77ndYNEQBQkZaPMyLYr6biA/s1300/Mary%20Rose%20Anthony%20Roll%201540s.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="814" data-original-width="1300" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE7cONO47SOIbsFqcaq3E2VNdFFxJBBOTysR-Ho97KucYd1vjwYxr46PybibHcy5he6qlCSSvB3nd1-5Z9EGXRUzXgHrYFRmnYRhg8M457w_3Hq_Uwn3tnmLorTf6ty_CIdqpsjDQEzJlZ-u01psFU0WpdQzIhDB6Dvmu77ndYNEQBQkZaPMyLYr6biA/w400-h250/Mary%20Rose%20Anthony%20Roll%201540s.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Mary Rose from the Anthony Roll of the 1540s. The model ship does not have exactly the same shape but it is not far off.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiolrwsYUoBVuhY8-HacGbAk6IcHT6mHAaZjfwkX5OSqd5sFFefVwAxTYXxs-mYNHRXh2Q2YKpz4PTDXFqBNA6yrMrIlwi6nbjnlHtwGx-crZmFR1znkeTRiCfNo8l43kxD6_HkznW6iL5-8FusgaKX7J9_BsnLEELG5q3SvUN5HqtLLDmQlMKw-mjSaA/s2250/Embarkation%20of%20Henry%20VIII%20at%20Dover%20-%20painting%20depicting%20Henry's%20embarkation%20to%20meet%20Francis%20I%20at%20the%20field%20of%20the%20Cloth%20of%20Gold%20in%201520.%20Dated%20from%201520%20to%201540.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1091" data-original-width="2250" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiolrwsYUoBVuhY8-HacGbAk6IcHT6mHAaZjfwkX5OSqd5sFFefVwAxTYXxs-mYNHRXh2Q2YKpz4PTDXFqBNA6yrMrIlwi6nbjnlHtwGx-crZmFR1znkeTRiCfNo8l43kxD6_HkznW6iL5-8FusgaKX7J9_BsnLEELG5q3SvUN5HqtLLDmQlMKw-mjSaA/w400-h194/Embarkation%20of%20Henry%20VIII%20at%20Dover%20-%20painting%20depicting%20Henry's%20embarkation%20to%20meet%20Francis%20I%20at%20the%20field%20of%20the%20Cloth%20of%20Gold%20in%201520.%20Dated%20from%201520%20to%201540.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Embarkation of Henry VIII at Dover - The painting depicts Henry's embarkation to sail from Dover to Calais in 1520, in order to meet Francis I at the Field of the Cloth of Gold. It is dated from 1520 to 1540.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Ps-H9BafvIz5w_3IzASNHExwrWkHoAepw0hFaBIJ9_YNd97bw-rQDh337eKdGRmcQd6Ip7r7bpho_kWXdnuRSsmQ7Cx3rXHiQzKy8ENGTuXKMYl3OOh9w86qQKVZoHhkGF0Yzi0IxXiZbzCbiGqNUlL2AWx8j4lk-2Q2GGkAq0olZhm_aMqJ_CjHVQ/s1656/235271-15438322662.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1656" data-original-width="1656" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Ps-H9BafvIz5w_3IzASNHExwrWkHoAepw0hFaBIJ9_YNd97bw-rQDh337eKdGRmcQd6Ip7r7bpho_kWXdnuRSsmQ7Cx3rXHiQzKy8ENGTuXKMYl3OOh9w86qQKVZoHhkGF0Yzi0IxXiZbzCbiGqNUlL2AWx8j4lk-2Q2GGkAq0olZhm_aMqJ_CjHVQ/w400-h400/235271-15438322662.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail from the Embarkation of Henry VIII shown in full above. Note the shields that line the ship as well as those surrounding the crow's nests. I have tried to replicate this on the model ship.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3JbAgFRvmxVNpAq-uHTEZUcSylbKYM0EToW9l7cbIXegKfqT_cgKK2Ow1yHthRt-mEb68r1Vy0KWorzgr054mWsWThc8dN0SvNecEuSiV0iTnQOO8TErSCRz7GkU9QjtNRwt_yoCUfGVSG1rlS2pNza5rIjyny3qqnTspNB5_QmFshoGN-CaMnohRVQ/s1162/Battle_of_Zonchio_1499.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="817" data-original-width="1162" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3JbAgFRvmxVNpAq-uHTEZUcSylbKYM0EToW9l7cbIXegKfqT_cgKK2Ow1yHthRt-mEb68r1Vy0KWorzgr054mWsWThc8dN0SvNecEuSiV0iTnQOO8TErSCRz7GkU9QjtNRwt_yoCUfGVSG1rlS2pNza5rIjyny3qqnTspNB5_QmFshoGN-CaMnohRVQ/w400-h281/Battle_of_Zonchio_1499.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carracks clashing in a depiction of the Battle of Zonchio between the Venetians and Ottomans in 1499. As with the above image note all the shields that line the ships.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The shape of this 3D ship matches contemporary images of early 1500s carracks fairly closely (see the images above). There a some odd things about the model. I have no idea why a rudder is not modelled on, but could always add something for this later. The lower gun ports did not have hatches so I made a mould with siligum using a hatch from the smaller model ship and over a couple of weeks made all the hatches from green stuff. The same method was also used to replace the windows of the aftcastle with further gun ports. For more detailed 3D printing Fire Storm games were really helpful and printed out loads of swivel guns from this set <a href="https://cults3d.com/en/3d-model/game/european-light-artillery-pack">https://cults3d.com/en/3d-model/game/european-light-artillery-pack</a>. These were then used on the side of the boat and also for some of the barrels poking out of the upper decks.<br /><br />The ship is meant to represent a large merchant vessel that has been prepared for war. The gun ports are one way this is represented whilst the addition of the shields or pavises is the other. Have a look at all of the images above and it is clear that these ships were covered in these pavises when going to war. The detail from the "<span style="text-align: center;">Embarkation of Henry VIII at Dover" clearly shows them all along the decks and surrounding the crow's nests as well. I was torn when it came to these shields as the ship would've looked spectacular if they had all been in Tudor colours, with roses, St Georges crosses and portcullis adorning them. This would have limited the use of the ship on the gaming table though. The flags on the top are interchangeable so with a simple swap it can become a Scots, French or Venetian vessel. For this reason I went with the simple red and white colour scheme. Initially it was painted in red, yellow and white but when it started to look like a "McDonalds" ship this was quickly changed!<br /></span><br />The other reason for simply painting the pavises in red and white is that there are 93 of them. Most are plastic ones from lots of sprues of Perry medieval plastics but some metal ones were needed to make up the numbers. In total there are 36 guns, 14 of which are heavier cannons, the other 22 being lighter guns or swivel guns. For the crew in the photos below it is filled with 1540s Assault Group and Petes Flag miniatures. These will be based up later for units in my collection. I am keen to paint up some more suitable crew figures but whilst there are crew models for the Elizabethan period I am not sure of any particularly good ones for the earlier part of the century. Maybe renaissance gun crews would be a good place to look for suitable figures?<br /><br />As with the first merchant ship this will be useful for lots of scenarios and naval landings, anything from James IV subduing the islemen and highlanders on the Scottish west coast through to the Venetians landing troops to attack Ottoman positions in the Mediterranean. Below are lots of photos of the ship and the troops on deck. Of course now I have this miniature a big refight of Pinkie is definitely going to have to happen!<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWon-Jt75_qykMQeV_GsJrIl5zhHem36ZsNEjBDxmTa6iTyPiAgATJphWEiMvYQ_XnekoUuMaMC18CbH97wVWUzzMyW6DJda2BZjBQdtxeEXntXWsNYG-KN9fogWcrg-9Cd5rMO6CDSKbArMeogR1wxV928Ii_-3LxQliJwXIdYW2CV_M6OoYLYqA_ww/s3152/P1120759.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3152" data-original-width="3116" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWon-Jt75_qykMQeV_GsJrIl5zhHem36ZsNEjBDxmTa6iTyPiAgATJphWEiMvYQ_XnekoUuMaMC18CbH97wVWUzzMyW6DJda2BZjBQdtxeEXntXWsNYG-KN9fogWcrg-9Cd5rMO6CDSKbArMeogR1wxV928Ii_-3LxQliJwXIdYW2CV_M6OoYLYqA_ww/w395-h400/P1120759.JPG" width="395" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Tudor Warship.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ4eR9iX-3g7J0GEOi66YsEK52f0iQgrSrezsISxNuAQeL8vBER1LL7rtsQeJ9HmoAZKFVET4nGJxLDyB8x6MKb6kjje3LU5VxNBQE2M5NLZsOG53duWIjLUKiRtxts4G8ZzudNfchEqixA9IlnWsBZsRHzaGkZRW5_H0Hp0ywqj6tkx7PoInzr4Mghg/s3672/P1120760.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3104" data-original-width="3672" height="339" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ4eR9iX-3g7J0GEOi66YsEK52f0iQgrSrezsISxNuAQeL8vBER1LL7rtsQeJ9HmoAZKFVET4nGJxLDyB8x6MKb6kjje3LU5VxNBQE2M5NLZsOG53duWIjLUKiRtxts4G8ZzudNfchEqixA9IlnWsBZsRHzaGkZRW5_H0Hp0ywqj6tkx7PoInzr4Mghg/w400-h339/P1120760.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Note quite the Mary Rose in 28mm but it's not too far off!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOC9ePfWe7FhCbkncNG-8osFI7Gx0VlB-QZ6KDD1fYN-XKczEewtT1PnMkyPFlpYcAIKn71tM5TfjkLHqiAJ3y60B-rC2rl6jlnGro6TT9EzZRPPFrKsc-8nCoCUVhMOy4PvcoAfyHL1yO8el9tbdnivT_2SQd4-PMyhUcZbDXiidmK7BzVFqKmm86yw/s4423/P1120771.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2823" data-original-width="4423" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOC9ePfWe7FhCbkncNG-8osFI7Gx0VlB-QZ6KDD1fYN-XKczEewtT1PnMkyPFlpYcAIKn71tM5TfjkLHqiAJ3y60B-rC2rl6jlnGro6TT9EzZRPPFrKsc-8nCoCUVhMOy4PvcoAfyHL1yO8el9tbdnivT_2SQd4-PMyhUcZbDXiidmK7BzVFqKmm86yw/w400-h255/P1120771.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the vessel from the shore.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmxwx1ogUGyUgj_8P1MmeW2uMdA31LrTRy8hQo8F79wnFPVbPar5yTPqC9sYtFn7cIgw3zVUKJ6Fq4ycv_Zj_I4PUTbpNEVFL0wh7MTCpAsU1gjbpIN8XyxtgAtPkBxLckTJqH6CZxUCRiv5d5o9McYhsckEK60gLl2RzwhJ9WBOiKbjzAY-xC5XcUIw/s4608/P1120772.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3064" data-original-width="4608" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmxwx1ogUGyUgj_8P1MmeW2uMdA31LrTRy8hQo8F79wnFPVbPar5yTPqC9sYtFn7cIgw3zVUKJ6Fq4ycv_Zj_I4PUTbpNEVFL0wh7MTCpAsU1gjbpIN8XyxtgAtPkBxLckTJqH6CZxUCRiv5d5o9McYhsckEK60gLl2RzwhJ9WBOiKbjzAY-xC5XcUIw/w400-h266/P1120772.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Note the three tiers of gun ports.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXp6BVyhBjy8OxN7Q5aZlZMB1sazPT1Gu-hknZyMGHVtkq9O50oXhyLuD89R2zCUStsdMFjX2pPEn2zb7Xzfb4__7ybZzta3KtbFSIlKHhxJcgMhcJkY9hxamDMgd1xiRafePxtTfHxogjoB2YJoDySyqFfT20dgdoDyUUps3NgwtZIAE1rM6UISYG5w/s2996/P1120774.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2996" data-original-width="1944" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXp6BVyhBjy8OxN7Q5aZlZMB1sazPT1Gu-hknZyMGHVtkq9O50oXhyLuD89R2zCUStsdMFjX2pPEn2zb7Xzfb4__7ybZzta3KtbFSIlKHhxJcgMhcJkY9hxamDMgd1xiRafePxtTfHxogjoB2YJoDySyqFfT20dgdoDyUUps3NgwtZIAE1rM6UISYG5w/w260-h400/P1120774.JPG" width="260" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from the bow.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4nDZ1N4L9h3s9FxVagX4wPXBrCJ6K2gEYOSA2bm08o_e8mAgu963UjKgmIFtmqzQsdrHgp172nAMHMAxp9D4WYYiBMjKYdJ-K66vzQ_HjgpfCX9dC6BeFvnq4SLoRlCCncONSSxsv43YKFPa10QuP_0a46_cw3d00yBK5xtvnZ-RH1MhjYFZTwbmEMA/s2364/P1120775.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2364" data-original-width="1436" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4nDZ1N4L9h3s9FxVagX4wPXBrCJ6K2gEYOSA2bm08o_e8mAgu963UjKgmIFtmqzQsdrHgp172nAMHMAxp9D4WYYiBMjKYdJ-K66vzQ_HjgpfCX9dC6BeFvnq4SLoRlCCncONSSxsv43YKFPa10QuP_0a46_cw3d00yBK5xtvnZ-RH1MhjYFZTwbmEMA/w242-h400/P1120775.JPG" width="242" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The war ship and the smaller merchant carrack.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikl_ORmDwALRS2K-NhWGFb1luIq2hPdaFsi1aq2ZUEienDS-uuiVpkbqYA8d2pgzwsp1oPKeA5tLLBnkOGpwxKGNAKneLyfP7J6lgiwHY67j0HPSDozB92K2RQnBADgRN9og1FZlDoEQRyRsFaygNYhB0-hRZACvd4SkO9Lcqt1Z6AT3A4XgRP38W-Bw/s3456/P1120776.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="1844" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikl_ORmDwALRS2K-NhWGFb1luIq2hPdaFsi1aq2ZUEienDS-uuiVpkbqYA8d2pgzwsp1oPKeA5tLLBnkOGpwxKGNAKneLyfP7J6lgiwHY67j0HPSDozB92K2RQnBADgRN9og1FZlDoEQRyRsFaygNYhB0-hRZACvd4SkO9Lcqt1Z6AT3A4XgRP38W-Bw/w214-h400/P1120776.JPG" width="214" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from the stern.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYFbgIAsGvX4F4ai3BSNgyt-tN8moC6mzuUm8vPYWIBsXWybogC8KyucaE2vL6RyS0gbwbry98p65IthBnjb9Nq1JdpG5pWWqbfampQ0W_gMn4XyaQnQS5k64QlFr4sn1YVW3GwYrmNrr127bc4s6ptsfmYammBNXveqlNAVTImVrNlTfuvXA9zLQcJA/s2880/P1120777.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2880" data-original-width="1592" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYFbgIAsGvX4F4ai3BSNgyt-tN8moC6mzuUm8vPYWIBsXWybogC8KyucaE2vL6RyS0gbwbry98p65IthBnjb9Nq1JdpG5pWWqbfampQ0W_gMn4XyaQnQS5k64QlFr4sn1YVW3GwYrmNrr127bc4s6ptsfmYammBNXveqlNAVTImVrNlTfuvXA9zLQcJA/w221-h400/P1120777.JPG" width="221" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Note the bronze cannons in the aftcastle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisOJmwh2-ErEus__An28eTLrrqpXjjlo0BkAPnTXDcvg3BkiI2wipRLUHu4YsRTyuLtZAt3-GkkatLhlDXuVN9QwS1saHEvna19eGOzYTN92z-hob37xxBKlZh8Qco-0qm07HJdXEto394nU7QYpK8STgd74VTL1OFB5cnWMLO0A8MWf944VmqPQrk2A/s4608/P1120778.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2516" data-original-width="4608" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisOJmwh2-ErEus__An28eTLrrqpXjjlo0BkAPnTXDcvg3BkiI2wipRLUHu4YsRTyuLtZAt3-GkkatLhlDXuVN9QwS1saHEvna19eGOzYTN92z-hob37xxBKlZh8Qco-0qm07HJdXEto394nU7QYpK8STgd74VTL1OFB5cnWMLO0A8MWf944VmqPQrk2A/w400-h219/P1120778.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the warship from above.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtyG3lBre77Cz1UXur-6Y4HYasuX5OYo8Y9E-fcKY3rV84bMCSOnTg240qLcWokRRn4W4VX58d7KiP5LLtonoY5ciVjqOMD_JW3qnaBjG9m_oOB2BdgxXVzNgTXJkcUzYRHzMpxwOTnP4cnr-81RCDgWxPdixfASS-WqDHqtJLBPu1MzDnRWsM5w7irA/s4608/P1120779.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtyG3lBre77Cz1UXur-6Y4HYasuX5OYo8Y9E-fcKY3rV84bMCSOnTg240qLcWokRRn4W4VX58d7KiP5LLtonoY5ciVjqOMD_JW3qnaBjG9m_oOB2BdgxXVzNgTXJkcUzYRHzMpxwOTnP4cnr-81RCDgWxPdixfASS-WqDHqtJLBPu1MzDnRWsM5w7irA/w400-h300/P1120779.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Tudor warship in 28mm.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQevD8Bo3ChwKYLZkv8Suj9xoTuVwN2JuKP5O-GA2SSeXK9eyK31PomdMaqa67dDFemyMai5FEhwkamqXxcB7fJp6Ya5fFyf_SQ6BjO9zAR73CY5LU2eyFW89aFdQONou_bald7RhLgnLiRdFJKiVuLC5pe_s40vIWQSjUu0q5qu-rA4Z4GMPrjFx6gA/s4608/P1120792.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2984" data-original-width="4608" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQevD8Bo3ChwKYLZkv8Suj9xoTuVwN2JuKP5O-GA2SSeXK9eyK31PomdMaqa67dDFemyMai5FEhwkamqXxcB7fJp6Ya5fFyf_SQ6BjO9zAR73CY5LU2eyFW89aFdQONou_bald7RhLgnLiRdFJKiVuLC5pe_s40vIWQSjUu0q5qu-rA4Z4GMPrjFx6gA/w400-h259/P1120792.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the soldiers manning the crow's nest.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUh6YHs6MmrCXVDOwAzUTZG_sejIujUXELtRWKlx_R58GGA5SuL2faX0yLYDo6fQhrS1g8Bx2qREQv9F1nQD7Zw2-g67fsYfAAM95nowcw0d0KjPJduoFE598fDyAPIyqnxekYvEU2-Xz2Iv7P2zMMrVe-uxM47jYONcFiP897mB5uZ2WdNypB7D2QPQ/s4608/P1120793.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUh6YHs6MmrCXVDOwAzUTZG_sejIujUXELtRWKlx_R58GGA5SuL2faX0yLYDo6fQhrS1g8Bx2qREQv9F1nQD7Zw2-g67fsYfAAM95nowcw0d0KjPJduoFE598fDyAPIyqnxekYvEU2-Xz2Iv7P2zMMrVe-uxM47jYONcFiP897mB5uZ2WdNypB7D2QPQ/w400-h300/P1120793.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The crow's nests are protected by shields.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDWwS10160YxPGXdNf51Z7AREW7D4U55ktVO8Il89Gvkwhd4_wqVtguRxM-ANSH5qQy5AS4ZZLq_0OfkGu6sqDf8YCeKVsoztJVqz37trOkc5QX2fDSrvTRcCyGmkrD3i8-SDxrrhbqULX-E31AnRwuX0ytFoXOs54mHvov6bwv6uqAEGArsyNNW54MA/s3872/P1120794.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3872" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDWwS10160YxPGXdNf51Z7AREW7D4U55ktVO8Il89Gvkwhd4_wqVtguRxM-ANSH5qQy5AS4ZZLq_0OfkGu6sqDf8YCeKVsoztJVqz37trOkc5QX2fDSrvTRcCyGmkrD3i8-SDxrrhbqULX-E31AnRwuX0ytFoXOs54mHvov6bwv6uqAEGArsyNNW54MA/w400-h358/P1120794.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The main deck.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYwz6HxMaQX7c2qyJYbyYgOQu_vWxPjqNLhEvpuhtDTRYbCeBu_IfNqR5xJvTCU8BhoyCQk3XHgBnFRQ5vLyZeifLz_PPZBt-G4oPG6zjx-a3xsqVA_3bHaLxVxZ8siuX_o3iunXj4NhS6gSpg_KRLdXZsysJq3nrz52i22GiVEkd0JwwmaVua21dTLg/s4608/P1120796.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3368" data-original-width="4608" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYwz6HxMaQX7c2qyJYbyYgOQu_vWxPjqNLhEvpuhtDTRYbCeBu_IfNqR5xJvTCU8BhoyCQk3XHgBnFRQ5vLyZeifLz_PPZBt-G4oPG6zjx-a3xsqVA_3bHaLxVxZ8siuX_o3iunXj4NhS6gSpg_KRLdXZsysJq3nrz52i22GiVEkd0JwwmaVua21dTLg/w400-h293/P1120796.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The figures manning the deck are mainly 28mm Tudor figures from the Assault Group with a couple from Pete's Flags also on deck. All the flags used are from Pete's Flags.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9OuJk4pxfdgiYdEqUiNVNRPXUaERpiJAwrJ_pFUXEOPFQW8Acz6kRsWhx1d6WozjydPjRmg8OwFcIM8DTa0_dbHRSsRrbyYrhVfSwnuCkleS_y9vTsdKKBPVo7aDdcImGIf3gsXbMKAAI_-FE9EcMdoZLlT1ZymAgKgVqMszxZju5JxJJ3RtoqvEQJw/s3924/P1120797.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2768" data-original-width="3924" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9OuJk4pxfdgiYdEqUiNVNRPXUaERpiJAwrJ_pFUXEOPFQW8Acz6kRsWhx1d6WozjydPjRmg8OwFcIM8DTa0_dbHRSsRrbyYrhVfSwnuCkleS_y9vTsdKKBPVo7aDdcImGIf3gsXbMKAAI_-FE9EcMdoZLlT1ZymAgKgVqMszxZju5JxJJ3RtoqvEQJw/w400-h283/P1120797.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ship is armed with swivel or "base" guns.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiElVaiRGwQyznaowEmoQl6mrPvV8r4e7AkCMipFcWUxzaOCan2joc9H_75TZb2pz5E_9z8puMNqFv3fSZojaqjhftQ1L2HVX4r1CBC97MbHqVYPBOa97NVnKW__KOZt-2juNKF_UhvCXyePJi6WowgdchVe8EBNsc5HrOG3gY67lG5W2sQu964n3Qg1A/s4608/P1120798.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3268" data-original-width="4608" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiElVaiRGwQyznaowEmoQl6mrPvV8r4e7AkCMipFcWUxzaOCan2joc9H_75TZb2pz5E_9z8puMNqFv3fSZojaqjhftQ1L2HVX4r1CBC97MbHqVYPBOa97NVnKW__KOZt-2juNKF_UhvCXyePJi6WowgdchVe8EBNsc5HrOG3gY67lG5W2sQu964n3Qg1A/w400-h284/P1120798.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tudor arquebusiers man the decks.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzmNaNmtg_-9426UNgViUEb6BjOE_c3aE9gqixs0pHZlZTWDwdITkhRq3XR0NoxQXBHV4KX4G7TkRBixCjVcyNfvdGWEiAi4dMLjmWMYjlLI0uBiDr5iL9fjWRW594_AQWy942ebhS-YS27mQeLv49S5Pc20lYFTcCtSMVkh1n2f_jyifjOCpvKsPGZw/s4608/P1120799.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3328" data-original-width="4608" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzmNaNmtg_-9426UNgViUEb6BjOE_c3aE9gqixs0pHZlZTWDwdITkhRq3XR0NoxQXBHV4KX4G7TkRBixCjVcyNfvdGWEiAi4dMLjmWMYjlLI0uBiDr5iL9fjWRW594_AQWy942ebhS-YS27mQeLv49S5Pc20lYFTcCtSMVkh1n2f_jyifjOCpvKsPGZw/w400-h289/P1120799.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Captain and his officers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGfteD5OraMqOgfryyXJihdkUnljWG8yIbtkwU7-RCjVzv1IQZnjONGi5k1ndRhiUfLzoUJ7_KufM3kHiRiSZTulqLAT3QZNa9bX2AnZt8JMw14Qd4oRkNEe1yQmzrkdGJo8FmiNWJjuKywnXS3go9FysB547VETiU0lE48tlMAgctHlTIfRBg_qIZ6g/s3116/P1120800.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3116" data-original-width="2820" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGfteD5OraMqOgfryyXJihdkUnljWG8yIbtkwU7-RCjVzv1IQZnjONGi5k1ndRhiUfLzoUJ7_KufM3kHiRiSZTulqLAT3QZNa9bX2AnZt8JMw14Qd4oRkNEe1yQmzrkdGJo8FmiNWJjuKywnXS3go9FysB547VETiU0lE48tlMAgctHlTIfRBg_qIZ6g/w363-h400/P1120800.JPG" width="363" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Captain leads from the aftcastle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq3oQVrZ6xVjVcQqBl-LhPIZ_3Ro-nTT2Vc-Jk2oxrhgDIDyZN3VYPFMX7ULSCmrBeiHFUtHJsD2Fl1BszCUQpnvpnMSf_0JudOge9kOojlt_rtvTXhJwPMFATMSZ2edybo6qCMdYM5CdGJC8BHmN0jyqQZiDVkGwIpz9m_lr1bTVjrTk5ijj5mVvoRQ/s3324/P1120801.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3324" data-original-width="3032" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq3oQVrZ6xVjVcQqBl-LhPIZ_3Ro-nTT2Vc-Jk2oxrhgDIDyZN3VYPFMX7ULSCmrBeiHFUtHJsD2Fl1BszCUQpnvpnMSf_0JudOge9kOojlt_rtvTXhJwPMFATMSZ2edybo6qCMdYM5CdGJC8BHmN0jyqQZiDVkGwIpz9m_lr1bTVjrTk5ijj5mVvoRQ/w365-h400/P1120801.JPG" width="365" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ships command.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaqfjyn9qWnuAqOJxHbIC4YjaLKdTDmnpMdBI3FL60ugQPimPOipMcT7P0-crBR6Z8ACrjgwR6EDFJyyWHSsR077xApc1lc2OvdeYnAfQFXRKZkV3P1KXZdsWSXkhCLXY8HcUhDm3V05g8C_eS2C1IT-Dkdz8OnwJthX_eJuKFrLkX3KBQU2d1XPQbMA/s4400/P1120827.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4400" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaqfjyn9qWnuAqOJxHbIC4YjaLKdTDmnpMdBI3FL60ugQPimPOipMcT7P0-crBR6Z8ACrjgwR6EDFJyyWHSsR077xApc1lc2OvdeYnAfQFXRKZkV3P1KXZdsWSXkhCLXY8HcUhDm3V05g8C_eS2C1IT-Dkdz8OnwJthX_eJuKFrLkX3KBQU2d1XPQbMA/w400-h314/P1120827.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Tudor Warship in 28mm.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBK0jqQSXWNwcTUQDQfimUV3E3P_jSNH69wTHBXoLGc9uXybwTlMY4vL1r9zAAtKWX0qujsyDLseN2nJOhJzq4sQsyf1sZOCXbiertjVacm1Mj8ONcgNH4JDVOplVDRioUxAlicEMfm4YFZxGinnFA_HnsCsD_yHbpYHT8uycQYDc--5pX97VSao572g/s3936/P1120828.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3936" height="351" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBK0jqQSXWNwcTUQDQfimUV3E3P_jSNH69wTHBXoLGc9uXybwTlMY4vL1r9zAAtKWX0qujsyDLseN2nJOhJzq4sQsyf1sZOCXbiertjVacm1Mj8ONcgNH4JDVOplVDRioUxAlicEMfm4YFZxGinnFA_HnsCsD_yHbpYHT8uycQYDc--5pX97VSao572g/w400-h351/P1120828.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the aftcastle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUWbo0uh7-BzkCjrOoomMPuDkU-vDiIipbIWFBPuPzS1Cyib1aZCrM8o9ymQg9EG80VmalzTTDCGoDZNlVyujKcpiAgLGdczRH0QY_iWSFDaAPOsx9FqW8zBtug7fVSMLlrggfsorXXgZ4LLhmhPftP4TIhMMiaQSyJqIdqI9QDCnlH9pL0iy7EPOtKw/s4208/P1120886%20(2).JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="4208" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUWbo0uh7-BzkCjrOoomMPuDkU-vDiIipbIWFBPuPzS1Cyib1aZCrM8o9ymQg9EG80VmalzTTDCGoDZNlVyujKcpiAgLGdczRH0QY_iWSFDaAPOsx9FqW8zBtug7fVSMLlrggfsorXXgZ4LLhmhPftP4TIhMMiaQSyJqIdqI9QDCnlH9pL0iy7EPOtKw/w400-h195/P1120886%20(2).JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Larger cannon on the gun deck. The hatches were made out of green stuff.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRD9dGSuWu7CuFo7Dz9lTHPVrXUw4Vs86222Zuq3J-KDd1cyirrfifo6gTa7WbIM0d6vCImL4RcEp4wZqYtARlGXA9lVRwHbI1OTnmUxfXbqC9t0nj-4I9QKQaoatwoMB2b2I3Xu1mEXY0kB8AI75kkxFiHt5xzWaE-Drp1j_XA2NvxUfKcBbWwaMP8w/s4608/P1120887.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRD9dGSuWu7CuFo7Dz9lTHPVrXUw4Vs86222Zuq3J-KDd1cyirrfifo6gTa7WbIM0d6vCImL4RcEp4wZqYtARlGXA9lVRwHbI1OTnmUxfXbqC9t0nj-4I9QKQaoatwoMB2b2I3Xu1mEXY0kB8AI75kkxFiHt5xzWaE-Drp1j_XA2NvxUfKcBbWwaMP8w/w400-h300/P1120887.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In total the ship has 36 guns on it, not including the figures carrying arquebuses.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr6wiJpTMJjjw-GF53qwlha5LxAjMtBOe9V0r4ySU7_93_pnw7mKv-DPhO7roOmQuishqgcqFD4Yg6igLiH-1cW8wwXAvtEIt2HHSP3bye7SHIUrd4ONkG6n9i6jt-NCmA-7rvngGbrCS1AxjxeKlkhl67lWSRSjgrZizJp6Cp5_-p0ddbJdSbOtWcfg/s3976/P1120888.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="3976" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr6wiJpTMJjjw-GF53qwlha5LxAjMtBOe9V0r4ySU7_93_pnw7mKv-DPhO7roOmQuishqgcqFD4Yg6igLiH-1cW8wwXAvtEIt2HHSP3bye7SHIUrd4ONkG6n9i6jt-NCmA-7rvngGbrCS1AxjxeKlkhl67lWSRSjgrZizJp6Cp5_-p0ddbJdSbOtWcfg/w400-h304/P1120888.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of some of the guns in the stern.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHA9DljXaGQeeFBQ66HGUk5VJStGEn1nJ5NPVdd8go5jUWa2VT8d7AlQm310n1aZSZ-NWbJVMLoyElAGBV4NtRJ0vowmsbOjKPiPlztLZKpNKRNtIGgpaMa4eWa3XRGJQywUNmRhyvD6AZ3rb0hkJockdJP5lwpLiPKEqGh64yiRPctH3Gmpuj_KJDDg/s2880/P1120895.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2880" data-original-width="1552" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHA9DljXaGQeeFBQ66HGUk5VJStGEn1nJ5NPVdd8go5jUWa2VT8d7AlQm310n1aZSZ-NWbJVMLoyElAGBV4NtRJ0vowmsbOjKPiPlztLZKpNKRNtIGgpaMa4eWa3XRGJQywUNmRhyvD6AZ3rb0hkJockdJP5lwpLiPKEqGh64yiRPctH3Gmpuj_KJDDg/w215-h400/P1120895.JPG" width="215" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the formidable array of guns!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-47852700477664350612023-06-01T00:13:00.001-07:002023-06-01T00:13:40.211-07:00Wallachian Calarasi<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHyymf5Sp-3TdpBVNaQfsRJBDqnjMJgZdgQs2kpUlbPupZxoOIKKWutdkWsoYmm3Mdt0vd6gijUhpL8Q7027RzGXKo78BNz6GL9lo45a03oqU39HvLzRm8lha258r0OuYodzxGGeIb073CgZ3A-sVcdYCF_2Lo921V16eteYF9rFUbWF9clMBAFDe-aQ/s1240/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1240" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHyymf5Sp-3TdpBVNaQfsRJBDqnjMJgZdgQs2kpUlbPupZxoOIKKWutdkWsoYmm3Mdt0vd6gijUhpL8Q7027RzGXKo78BNz6GL9lo45a03oqU39HvLzRm8lha258r0OuYodzxGGeIb073CgZ3A-sVcdYCF_2Lo921V16eteYF9rFUbWF9clMBAFDe-aQ/w400-h310/1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div>A new unit for the collection today with a return to the 16th century border warfare of Eastern Europe. These horsemen would be as equally at home in an Ottoman raiding party as they would in an army defending the eastern reaches of Christendom. The figures represent the light cavalry of the provinces of Wallachia and Moldova, the calarasi. The calarasi were made up of plainsmen or members of the lower nobility. Armed with bows and lances they made ideal scouts and couriers. They could often be found patrolling the borders of their provinces, ever vigilant against the constant threat of enemy raids.<br /><br />The calarasi wore rich and bright clothing when they could afford it. Another distinctive item of clothing often worn were tall beehive shaped hats, made of lynx fur, which they decorated with feathers. There are some interesting contemporary images of these expert cavalrymen, but the images need to be treated with caution. The first image below, from around 1530, shows two "turks" from a raiding party. One of them looks to be a Wallachian or Moldovan horseman serving as an Ottoman vassal. He wears the distinctive beehive shaped fur hat and is in striped clothing. The second is from a German military manual in the University of Heidelberg. It is so similar that it may simply be a copy of the fist image by <span style="text-align: center;">Erhard Schön.</span> The later 16th century images by <span style="text-align: center;">Abrahm de Bruyn match the clothing and hats of </span><span style="text-align: center;">the first two images very closely.<br /></span><div><br /><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZg-fNOlfIVURMn1PeJtWtt-PBiMF6RUgWB_AN7DmTQViEVH0P8h6Z6IkeNtSfev1JmFllWp3O6k5erz-kn32SqnaKzCGLBBfVjXW9D_f0cx5DdQ6qF8xhjdUAMI5O0WB1G6DvSvT1EZWeBJHSdcgwFn_SgjxtfaIFfbgyO_54zY7pqFS33hOaAiLXUw/s1358/Erhard%20Sch%C3%B6n%201530%20Two%20Turks%20with%20captives,%20only%20heads%20of%20captives%20show.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1358" data-original-width="900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZg-fNOlfIVURMn1PeJtWtt-PBiMF6RUgWB_AN7DmTQViEVH0P8h6Z6IkeNtSfev1JmFllWp3O6k5erz-kn32SqnaKzCGLBBfVjXW9D_f0cx5DdQ6qF8xhjdUAMI5O0WB1G6DvSvT1EZWeBJHSdcgwFn_SgjxtfaIFfbgyO_54zY7pqFS33hOaAiLXUw/w265-h400/Erhard%20Sch%C3%B6n%201530%20Two%20Turks%20with%20captives,%20only%20heads%20of%20captives%20show.jpg" width="265" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Erhard Schön 1530 Two Turks. One of the horseman is probably a Wallachian in Turkish employ as he wears the distinctive fur hat of the calarasi. Note the striped clothing he wears.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV2pjuQuBUj9qXkh45_gCC4QecITQORB2_VuqK0dFwaOikedStr8z5jDpxkcDPKZRMGjvqbfKiKVyNtnpCkrBJJYCwFdNVFUK5sZwa2k80yqSx6rsLT43XzgtRbjnGdjljrOb2nHafrhGBeuBqcPKWDZmZxMh4lE0wVoHRz2pUwXSmH7gWcHmOYUicHQ/s709/1535%20South%20west%20Germany%20Book%20of%20the%20tried%20arts.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="561" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV2pjuQuBUj9qXkh45_gCC4QecITQORB2_VuqK0dFwaOikedStr8z5jDpxkcDPKZRMGjvqbfKiKVyNtnpCkrBJJYCwFdNVFUK5sZwa2k80yqSx6rsLT43XzgtRbjnGdjljrOb2nHafrhGBeuBqcPKWDZmZxMh4lE0wVoHRz2pUwXSmH7gWcHmOYUicHQ/w316-h400/1535%20South%20west%20Germany%20Book%20of%20the%20tried%20arts.png" width="316" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A possible image of a calarasi horseman from "the book of the tried arts", South West Germany 1535.</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIS-8oGm2vjXadZfRAvQS6InHVnDqJN7k6MI2n9CFMsQdWd5zom_HOaMTv5DcU-GwAgwOdnNra2bFBEdmC4gr24FBoGwzNhBJ6TBI7GTdmDYiIA9BpJ88SRQON9W-LQcFiWwDmsLjGmT5AXGdnf3A6VbqYyAXXoqmD_gndLBukiLsgAD7ugiW1w_d0gg/s876/Abrahm%20de%20Bruyn%20Wallachian%201585.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="876" data-original-width="663" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIS-8oGm2vjXadZfRAvQS6InHVnDqJN7k6MI2n9CFMsQdWd5zom_HOaMTv5DcU-GwAgwOdnNra2bFBEdmC4gr24FBoGwzNhBJ6TBI7GTdmDYiIA9BpJ88SRQON9W-LQcFiWwDmsLjGmT5AXGdnf3A6VbqYyAXXoqmD_gndLBukiLsgAD7ugiW1w_d0gg/w303-h400/Abrahm%20de%20Bruyn%20Wallachian%201585.png" width="303" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Abrahm de Bruyn - a Wallachian c.1585.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJB5ESpH8Om0BqgrNBTI6t7QWwgHLXDH5_cB-zRueak-BT1ZQfPIcx_7p-I8q1s2B3-t27Ny9t9qWbGdDL_IsJvCo2t6UQj_ExDbDQQlfg0FdeoIPwm38MSBM08psqydgR5q2UauTLm37218fWINgMt4SFN08ij6qZ9is01WjvZoaW6CrOdjCtg9N1aw/s783/Abrahm%20de%20Bruyn%20Wallachian.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="783" data-original-width="447" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJB5ESpH8Om0BqgrNBTI6t7QWwgHLXDH5_cB-zRueak-BT1ZQfPIcx_7p-I8q1s2B3-t27Ny9t9qWbGdDL_IsJvCo2t6UQj_ExDbDQQlfg0FdeoIPwm38MSBM08psqydgR5q2UauTLm37218fWINgMt4SFN08ij6qZ9is01WjvZoaW6CrOdjCtg9N1aw/w229-h400/Abrahm%20de%20Bruyn%20Wallachian.png" width="229" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Abrahm de Bruyn - Wallachian from the later 1500s.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />A contemporary image to Erhard <span style="text-align: center;">Schön's is </span>Daniel Hopfer's etching of three "Mamluks" shown below. Rather than being mamluks this trio of horseman may well be calarasi, they certainly look very similar with the distinctive hats and striped coats. In fact so similar that it is most likely that <span style="text-align: center;">Schön or Hopfer </span>has copied the other, although whose image was first is hard to tell. The later image shown below from the mid 16th century costume codex, now in Madrid, is clearly a copy of Hopfer's etching. Again they are labelled "Mosqvwiter" which I assume is meant to refer to them as mamluks. So we have images, some of which are probably of Wallachian and Moldovan calarasi, even though labelled as mamluks, but it is had to tell how many, if any, are by an artist who actually witnessed these cavalry. Some of them are clearly copies of the earlier works.</div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEgUYZUTBXYgr4N5ux8eZFpKDrLxpFTkgtRMakPuYlE0j-3VqwwP3HsdXI3XHU_AJyUKoNSB4iQgqesC5C9Lwxwj0tMr2LjX0_QugVUjbF8kyV1zi9YVynOUpgeCfPhRfueE6DQz65uuaSW5BKB9sybxeHtC4_uVy350ZyKIkfpJVyaQdhluC_5HhDYA/s1000/Daniel%20Jopfer%2015261536%20Mamlukes.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="700" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEgUYZUTBXYgr4N5ux8eZFpKDrLxpFTkgtRMakPuYlE0j-3VqwwP3HsdXI3XHU_AJyUKoNSB4iQgqesC5C9Lwxwj0tMr2LjX0_QugVUjbF8kyV1zi9YVynOUpgeCfPhRfueE6DQz65uuaSW5BKB9sybxeHtC4_uVy350ZyKIkfpJVyaQdhluC_5HhDYA/w280-h400/Daniel%20Jopfer%2015261536%20Mamlukes.jpg" width="280" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Daniel Hopfer, three Mamluks c.1526-1530 - but are they actually Wallachian cavalry wrongly identified as Mamluks?</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmj94dAFZo5DroVG5jaP1GGzbI7r2jIWz2SW_Q7aZALEFyfGSmfc-Yc_UhMGebiD-MSNsIe6s_OR8qYwJp4ziuPGXTE2QlLjHfqYufYglv34VInKNh53UBXE9uupSCl8JsQbVencl8Jz4bY8aT8yKL9fJGCjzaXjvYJ82TJ249xFksiMqa3I_0jjNlMw/s1888/Costume%20codex%20in%20Madrid.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1888" data-original-width="1884" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmj94dAFZo5DroVG5jaP1GGzbI7r2jIWz2SW_Q7aZALEFyfGSmfc-Yc_UhMGebiD-MSNsIe6s_OR8qYwJp4ziuPGXTE2QlLjHfqYufYglv34VInKNh53UBXE9uupSCl8JsQbVencl8Jz4bY8aT8yKL9fJGCjzaXjvYJ82TJ249xFksiMqa3I_0jjNlMw/w399-h400/Costume%20codex%20in%20Madrid.jpg" width="399" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Probably a copy of the image above from a codex of costumes - the Códice De Trajes c.1547. Are these Mamluks or Wallachians? This also serves to illustrate how images were clearly copied by other artists.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: center;">This being a Camisado blog post I had to find an excuse to include some woodcuts from Maximilian's </span><span style="text-align: center;">Weisskunig! While the two images from it included below may not be of Wallachian or Moldovan troops specifically they do show the fashion for striped tunics among Eastern European troops in this period. Both woodcuts depict various characters and two of them in eastern fashions are clearly in striped clothing. I had intended to avoid the stripes when painting up the miniatures but having found these images I decided at least some of them would have to be painted like this.</span><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieEAB8SElWQxOlRnE4_luR45hUDFY-45fccNxTkx0am6vgOD7SBH9vhXIecaivhINc4A8vPbrxXax9JWQWcPQIdwDKwTi34BCSqC5K9EYihlJxxj1XpZ_nRAdoLtaGvHsbSf9Zp1rpeSBu_80o_CVnJMLT1KrJrtMf1agLYFmFApt06YNt9Runr1VF8A/s861/m76.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="861" data-original-width="752" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieEAB8SElWQxOlRnE4_luR45hUDFY-45fccNxTkx0am6vgOD7SBH9vhXIecaivhINc4A8vPbrxXax9JWQWcPQIdwDKwTi34BCSqC5K9EYihlJxxj1XpZ_nRAdoLtaGvHsbSf9Zp1rpeSBu_80o_CVnJMLT1KrJrtMf1agLYFmFApt06YNt9Runr1VF8A/w349-h400/m76.jpg" width="349" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Woodcut from the Weisskunig c.1514-1516. The two gentlemen on the left look to be Eastern European and one wears the distinct striped tunic as shown in the Erhard Schön and Daniel Hopfer images above. The mix of mail and plate armour of the man second from the left is also interesting.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMJKAAS6aChMHfGZ5acQNtUYjUX5TFrKOXzo31yONHWL5Gm3OOHQRnsqkhKUcybArzftPgUfo_d2h4C1_2x48a0so-tvHlZwZKmGX5hDXxEFJUC9HKZciW3joLgFz9ciIrzYp-RtV6roS8FHwf3ast7w3WlhkgffXwtJIqN-SdF_WftnqVoTMtjyicUw/s767/m77.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="700" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMJKAAS6aChMHfGZ5acQNtUYjUX5TFrKOXzo31yONHWL5Gm3OOHQRnsqkhKUcybArzftPgUfo_d2h4C1_2x48a0so-tvHlZwZKmGX5hDXxEFJUC9HKZciW3joLgFz9ciIrzYp-RtV6roS8FHwf3ast7w3WlhkgffXwtJIqN-SdF_WftnqVoTMtjyicUw/w365-h400/m77.jpg" width="365" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another woodcut from the Weisskunig c.1514-1516. Again some of the characters depicted look to be Eastern European with the gentleman on the right being in another striped coat.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />These figures have all been converted to show the distinctive beehive fur hats. These were sculpted with green stuff after the hats the figures had been wearing were filed down. The feathers were then added from other miniatures I have converted in the past. Most of the figures are Old Glory Miniatures Balkan light cavalry or Delis whist the captain, carrying a mace, is an Assault Group Figure. Some of the figures carry the shields they originally came with whilst some have been swapped for Perry or Redoubt Enterprises shields. Finally all of the figures are on Assault Group horses instead of the Old Glory ones. </div><div><br /></div><div>I am pleased with how they have turned out. These cavalrymen fought for both Ottoman and Christian armies during the constant border warfare of this period and they will make a really colourful addition to both my Ottoman and Hungarian armies. They are also useful for a relatively long time period being suitable from the 15th Century through to at least the end of the 16th. These troops would also be great in a 15th century army of Vlad the Impaler and I was tempted to go down the rabbit hole of starting to build an army for Vlad to take on my Ottomans. But that will have to wait for now as there are lots of other projects in the pipeline!</div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCyrWZbPzYDr2onQCF8vl4UQSHvTNEOd9BjOfCPSCF6UgWYry5K0s1qf363vcP5AgAUUjtYtXbUhdMRseRBIl0FvO_9tuY7-lNCHmZ7iZNC6ApssatTIKJUflPtqzSB3L86t3pqwCtq_H6Tvqf2gl3el2QRR0x0ZBiL3arMCbrwnz9AK7kcLNjQw7AhA/s1217/thumbnail_IMG_4625.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="772" data-original-width="1217" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCyrWZbPzYDr2onQCF8vl4UQSHvTNEOd9BjOfCPSCF6UgWYry5K0s1qf363vcP5AgAUUjtYtXbUhdMRseRBIl0FvO_9tuY7-lNCHmZ7iZNC6ApssatTIKJUflPtqzSB3L86t3pqwCtq_H6Tvqf2gl3el2QRR0x0ZBiL3arMCbrwnz9AK7kcLNjQw7AhA/w400-h254/thumbnail_IMG_4625.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm Wallachian or Moldovan calarasi.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs2ykX3W7Z2gDY0AhSr0gZCd1s8c2RPEhLYrMAARbbsvlGDUH8799KiS5Jbk1MnmyyylbZck9179hLy_SD85GhrRVMV4AZ3_-f6YxqC6kgrvUkkrvsf6Hn3Z6QmJ5URym5iAoydo3Onu61e7XN4JpMfnSlsk3ZuPX8LS-q2vkXDdK9s8YfxLA2W7o1MA/s2852/P1120654.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2852" data-original-width="2800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs2ykX3W7Z2gDY0AhSr0gZCd1s8c2RPEhLYrMAARbbsvlGDUH8799KiS5Jbk1MnmyyylbZck9179hLy_SD85GhrRVMV4AZ3_-f6YxqC6kgrvUkkrvsf6Hn3Z6QmJ5URym5iAoydo3Onu61e7XN4JpMfnSlsk3ZuPX8LS-q2vkXDdK9s8YfxLA2W7o1MA/w393-h400/P1120654.JPG" width="393" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Calarasi fighting under a Christian banner.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo_5odcp-msArrn5z_3rxtfEhNl5MUEpVfu0q60iNO2CzuESzDqV2arT3ECXtrz26H4toWCLQfPZkR7kmAogiH5J9clp9ZAc0Yf0w3A7fLyYCxC4tatxPYMKr8hZ0gUlD1hZmruooQpPWBjTv_JSPOmEURlAF5MdLoPO0gnaQhgKHDKJ20TwLbq-uLoA/s3420/P1120664.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2972" data-original-width="3420" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo_5odcp-msArrn5z_3rxtfEhNl5MUEpVfu0q60iNO2CzuESzDqV2arT3ECXtrz26H4toWCLQfPZkR7kmAogiH5J9clp9ZAc0Yf0w3A7fLyYCxC4tatxPYMKr8hZ0gUlD1hZmruooQpPWBjTv_JSPOmEURlAF5MdLoPO0gnaQhgKHDKJ20TwLbq-uLoA/w400-h348/P1120664.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wallachian cavalry, possibly in Hungarian service.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqynecTyC3FPZ7E7euZXWnacSR2NGuErHH0izJjslZtQS7-PvmIb5jqs8uW1nhpKmxtMeCk-Wix3dWPXnjNabDpx7IoNs7satM_K7dE8a777OJXVDOPQFPUqlW8Jn-wr5sU5XhHG0Cpc3UMNIrOdiBQEM7pd2SUqHXyavx3q7inAzb4BRnG8XEXU74cw/s3476/P1120632.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2356" data-original-width="3476" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqynecTyC3FPZ7E7euZXWnacSR2NGuErHH0izJjslZtQS7-PvmIb5jqs8uW1nhpKmxtMeCk-Wix3dWPXnjNabDpx7IoNs7satM_K7dE8a777OJXVDOPQFPUqlW8Jn-wr5sU5XhHG0Cpc3UMNIrOdiBQEM7pd2SUqHXyavx3q7inAzb4BRnG8XEXU74cw/w400-h271/P1120632.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The calarasi under an Ottoman banner.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgDHgwbsgS_ihESmqyygWm0eTFpoeAUkp0ib21GBwkIqqWAe26fGaM7lF3eErbjEksxixpV653LR0k_Ht8lfUazxcf09MxeH6X4KIIbR-i7S0HatMSnqimmmBqfkPiQ6qGsnOFRHVCfvmZKXUwQL4smlVm-27cCLWugvppzPFh400lXpuKC4yI55ZcNQ/s1204/thumbnail_IMG_4629.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1204" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgDHgwbsgS_ihESmqyygWm0eTFpoeAUkp0ib21GBwkIqqWAe26fGaM7lF3eErbjEksxixpV653LR0k_Ht8lfUazxcf09MxeH6X4KIIbR-i7S0HatMSnqimmmBqfkPiQ6qGsnOFRHVCfvmZKXUwQL4smlVm-27cCLWugvppzPFh400lXpuKC4yI55ZcNQ/w400-h319/thumbnail_IMG_4629.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm Romanian Cavalry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuA9_ia5WITe1GleYswKP0UvLdO3P2B58xMnRCinBx71OQ3Euf7QNY5Te21Rj3pv4eHZZVzWDswCdyP9IhiCfFA8GporDvJNgaPBV1X2fAJAJPukuCaWWfrsFxyWrF_copc9QyuPgIKqvGmNF4p7MNfkhiL2mzXC_sf1pUJBgLmpeZBgI6Sy75ZvkOcw/s1280/thumbnail_IMG_4630.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuA9_ia5WITe1GleYswKP0UvLdO3P2B58xMnRCinBx71OQ3Euf7QNY5Te21Rj3pv4eHZZVzWDswCdyP9IhiCfFA8GporDvJNgaPBV1X2fAJAJPukuCaWWfrsFxyWrF_copc9QyuPgIKqvGmNF4p7MNfkhiL2mzXC_sf1pUJBgLmpeZBgI6Sy75ZvkOcw/w300-h400/thumbnail_IMG_4630.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Converted 28mm Old Glory miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbLIQSHpZ_Q2sVXizkBvEVwtlvb-EfEyadVdqwIaVgnfpWbR7b41EAwy2WCHm1KxY71RO1E4DG4qOWTaml99An_DSm2qAkIS2H0mQHJaH8W_i8rgCJ7HDdaqLkDT9Bty5NWMPjRyH3lnbimPN8i2aWpx5ekDdEh7RqRHs6KWErxkJX2ljpMpAEx-l4UA/s1280/thumbnail_IMG_4631.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbLIQSHpZ_Q2sVXizkBvEVwtlvb-EfEyadVdqwIaVgnfpWbR7b41EAwy2WCHm1KxY71RO1E4DG4qOWTaml99An_DSm2qAkIS2H0mQHJaH8W_i8rgCJ7HDdaqLkDT9Bty5NWMPjRyH3lnbimPN8i2aWpx5ekDdEh7RqRHs6KWErxkJX2ljpMpAEx-l4UA/w300-h400/thumbnail_IMG_4631.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The figures would be perfectly suited to a 15th century Wallachian army under Vlad Tepes. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjprLAFPfqMCwLcWiC4ZP6mi-9xEchaqBqX1tr3WQGX9gJRbqltdnoRu3ThBsMl5JsrIcFm2XSs7pa2aMNTHyA_-7DYHiP4P46JMjAZMXAxRMOHXuDRzr52NsiuiBRyaoieFY0z6YEYVxuQaPNkczh4lG6hcrU0jQ87OhmBAWSvkXORn4EhZGjv_jjBZw/s1280/thumbnail_IMG_4627.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjprLAFPfqMCwLcWiC4ZP6mi-9xEchaqBqX1tr3WQGX9gJRbqltdnoRu3ThBsMl5JsrIcFm2XSs7pa2aMNTHyA_-7DYHiP4P46JMjAZMXAxRMOHXuDRzr52NsiuiBRyaoieFY0z6YEYVxuQaPNkczh4lG6hcrU0jQ87OhmBAWSvkXORn4EhZGjv_jjBZw/w400-h300/thumbnail_IMG_4627.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail of some of the figures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwncT2xGw_k-l2d0Y6TaaKO00cvRR1l6H6590-ypxepxed0PYrNfh5JFvKxnxSsGAmGZsbKB8URehBFIwshxwaG0MPRpG_TaJfN8S38UfUW6SHiPVMBlUz_Q9gkj4GrBdBS6Fl0U2_50vhML11G2cGGedakMvzHDba-hW2PCyf4ORvKrRqD-dVRL1UZw/s1280/thumbnail_IMG_4628.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwncT2xGw_k-l2d0Y6TaaKO00cvRR1l6H6590-ypxepxed0PYrNfh5JFvKxnxSsGAmGZsbKB8URehBFIwshxwaG0MPRpG_TaJfN8S38UfUW6SHiPVMBlUz_Q9gkj4GrBdBS6Fl0U2_50vhML11G2cGGedakMvzHDba-hW2PCyf4ORvKrRqD-dVRL1UZw/w400-h300/thumbnail_IMG_4628.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail of the striped clothing worn by some of them. The captain is a converted figure by the Assault Group whilst the rest are Old Glory miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm9jBdyHCAn9oRGmK_GtZUh0GClcYQuq-8ACZg6-5RfDFz0CmvXleIvxPGB6pcSUVTTtU4p9MX9Z6t4LEaaOkqt2riLMuqukBfr98PzHeSmIk5Up2yUNW1IEdCLe4y8dcwn0zUIsteBH_3z4t_8X491xdXZvGQkbhJNOXnH3JYYYIGKu42LNdGaaeXSg/s1280/thumbnail_IMG_4634.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm9jBdyHCAn9oRGmK_GtZUh0GClcYQuq-8ACZg6-5RfDFz0CmvXleIvxPGB6pcSUVTTtU4p9MX9Z6t4LEaaOkqt2riLMuqukBfr98PzHeSmIk5Up2yUNW1IEdCLe4y8dcwn0zUIsteBH_3z4t_8X491xdXZvGQkbhJNOXnH3JYYYIGKu42LNdGaaeXSg/w400-h300/thumbnail_IMG_4634.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The standard bearer is in a particularly fine purple coat.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIlnATFOpCopDvLPr1TSSAy9tfjrHJR5joxgxQMj3g4RYvTnkldOigwDq02-WRJG1RG1C0i2M58MN53u-aWckMhmQsjMlUHnUoKMJoBW-f57Wd0i34sPSbYpRGPenLmXqxt2IMDSVAvsIaQhj6rjGMV_OY1w71YSPCKjVtBgYGrM2eCKcNR6hTgiiOWQ/s3532/xP1110389.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2212" data-original-width="3532" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIlnATFOpCopDvLPr1TSSAy9tfjrHJR5joxgxQMj3g4RYvTnkldOigwDq02-WRJG1RG1C0i2M58MN53u-aWckMhmQsjMlUHnUoKMJoBW-f57Wd0i34sPSbYpRGPenLmXqxt2IMDSVAvsIaQhj6rjGMV_OY1w71YSPCKjVtBgYGrM2eCKcNR6hTgiiOWQ/w400-h250/xP1110389.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the unit from behind.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIQebNaienfjBcyzc9gtnAEc9br_YtPfWs5t5smb5zcnDDWIgf-qawYV26E_uOLdatRtN3xshnJ0lQ9GLmp4cmqOEoKDq4i3cALG6Pwxq6oZHOmYllLxMfh9GpPsSTRTYTpqLAa5AXMDkIZ1Pe0cseut_71hAUH_8G7H2IQN-DSS4hQtuvYukMdoP6Bw/s3676/xP1110407.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2676" data-original-width="3676" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIQebNaienfjBcyzc9gtnAEc9br_YtPfWs5t5smb5zcnDDWIgf-qawYV26E_uOLdatRtN3xshnJ0lQ9GLmp4cmqOEoKDq4i3cALG6Pwxq6oZHOmYllLxMfh9GpPsSTRTYTpqLAa5AXMDkIZ1Pe0cseut_71hAUH_8G7H2IQN-DSS4hQtuvYukMdoP6Bw/w400-h291/xP1110407.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">And finally an image of the calarasi with a unit of more generic Balkan calvary behind them. Most of the figures in the calarasi unit were converted from the Old Glory Balkan cavalry miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p></div></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-71255270593944860732023-05-15T12:06:00.001-07:002023-05-15T12:08:55.570-07:00"entendyn to bryng gunnepouder and other necessaries to the toune of Moutdedier", the Siege of Montdidier and Suffolk's 1523 French campaign<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR0teIHwaGHSMsUhl30VIzXv4Dd2kseCznXD-2QjJk5wsXTyMzOHlu4uInZy9pgxohMBd4kLRV3-D2D3QCrhjBIaitPr5B6kkpG6920B9LIJij1MEBqX_cGYFAgbOklJ30_VCxNGOu4z-gPMQVBV9edkTBVYfsBQ7Nmlgq6X9--YTnGi9cB-nMz0-nbw/s1280/1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="981" data-original-width="1280" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR0teIHwaGHSMsUhl30VIzXv4Dd2kseCznXD-2QjJk5wsXTyMzOHlu4uInZy9pgxohMBd4kLRV3-D2D3QCrhjBIaitPr5B6kkpG6920B9LIJij1MEBqX_cGYFAgbOklJ30_VCxNGOu4z-gPMQVBV9edkTBVYfsBQ7Nmlgq6X9--YTnGi9cB-nMz0-nbw/w400-h306/1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>It's been two gaming weekends in a row here with Stuart visiting this weekend. Having focused on the Scots a lot in our recent games we decided to play two scenarios following on from our "Assault on Bray" games of 2019, <div><a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2019/12/the-assault-on-bray-1523.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2019/12/the-assault-on-bray-1523.html</a>. We wanted to get Stuart's French and English armies on the tabletop and include his newly painted unit of landsknecht, <a href="https://stuartsworkbench.blogspot.com/2023/05/landsknecht-pike.html">https://stuartsworkbench.blogspot.com/2023/05/landsknecht-pike.html</a>.<div><br /></div><div><div><u>The Siege of Montdidier</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div><div>The Summer of 1523 had seen Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, land at Calais with an English army of around 9,000 men. Here they were joined in September by Imperial Allies under Floris van Egmont, the Count of Buren, in command of 500 Burgundian horse and 3,000 landsknecht. With the main French force occupied in the south the Anglo-Imperial force marched into France storming Bray, <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2019/12/the-assault-on-bray-1523.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2019/12/the-assault-on-bray-1523.html</a>, and forcing Roye to surrender. The highlight of the campaign for the English was the surrender of the French town of Montdidier. Following a bombardment by the English guns Montdidier's captain made terms on the 28 October, his garrison of 2,000 departing from the town. Prior to this surrender local French forces attempted to relieve the town as described in Hall's Chronicle:<br /><br /></div><div><i>"The lorde Pountdormy, or Pountreny hearyng Mountdedyer was besieged, called to him divers great lordes & capitaines to the nomber of. v. C. menne of armes and dimy launces, and a great nomber of fotemen, entendyn to bryng gunnepouder and other necessaries to the toune of Moutdedier, & as they were thither comyng by night, Thomas Palmer, capitin of the skout watche of thenglishe army them askried and skyrmished with them although they wer more in nomber: manfully fought the Frenchemen, but for all that they were compelled to flee backe and then Englishemen them folowed and slewe divers, and two speres were broken on the brother of lorde Pountdorny, but by the swyftnes of his horse he saved himselfe, and in this chase were C. prisoners taken whiche muche rejoysed the Englishmen."</i></div><div><br /></div><div>Whether it was as large a skirmish as Hall describes is hard to tell. The Welsh soldier Ellis Gruffyd, in his account of the campaign, simply states "<i>they came to Montdidier near which the English horsemen took some of the French horsemen prisoner</i>". A further anonymous account from a journal of the campaign states that "<i>upon Saynt Symond Daye and Jude Eve, before the ost ther was takyn l. men of armes, l. demylawnces and l. pages comyng to the towne with gonne powder, and ther was not one of them that eskaped, but the captayne, and yet he had ii. staves broken upon hym, but his horse was so good that he bare hym clere away"</i>.</div><div><br /></div><div>Following the surrender of Montdidier the situation deteriorated for Suffolk and his Anglo-Imperial army. The main French war effort had been focused on the Duke of Bourbon who had betrayed his king, Francis I, and allied with Charles V. Bourbon's landsknecht had been defeated by Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, and the treacherous Bourbon had been forced to withdraw. Learning of this Suffolk understood that he could not continue to campaign into the winter with the forces at his disposal. On the retreat Suffolk conducted raids into Santerre and Vermandois capturing Nesle and Bohain. Elis Gruffydd describes an event outside the gates of Saint-Quentin which occurred during the retreat:</div><div><br /></div><div><i>"The host stayed in and around this place (</i>Cateau Cambresis<i>) and the next morning they marched towards the town of Saint Quentin which belongs to France, from which a certain number of men in harness emerged to skirmish with the Englishmen. The latter in order to begin the play rode along the wall of the city and past the bailies of the gate in order to entice them out to the field away from the town so that some of the English and Burgundian horsemen who were waiting in ambush to see what the French soldiers would do, whether come out of the town or not, could take them in the flank as they were coming past the town. This they would have done if there had been enough time for as soon as the horsemen of the rearward heard that some of the horsemen from the town had come out to skirmish and that the English archers were not able to stand against them they ran backwards fast which the French espied, and since they had not come far enough from the fortress for the Burgundians to break from their ambush and strike at them the plans of the Burgundians failed for which they blamed the Englishmen."</i><br /><br /></div><div>Henry VIII flew into a fury over Suffolk's withdrawal and ordered him to remain in the field. With the weather already becoming bitterly cold the army had begun to disband with troops seeking passage back to England via Antwerp, Nieuwpoort and Sluis. By December Suffolk had reached Calais from where he returned to England to face Henry's wrath. Luckily he was a favourite of Henry's as well as his brother-in-law and as such survived the debacle. He would be one of the principle commanders when Henry himself returned to France in the 1544 campaign.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieBsjJAY2dasx4-1ORvpknDtG3Lw_X3fGHftzT_HS5xU-hZxqb2kpEpfqJFsnLt1KlfcrVgNc6-b0EvPH6zHPNF5MqfFlUNpX-WUSEjjyhizq3P1419DcekN9Kvj2PwFfwRTEC27UFmWj1fuRAqgoH0ZtmBHOY2rTiJJY2i3YOGcwDzKHUJKUqC1s4MQ/s4544/P1120281.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3376" data-original-width="4544" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieBsjJAY2dasx4-1ORvpknDtG3Lw_X3fGHftzT_HS5xU-hZxqb2kpEpfqJFsnLt1KlfcrVgNc6-b0EvPH6zHPNF5MqfFlUNpX-WUSEjjyhizq3P1419DcekN9Kvj2PwFfwRTEC27UFmWj1fuRAqgoH0ZtmBHOY2rTiJJY2i3YOGcwDzKHUJKUqC1s4MQ/w400-h297/P1120281.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The table set up - The walls of Montdidier are in the background with Thomas Palmer and the "<i>skout watche of thenglishe army</i>" in the centre of the table. In the foreground is the Lord of Pont-Remy and the French relief force. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4ztg26QjZnfsLaG7Urc-MqETiRd2c0labaiC7QLc_9yUoEIukwJXagsN6t4FaNwvYQk44WDq0ACPwr5fPQYMiFU4of47HE3R9dm8GgMgJNbGas4HGGZ0zsi6NmVjBxTvv5psjpl-VjGARwNMZkHPl2ajYLH_zhnBoq3ziDJyMF67_o7X0WmmORNRPXQ/s2312/P1120295.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1716" data-original-width="2312" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4ztg26QjZnfsLaG7Urc-MqETiRd2c0labaiC7QLc_9yUoEIukwJXagsN6t4FaNwvYQk44WDq0ACPwr5fPQYMiFU4of47HE3R9dm8GgMgJNbGas4HGGZ0zsi6NmVjBxTvv5psjpl-VjGARwNMZkHPl2ajYLH_zhnBoq3ziDJyMF67_o7X0WmmORNRPXQ/w400-h297/P1120295.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Captain Thomas Palmer and the scout watch hear the French relief force heading towards Montdidier in the night.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>We played two scenarios based on the events described in the accounts above. As always both games were played using our Renaissance Rampant rules. Stuart took command of the English in both with myself captaining the French.<br /><br /><u style="font-style: italic;">"entendyn to bryng gunnepouder and other necessaries to the toune of Moutdedier"</u><br /><br /></div><div>Our first scenario represented the Lord of Pont-Remy's attempted relief of Montdidier and was played longways along the table with the French starting at one end and attempting to reach the ditch of Montdidier with the "<i>gunnepouder and other necessaries</i>". The English aim was to stop them.<br /><br /></div><div><u>Deployment</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The French force deployed up to 6" from their table edge whilst Captain Thomas Palmer and his "<i>skout watche</i>" deployed in the centre of the table (see the full table photo above). The French took the first turn.</div><div><br /></div><div>The turn after the first missile or combat clash between the French and the Scouts the rest of the English force could attempt to arrive from the English half of the table (this was from the ditch up to the middle of the table where the Scouts were initially deployed) however once the English player had decided a unit was arriving the side of the table they arrived from was randomly rolled for. This was to represent the chaos of more troops arriving from the English camp during the night attack.</div><div><br /></div><div>The remainder of the English force could only enter the table via a move activation and could not shoot, attack or skirmish when first arriving.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Night Rules</u></div><div><br /></div><div>As this attack took place at night the following rules applied.</div><div><br /></div><div>All missile attack ranges were halved - modifiers applied at normal range however.</div><div>The range for adding the Retinue Leader's +1 modifier to morale checks was halved to 6".</div><div>Wild Charge distances were halved - although units could still charge their normal full move if they wished to.<br /><br /></div><div><u>Victory Conditions</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Victory was based on victory points these being awarded as follows:</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Lord of Pont-Remy's French relief force</u></div><div><br /></div><div>2 Points for every unit that reached the ditch</div><div>1 Point for every unit that subsequently exited the table - from any side - once it had reached the ditch</div><div>3 Points if Captain Thomas Palmer was killed or routed</div><div>1 Point for every English unit killed or routed</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Captain Thomas Palmer's "<i>skout watche</i>" </u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 point for every French unit killed or routed</div><div>3 points it no French units reached the ditch</div><div>3 points if the Lord of Pont-Remy was killed or routed</div><div>2 points if the Lord of Pont-Remy's brother was killed or routed</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Forces<br /><br /></u></div><div><u>The Lord of Pont-Remy's French relief force</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (The Lord of Pont-Remy Retinue Leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (The Lord of Pont-Remy's brother, another member of the de Crequy family)</div><div>2 Units of Men at Arms</div><div>1 Unit of Ordonnance Archers Lance</div><div>1 Unit of Ordonnance Archers Bow</div><div>1 Unit of Franc Archer Foot </div><div>1 Unit of Picard Pike </div><div>1 Unit of Aventuriers</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Captain Thomas Palmer's "<i>skout watche</i>" </u></div><div><br /></div><div>The Scout force that started on the table:<br /><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Demi-lancers (Captain Thomas Palmer Retinue Leader) </div><div>2 Units of Mounted Archers</div><div><br /></div><div>The English forces that could join after contact was made:</div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht </div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Arquebusiers </div><div>1 Unit of Kings Spears </div><div>1 Unit of Shire Longbowmen </div><div>1 Unit of Border Horse </div><div>1 Unit of Demi-lancers </div><div><br /></div><div>A brief description of the action follows and the photo captions are a good way to follow the game.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRN3n159KoU56sHGFLhedRieEoUIGcw8ajg5t-0eM-JcNdJuhB9zqEBg1_XhS1CXzI12G1iFUSvpnl-lxozzyLNj-RHD87V3-vUQBGiG443ZhBIe0nmQk7njSgZOM7I4Tr6F60M2NX_D-ul_ddks3WscW-xvvQGyz-AyjpJ6rVzZ04OEAyHRWDoUuBpQ/s1280/P1120323.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRN3n159KoU56sHGFLhedRieEoUIGcw8ajg5t-0eM-JcNdJuhB9zqEBg1_XhS1CXzI12G1iFUSvpnl-lxozzyLNj-RHD87V3-vUQBGiG443ZhBIe0nmQk7njSgZOM7I4Tr6F60M2NX_D-ul_ddks3WscW-xvvQGyz-AyjpJ6rVzZ04OEAyHRWDoUuBpQ/w400-h300/P1120323.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the darkness the English mounted archers from the scout watch dismount, listening for any movement.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_mQL2Bj-BjbKAm3553Y7b9IiXwK6sV_mMN3fie0nrEO0CvZc49Cue7RDhMC1tLxfPVc3KcahoGoSbD6l1o6RQ9Izog6KylVol5JbErgYa83i_mXni4XxEFt9fpPwfE4j5hPgrIIku_n9DMDgtA0Ju9Y2Pu9eKzUKzfyCNQSA7Isn0w3evqbjolqpocQ/s1280/P1120324.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_mQL2Bj-BjbKAm3553Y7b9IiXwK6sV_mMN3fie0nrEO0CvZc49Cue7RDhMC1tLxfPVc3KcahoGoSbD6l1o6RQ9Izog6KylVol5JbErgYa83i_mXni4XxEFt9fpPwfE4j5hPgrIIku_n9DMDgtA0Ju9Y2Pu9eKzUKzfyCNQSA7Isn0w3evqbjolqpocQ/w400-h300/P1120324.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sensing danger in the dark Captain Thomas Palmer charges ahead and drives off a force of French mounted archers... </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf8t0jPB6n1wDYM_-JreQdfaBUl_FARnpao6fY_qxEu0EWXP0BBZB7E7usy3Srrsha7vOyiMjoMTYCKHA1S4tK7-yXOQQVkv5zPxkRgJY4GA2veoglMNDRnqwa7VOv7fvGLW3CS8cLEgjjG54IPPZUaCKgIGAfAWGIUEFleo7GaemgTC1RFRXReqDPgA/s3576/P1120340.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3576" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf8t0jPB6n1wDYM_-JreQdfaBUl_FARnpao6fY_qxEu0EWXP0BBZB7E7usy3Srrsha7vOyiMjoMTYCKHA1S4tK7-yXOQQVkv5zPxkRgJY4GA2veoglMNDRnqwa7VOv7fvGLW3CS8cLEgjjG54IPPZUaCKgIGAfAWGIUEFleo7GaemgTC1RFRXReqDPgA/w400-h386/P1120340.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...only to then be caught himself by a force of Gendarmes under the Lord of Pont-Remy's brother. Palmer is slain.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYrrrBHwcuf0utiSEBUQTaH1-N6myVMB15hmy2aB5a9XQEPl3Cjlw8OcT6ujzvI4B1Cq7kXpwzt-sqkq9bpNHcB6GXdQSwYyVXsKI1pgi6YfgmcaotiDccKGMwbtVnkYWrY0epPX5Bvx4W9PAKWlCBLdFr3VA_serukQdkgGJOIZAGY-2-ws_ggDxiXw/s3852/P1120371.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2420" data-original-width="3852" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYrrrBHwcuf0utiSEBUQTaH1-N6myVMB15hmy2aB5a9XQEPl3Cjlw8OcT6ujzvI4B1Cq7kXpwzt-sqkq9bpNHcB6GXdQSwYyVXsKI1pgi6YfgmcaotiDccKGMwbtVnkYWrY0epPX5Bvx4W9PAKWlCBLdFr3VA_serukQdkgGJOIZAGY-2-ws_ggDxiXw/w400-h251/P1120371.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pont-Remy's brother is then attacked by a force of border horse who have heard the disturbance from the English camp and ridden to the aid of the scout watch.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUnMqd0TlUIvt-V-ASEqX4YnbuI7AnIAE1woh9Okt0P0HpOUIuqTaO-KyqAd885ZMudHftw3aNFTuJ_lB95qVKf_b30apIE5bFwLuuYGxGJoO1HPoSDO8YMU4Ns2lXoOizGDrWY0HgxOQ2yyZDcVEefF6OpJKy3q3b9OoJaCJxbfT05r24PXbtKxWf0Q/s3212/P1120381.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="3212" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUnMqd0TlUIvt-V-ASEqX4YnbuI7AnIAE1woh9Okt0P0HpOUIuqTaO-KyqAd885ZMudHftw3aNFTuJ_lB95qVKf_b30apIE5bFwLuuYGxGJoO1HPoSDO8YMU4Ns2lXoOizGDrWY0HgxOQ2yyZDcVEefF6OpJKy3q3b9OoJaCJxbfT05r24PXbtKxWf0Q/w400-h255/P1120381.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">More demi-lancers arrive from the English camp and Pont-Remy's brother is killed in the cavalry battle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE6RV5KP5VKMZ0OO-zqPOhNd-HQmR_QiqAFh_t6Icp5WKqd6UJ7gp2prFlRfhf8wMTx9wS4Q7qt_ZUOpmKWHF-3v0_hS0m1XeRez5Ctq46efO_4NLr8iHgdWyIBoJToWfV3wmChiZT6NSQMhPN7n55Uj0J0v4nRfN5yQrWnAPU427oZV7qxTPMs4myng/s3496/P1120397.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3496" data-original-width="1748" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE6RV5KP5VKMZ0OO-zqPOhNd-HQmR_QiqAFh_t6Icp5WKqd6UJ7gp2prFlRfhf8wMTx9wS4Q7qt_ZUOpmKWHF-3v0_hS0m1XeRez5Ctq46efO_4NLr8iHgdWyIBoJToWfV3wmChiZT6NSQMhPN7n55Uj0J0v4nRfN5yQrWnAPU427oZV7qxTPMs4myng/w200-h400/P1120397.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view down the field as more English and Imperial units arrive and attempt to stop the French from reaching the walls of Montdidier.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Hearing sounds in the darkness Captain Thomas Palmer and his men rode to investigate. The mounted archers flanked their captain, holding slightly back, whilst Palmer and his demi-lancers advanced into the night. Discovering a unit of mounted French archers Palmer charged his demi-lancers into them, driving them back, only for Palmer himself to be charged by one of the de Crequy family leading a force of gendarmes. His scouts had unwittingly advanced into an oncoming French relief force and the unfortunate Palmer was slain.<br /><br />The noise caused by the fighting roused the English encamped before Montdidier. English and landsknecht troops headed towards the shouts and cries in the dark. Flushed with success the Lord of <span style="text-align: center;">Pont-Remy's brother led his men onwards towards the walls where he was caught off guard by some border horse and another unit of demi-lancers arriving to support the scout watch. Pont-Remy's brother was unhorsed and killed by the English.</span><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD6wK5ySpTPtE0Zhi4xyvR9Gkr0mQYn14rsGCoIR-Yk9a99DDEfpA6a5_d6UA1VpY-RznI1u8j88EXkxAeE1vUL2E82g08DgpogsbIUdDHtHrykt1mw989Qms0P-Vmi4UVsI1dtAeLZN_z7ueU9OD9Mh_CzPB_yU_gofsRTtg-cVEbQCAop1AQVAKE1g/s3940/P1120406.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2492" data-original-width="3940" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD6wK5ySpTPtE0Zhi4xyvR9Gkr0mQYn14rsGCoIR-Yk9a99DDEfpA6a5_d6UA1VpY-RznI1u8j88EXkxAeE1vUL2E82g08DgpogsbIUdDHtHrykt1mw989Qms0P-Vmi4UVsI1dtAeLZN_z7ueU9OD9Mh_CzPB_yU_gofsRTtg-cVEbQCAop1AQVAKE1g/w400-h253/P1120406.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The main part of the French relief force under the Lord of Pont-Remy, a member of the de Crequy family, are yet to engage...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh-PMuRyqHb8l75M8dOJVrLBghTo6EipHkQAdE64-RuzM6hU7W8VmrJSocjwgPDSVz97yR5VN7qdnYf3TRQiB_mZAM0pzX67ysTHpDLExd3doc-qi2B9IpQBIkctuLZUhEDj4pPfcKvPw2HpkIwIb5tKqrWILY-4236yCoOHoPMwi8drp9_75hfK69Ag/s1280/P1120416.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="746" data-original-width="1280" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh-PMuRyqHb8l75M8dOJVrLBghTo6EipHkQAdE64-RuzM6hU7W8VmrJSocjwgPDSVz97yR5VN7qdnYf3TRQiB_mZAM0pzX67ysTHpDLExd3doc-qi2B9IpQBIkctuLZUhEDj4pPfcKvPw2HpkIwIb5tKqrWILY-4236yCoOHoPMwi8drp9_75hfK69Ag/w400-h234/P1120416.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but a fight develops in the dark as the English and Imperialists block the path of the oncoming relief column.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJKrOPDsNlooLr63ucDRTmqPj7iRwQY_vsqxhdjYp6mgfQq0r5hf0fo9DzZLqKFFYoxMq_KhddIQnTlInSK48DnQiVOF8VYxzaKOGrODLjRDPq2HRRHQsPKSHWNMWB7kzygfx3hgJzAauk8nAZcJciZ30JJdjBYhgWdChvjf8RxgWEuj60qZpujVN-fQ/s3980/P1120419.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3980" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJKrOPDsNlooLr63ucDRTmqPj7iRwQY_vsqxhdjYp6mgfQq0r5hf0fo9DzZLqKFFYoxMq_KhddIQnTlInSK48DnQiVOF8VYxzaKOGrODLjRDPq2HRRHQsPKSHWNMWB7kzygfx3hgJzAauk8nAZcJciZ30JJdjBYhgWdChvjf8RxgWEuj60qZpujVN-fQ/w400-h348/P1120419.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A force of Stradiots has joined the French as reinforcements. They combine with the French heavy cavalry to drive off some of the Count of Buren's landsknecht.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYlkUC1131MXUm38PBdChO6Uxj3igjj1G9QE30pfGZzRPrSmxBIyL09TEGzYhNaNCxqu6BkOVAHUa5_fXTANC2cMIpDC55-o4B2bSjz5bXAGtEfud1AhMP0syIlN4kolVZZZxndt1l4sPZCXnYL6janUJCgspEwAXYvVsgDDeYsv0WypjFok5MhBHI-Q/s1280/P1120440.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYlkUC1131MXUm38PBdChO6Uxj3igjj1G9QE30pfGZzRPrSmxBIyL09TEGzYhNaNCxqu6BkOVAHUa5_fXTANC2cMIpDC55-o4B2bSjz5bXAGtEfud1AhMP0syIlN4kolVZZZxndt1l4sPZCXnYL6janUJCgspEwAXYvVsgDDeYsv0WypjFok5MhBHI-Q/w400-h300/P1120440.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pont-Remy has <i>"staves broken upon hym" </i>as he clashes with English knights but he manages to push through them...</td></tr></tbody></table><br />More English and Imperialist units arrived in front of the French relief force and a melee began with landsknecht pike and shot attempting to force the attackers back. The French routed the landsknecht whilst Pont-Remy himself took on a group of English knights who had ridden into the fray. His gendarmes pushed through them allowing his less heavily armed men at arms and lancers to reach the town ditch. Here the French dropped off gunpowder and other supplies for Montdidier's garrison before disappearing into the night, their mission accomplished.</div><div><br /></div><div>It was not such an easy escape for all of the French. Keen to seek revenge for the death of their captain the mounted archers of the scout watched tracked Pont-Remy and captured him before he could make good his getaway. The French relief column had been followed by a unit of local militia infantry. Being abandoned by their cavalry these troops were also caught by the vengeful English archers and killed as they tried to flee.<br /><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg52FZpGaaMsYUr4EPGNcgQIxCYFgPpGfsYm5Uk3sncg81IJ7B9X2MmqSQOJ9qPXlOGaV79QYHA0_HtBcRu9VFwBBbN8buEwhqUx3GCj6-io-o8au2l2dEgJU3EE4tkEPmtBw__inXM-LAT7TIRETkDc71n2xLpICJkJ6Y8RDT-M4XdjdUOzx-H7RgWwQ/s3124/P1120447.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2020" data-original-width="3124" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg52FZpGaaMsYUr4EPGNcgQIxCYFgPpGfsYm5Uk3sncg81IJ7B9X2MmqSQOJ9qPXlOGaV79QYHA0_HtBcRu9VFwBBbN8buEwhqUx3GCj6-io-o8au2l2dEgJU3EE4tkEPmtBw__inXM-LAT7TIRETkDc71n2xLpICJkJ6Y8RDT-M4XdjdUOzx-H7RgWwQ/w400-h259/P1120447.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...some of the relief force reach the ditch of Montdidier and are able to drop off the <i>"gunnepouder and other necessaries" </i> they were carrying to supply Montdidier's garrison.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ9yLfjBsoxX-IkfmlgjCQavCNZJakEKW7Zb0fE0fGBWyAQKihndKOgJHkpI3SLYpSHmJgI7Y8lId4OJaOL96DFqvUV9Rxu0H1VPSretAawFnk4Li4UiEw3Wx1bz3YoEzLbgz8GMBYC5-UZGWIjX1ITxo2Twoq2B6k6eQeaTkH2BXyOqtOWF2TWISg6A/s2608/P1120453.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2608" data-original-width="2516" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ9yLfjBsoxX-IkfmlgjCQavCNZJakEKW7Zb0fE0fGBWyAQKihndKOgJHkpI3SLYpSHmJgI7Y8lId4OJaOL96DFqvUV9Rxu0H1VPSretAawFnk4Li4UiEw3Wx1bz3YoEzLbgz8GMBYC5-UZGWIjX1ITxo2Twoq2B6k6eQeaTkH2BXyOqtOWF2TWISg6A/w386-h400/P1120453.JPG" width="386" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Lord of Pont-Remy is not safe yet...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR1ZKGk-B7vgtMIhAspm4_7zsGPTLQj-mMD6fq7IULJYCl12xK7QTFDE9ErDTyaVS4AU2juLWgK0iu93kIu5-HPeSrSb6VRqGcjXqEJ18L6q0b0kBl9K2W_KimNy29ek-JsS_4C9uEjhpVdLN5P0O_eyO8TXDe_Uajd37JB5E5B1dSgESarJ7SaBvGBg/s4176/P1120457.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3332" data-original-width="4176" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR1ZKGk-B7vgtMIhAspm4_7zsGPTLQj-mMD6fq7IULJYCl12xK7QTFDE9ErDTyaVS4AU2juLWgK0iu93kIu5-HPeSrSb6VRqGcjXqEJ18L6q0b0kBl9K2W_KimNy29ek-JsS_4C9uEjhpVdLN5P0O_eyO8TXDe_Uajd37JB5E5B1dSgESarJ7SaBvGBg/w400-h319/P1120457.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">..he is pursued by some of the English archers who capture him before he can escape.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFtsthMEoO_fOSCC5V1ErOiu3odkhKBVTDbcKT1afcftru5cCOJ71WkRpYr5GItt7c8cVAQquPIhxCeFqqddrR3a5GstoKm4yDnXEhO0-oSVZGT6Wpn0hVN7w7Hy5fLfzmluuxAeWji7MKmnHHKI_SLKH0NJ7MnYf6TAMxXmXUVnK2ToK_uC7nU4aepA/s3536/P1120464.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2856" data-original-width="3536" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFtsthMEoO_fOSCC5V1ErOiu3odkhKBVTDbcKT1afcftru5cCOJ71WkRpYr5GItt7c8cVAQquPIhxCeFqqddrR3a5GstoKm4yDnXEhO0-oSVZGT6Wpn0hVN7w7Hy5fLfzmluuxAeWji7MKmnHHKI_SLKH0NJ7MnYf6TAMxXmXUVnK2ToK_uC7nU4aepA/w400-h323/P1120464.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The French horse have all ridden off after bringing supplies to the town. A force of local French levies has been left behind and is picked off by some of the English archers. The French have provided succour to Montdidier but it has not been without cost.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Q7eBAtgBWizxmlQigc-OIlUxkI_9w9GixpqLE3kiOtK792FKxK910XFozPHnvlU--kB0nfMqBGzvWKytXc3em7wijkcvFBOSsCMSt3WJgS0TCRa_qlFVgKV_uqKOEKUWAQaIm7rgRw0rXo7403yLRjpLEfz_aOTrGuzIPZ5d8a3_hmKgiJZOUKnAeA/s3052/P1120472.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3052" data-original-width="3032" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Q7eBAtgBWizxmlQigc-OIlUxkI_9w9GixpqLE3kiOtK792FKxK910XFozPHnvlU--kB0nfMqBGzvWKytXc3em7wijkcvFBOSsCMSt3WJgS0TCRa_qlFVgKV_uqKOEKUWAQaIm7rgRw0rXo7403yLRjpLEfz_aOTrGuzIPZ5d8a3_hmKgiJZOUKnAeA/w398-h400/P1120472.JPG" width="398" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The walls of Saint-Quentin with a Burgundian and English ambushing force waiting close to the town gate. The gate is visible in the top right of the photo whilst the English attempting to lure the garrison out will arrive from the table edge at the top of the photo.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div><u>"<i>in order to begin the play</i>" the attempted ambush outside Saint-Quentin</u></div><div><br /></div><div>We based our second game on Elis Gruffydd's account, quoted above, of the English and Burgundian attempt to lure the horsemen from Saint-Quentin and ambush them. This game was played along the walls of Saint-Quentin. A force of mounted English would attempt to draw the French garrison out of the town gate and into battle.<br /><br /></div><div>The walls of St Quentin with a gateway were set up along one long table edge. The only figures to start on the table were the ambushing force (see the photo above).</div><div><br /></div><div>The English force attempting to tempt out the French would arrive from the other side of the table (the top of the photo above). The game started with them entering the table from this deployment area. They could enter via a move activation and could not shoot, attack or skirmish when first arriving.</div><div><br /></div><div>Once at least one unit of this English force had entered the French could deploy from the gate. They could enter via a move activation and could not shoot, attack or skirmish when first arriving.</div><div><br /></div><div>The English player could decide when to spring the ambushing force by activating one of the ambushing units. Once this was done the French player could gain victory points by re-entering the gates. If a French unit got close enough to the ambushing force to shoot at or attack it then the ambush was to have been considered spotted and thus sprung as well.</div><div><br /></div><div>The French forces could only attempt to go back through the gate once the ambushing force had launched.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Victory Conditions</u> </div><div><br /></div><div>As with our first scenario this was based on victory points awarded as follows:</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The French</u></div><div><br /></div><div>2 Points for every unit of the English force attempting to tempt them out that was killed or routed. They got no points for killing units in the ambushing force</div><div>2 Points if the English Retinue Leader was killed or routed</div><div>1 Point for every unit that was out of the gate when the ambush was sprung that got back through the gate once the ambushing force was launched or spotted</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The English</u></div><div><br /></div><div>3 Points for every unit from the force attempting to tempt the French out that managed to move into base to base contact with the city gate</div><div>1 Point for every French unit killed or routed</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Forces</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The English</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The force riding along the walls:</div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Kings Spears (Retinue Leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Demi-lancers</div><div>1 Unit of Border Horse</div><div>2 Units of Mounted Archers</div><div><br /></div><div>The Ambushing Force:</div><div><br /></div><div>2 Units of Burgundian Men At Arms </div><div>1 Unit of Demi-lancers</div><div>1 Unit of Border Horse </div><div>1 Unit of Shire Archers </div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Pike </div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Defenders of Saint-Quentin</u></div><div><br /></div><div>2 Units of Gendarmes (One unit is the Retinue Leader) </div><div>2 Units of Men at Arms </div><div>2 Units of Ordonnance Archers Lance</div><div>1 Unit of Ordonnance Archers Bow</div><div>2 Units of Mounted Crossbowmen</div><div>1 Unit of Aventuriers</div><div>1 Unit of Picard Pike</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz0swSkuFUoSQCdyvpiG3XLZZLyLaKpaEWnQ-LQAgLqqICeKlcq6ogXeUsafkXXkGZ8yy8_lCzBjVAC6yYz86OBPYYc5-8rd0-f7z36nPAxwAStyoA8wN_Lezw98kDhBMiQ0m2d6E_0t2DO-_wqI2CebZnvYF0tzyM_90etTA-SAOvNXOfukc-QLjt-w/s1280/P1120489.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz0swSkuFUoSQCdyvpiG3XLZZLyLaKpaEWnQ-LQAgLqqICeKlcq6ogXeUsafkXXkGZ8yy8_lCzBjVAC6yYz86OBPYYc5-8rd0-f7z36nPAxwAStyoA8wN_Lezw98kDhBMiQ0m2d6E_0t2DO-_wqI2CebZnvYF0tzyM_90etTA-SAOvNXOfukc-QLjt-w/w400-h300/P1120489.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Seeing a small force of English horse riding along the walls troops from the garrison of Saint-Quentin leave the safety of the town to attack the Englishmen.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWus4mjxMHwG2jEUyibMt0OPp14Br9Q20qxKHLuAkhntI-4BKofU46osXwHPZY0AuvJ6v0SfB8JfS-GLnfPlv-A-W7v-v33y1LPFdWSp0RLV5C1wf92zACwccaWEFni447JG1CwruktEe97nFzkLNKb3Ea074dIBIinG2JGGITSTFsFuOuVOzotAFlrQ/s4244/P1120497.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2592" data-original-width="4244" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWus4mjxMHwG2jEUyibMt0OPp14Br9Q20qxKHLuAkhntI-4BKofU46osXwHPZY0AuvJ6v0SfB8JfS-GLnfPlv-A-W7v-v33y1LPFdWSp0RLV5C1wf92zACwccaWEFni447JG1CwruktEe97nFzkLNKb3Ea074dIBIinG2JGGITSTFsFuOuVOzotAFlrQ/w400-h244/P1120497.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The small English cavalry force riding "<i>along the wall of the city and past the bailies of the gate in order to entice them out to the field" .</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLdX5-1XP1n0rHH5oKcgYuqkvaEm-NCWk8IexZujKcFF_ty22pgJY0WSxS-Bfoa5Poqbn0LLtAvfnoRT58h5xYC5lo3Gl_50g_gZGVCF5lRln-lnULnt7zc6K3yTLU7KUDnkUBjxicHK8f7HDmtHNFvAKrjkqKdwmpQAnsMrXNK7J57_maI6VmDMPeTg/s2804/P1120503.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1868" data-original-width="2804" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLdX5-1XP1n0rHH5oKcgYuqkvaEm-NCWk8IexZujKcFF_ty22pgJY0WSxS-Bfoa5Poqbn0LLtAvfnoRT58h5xYC5lo3Gl_50g_gZGVCF5lRln-lnULnt7zc6K3yTLU7KUDnkUBjxicHK8f7HDmtHNFvAKrjkqKdwmpQAnsMrXNK7J57_maI6VmDMPeTg/w400-h266/P1120503.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">English border horse skirmish with French men at arms.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj944pnNqLt9Ky7-nTj_J3wgK5iiIfIWS2QAoBo5GBr28Syz5EW6QGGSk4jxNphJNVZMHVcKx4IGJTkd0H5tIOkfzVca7KvNgojdJukiVnVdY6MWHl0i0n51NrTsKm2Ezrvxt9GfQgSH7-eNYFPObYW0j2jNnMSK9WjJ2mOeXGxehFn9tD_m_e5zI0ReA/s3348/P1120512.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2904" data-original-width="3348" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj944pnNqLt9Ky7-nTj_J3wgK5iiIfIWS2QAoBo5GBr28Syz5EW6QGGSk4jxNphJNVZMHVcKx4IGJTkd0H5tIOkfzVca7KvNgojdJukiVnVdY6MWHl0i0n51NrTsKm2Ezrvxt9GfQgSH7-eNYFPObYW0j2jNnMSK9WjJ2mOeXGxehFn9tD_m_e5zI0ReA/w400-h348/P1120512.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">English mounted archers prepare to dismount to support the border horse and mounted knights. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEQuquJwncIPv-Q-ovIio2HSGlX6K2sNQEp1Y-EYlyrRk_YGF1uF64kbKghAz85DPkU-khjOAaSBhT1ndo8U6mxnG6si9XWOuCJgz2pnqf9IovDBkl-lnBqgr1KIznmRJ9HsZkz8uLjcYVrESOSuojL9RhNXufY4o6zs0oD7uBU_KjIaSLWf807tZyOw/s1280/P1120516.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEQuquJwncIPv-Q-ovIio2HSGlX6K2sNQEp1Y-EYlyrRk_YGF1uF64kbKghAz85DPkU-khjOAaSBhT1ndo8U6mxnG6si9XWOuCJgz2pnqf9IovDBkl-lnBqgr1KIznmRJ9HsZkz8uLjcYVrESOSuojL9RhNXufY4o6zs0oD7uBU_KjIaSLWf807tZyOw/w300-h400/P1120516.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The English border horse are defeated by much heavier armoured French gendarmes.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Spotting a small band of English cavalry riding along their walls, calling for them to come out and fight, the garrison of Saint-Quentin armed themselves and opened their gates. They issued out of the town and immediately began skirmishing with the English, pushing back their border horse and charging into the demi-lancers. The small English force was shocked by the fury of the garrison's attack and attempted to escape by riding back along the walls.<br /><br />As the garrison's cavalry gave chase the English waiting in ambush saw their chance and emerged from hiding to cut off the French. The Burgundian heavy horse also lying in wait were more cautious and remained stationary. They would see how things went for their English allies before committing to the attack. <br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNGhHbgVIonsL0cMH3Lxx2hs3ETm6_cyb5bpeFrvuRk44vJBoucK6fNLJu_LZ1IM4cXWOaUOIOLrHwGlUbQvVkUYn9Lfa4j6rCaJ-TsEgEr5dcPm39NpSr3PEMLXwo8W6Egf5xtRY9KCDgF6xx9HCZzflNq8vRYMOzv5dR-Ae5E1ad2pYN9Ze29HfxNA/s4132/P1120520.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3260" data-original-width="4132" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNGhHbgVIonsL0cMH3Lxx2hs3ETm6_cyb5bpeFrvuRk44vJBoucK6fNLJu_LZ1IM4cXWOaUOIOLrHwGlUbQvVkUYn9Lfa4j6rCaJ-TsEgEr5dcPm39NpSr3PEMLXwo8W6Egf5xtRY9KCDgF6xx9HCZzflNq8vRYMOzv5dR-Ae5E1ad2pYN9Ze29HfxNA/w400-h315/P1120520.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Demi-lancers and men at arms clash outside the walls of Saint-Quentin.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifa6kVwcrWbHAqHSZ1CZaCp0yV1EcFEzQ4xE3Tp4K7tJyXuyjd73wBIay74UbC71aEl8qAYxl1yTZXhbeotBGyGnzlz5Q9tILjMjXTIfvKQZr3DixedbaxwMKcNUC0m_S1Ik1mSjnKY7PRQL_ILVup2VdEM7tMhDgnIQ06RrPM-jirFlukV0W7hqPhlQ/s3984/P1120524.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3984" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifa6kVwcrWbHAqHSZ1CZaCp0yV1EcFEzQ4xE3Tp4K7tJyXuyjd73wBIay74UbC71aEl8qAYxl1yTZXhbeotBGyGnzlz5Q9tILjMjXTIfvKQZr3DixedbaxwMKcNUC0m_S1Ik1mSjnKY7PRQL_ILVup2VdEM7tMhDgnIQ06RrPM-jirFlukV0W7hqPhlQ/w400-h348/P1120524.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The mounted archers shoot into the French cavalry from the cover of a hedgerow.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeTMXtpGmz9pNEKlisdqYaZfWiaWwdl-KkVnA2079-1xNKreJR55MHaCKrIGZb1Q3IBXqPvLfBIsEdmFFh6bzV7bL8NuMH90UMzEJDr_6erwB1OqiuW8G7p7qUJV34kj_eWG8jtT9-mSSxNYy3e5jFEYUC7mybGWhk1fF5Q1FadF_8NOZm7VBLOfpXDg/s4413/P1120528.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3309" data-original-width="4413" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeTMXtpGmz9pNEKlisdqYaZfWiaWwdl-KkVnA2079-1xNKreJR55MHaCKrIGZb1Q3IBXqPvLfBIsEdmFFh6bzV7bL8NuMH90UMzEJDr_6erwB1OqiuW8G7p7qUJV34kj_eWG8jtT9-mSSxNYy3e5jFEYUC7mybGWhk1fF5Q1FadF_8NOZm7VBLOfpXDg/w400-h300/P1120528.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The English knights who had ridden along the walls "<i>in order to begin the play</i>" are driven back by the garrison's heavy cavalry... </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwoJ2bcUC28JmR4V7JaqOHEIKQb2HnYB42He__g96P-6oMW5ICgGs5JlRS9BpBYa2gd_m-OwJwEIU1JxV7YfzeSrw0ASYWYzif6oCwy_FWnlRZ4ftkf26RXU2WoZjHscZcWxnZjQctu4JjAiDdUx4TkkgNGDX-X3G3ox-O1ywamjeS05qnOeQ3IykMfg/s3780/P1120535.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3780" data-original-width="2936" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwoJ2bcUC28JmR4V7JaqOHEIKQb2HnYB42He__g96P-6oMW5ICgGs5JlRS9BpBYa2gd_m-OwJwEIU1JxV7YfzeSrw0ASYWYzif6oCwy_FWnlRZ4ftkf26RXU2WoZjHscZcWxnZjQctu4JjAiDdUx4TkkgNGDX-X3G3ox-O1ywamjeS05qnOeQ3IykMfg/w311-h400/P1120535.JPG" width="311" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and defeated outside the walls of Saint-Quentin.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTJ0CB8AO15_mq7Wh9_Fk6-QnMWC6qaggS9fT0-2wq5sbPx_EeXyXSIfJBXvsGVVT9tgzs82tDbUGFzJO83A2zzaVL_3sn75G4LlTdK1AXwEWocfitcIGAmOhuv4NaKVDKdwhlbSjoq1QJSKmyjmwQ4AosOGSR_elb3b1C7RWhV2Adw0EndwirLPDmPA/s3180/P1120539.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2200" data-original-width="3180" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTJ0CB8AO15_mq7Wh9_Fk6-QnMWC6qaggS9fT0-2wq5sbPx_EeXyXSIfJBXvsGVVT9tgzs82tDbUGFzJO83A2zzaVL_3sn75G4LlTdK1AXwEWocfitcIGAmOhuv4NaKVDKdwhlbSjoq1QJSKmyjmwQ4AosOGSR_elb3b1C7RWhV2Adw0EndwirLPDmPA/w400-h276/P1120539.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Seeing the garrison distracted the English spring the ambush with demi-lancers and border horse charging the gate.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispD9wSQ0nrWaloSsELBTasYt78qppgTPvl1ERCO2MmmTApxog3ZPNN0Uo-YAcKtYTEEuuMLWlmzTuAIYX0NFfYrCOujrVrSDM0y7pFSANisf3idprkoj53iUxkJsnRhK2LAC3kdYa_LGDiizN5Pqw143o54ynJIicGzu2f_WD9Jn2oDkHz4uabbNG-Q/s3132/P1120542.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1940" data-original-width="3132" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispD9wSQ0nrWaloSsELBTasYt78qppgTPvl1ERCO2MmmTApxog3ZPNN0Uo-YAcKtYTEEuuMLWlmzTuAIYX0NFfYrCOujrVrSDM0y7pFSANisf3idprkoj53iUxkJsnRhK2LAC3kdYa_LGDiizN5Pqw143o54ynJIicGzu2f_WD9Jn2oDkHz4uabbNG-Q/w400-h248/P1120542.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The French infantry withdraw back inside the town but the garrison's horse are all still outside the gate...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6nEcwzJINMKFpBt8rV4HxioSXomxxlHlx-3spTytC1anDfwTRS_3CIueGGZsN4qNAq_x_B2kY_S39_Z9YQj6OFmRXw7_iWUmWvJ9EwsCWFCLmHPBkYc2cuC5FDaes94asM7gCFT86leOXbUxiRxKAw3JiQOQKfAoDOPWMUhyXQSIFbBsmIHF09TOloQ/s3536/P1120545.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3088" data-original-width="3536" height="349" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6nEcwzJINMKFpBt8rV4HxioSXomxxlHlx-3spTytC1anDfwTRS_3CIueGGZsN4qNAq_x_B2kY_S39_Z9YQj6OFmRXw7_iWUmWvJ9EwsCWFCLmHPBkYc2cuC5FDaes94asM7gCFT86leOXbUxiRxKAw3JiQOQKfAoDOPWMUhyXQSIFbBsmIHF09TOloQ/w400-h349/P1120545.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...seeing this the demi-lancers and border horse race to the gate to prevent a French retreat to safety.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuukAuqM8DPqgC07LfHVLwuf2VQndQge-0k4aQqDyPul5UzDCGRTW_wtmYcRxjnJKui02JuqBqSUsfZHRKaqss7QMV_DhLEot2-1MiAKIkXe1Gn5DaDzgZ7Wkb7A_wuczTRM49SjcX-OETQMfMsK5vxHOTHK3eHz0hnqY5p8GTGwYR_vM-BmMOljmBkA/s4340/P1120553.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3148" data-original-width="4340" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuukAuqM8DPqgC07LfHVLwuf2VQndQge-0k4aQqDyPul5UzDCGRTW_wtmYcRxjnJKui02JuqBqSUsfZHRKaqss7QMV_DhLEot2-1MiAKIkXe1Gn5DaDzgZ7Wkb7A_wuczTRM49SjcX-OETQMfMsK5vxHOTHK3eHz0hnqY5p8GTGwYR_vM-BmMOljmBkA/w400-h290/P1120553.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table as the ambush is sprung.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_LwwU8vVrfr9-hrVe5KT2haMAd9YV0TXoO0wilQQ5lmYu38ANZq_quwSZPGAvaxfy7vVCXPzeiy5fq_5i9Teg6dWRamjt8D13X3lkffaXc6v6D6mZ4AgNaSfF3YqgRFBeG8dJDAIvhV35qWsBz5MjCAGWR1q7bUCXv-blk_HEsqkE69a1qVBMkyCZWA/s4608/P1120559.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2608" data-original-width="4608" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_LwwU8vVrfr9-hrVe5KT2haMAd9YV0TXoO0wilQQ5lmYu38ANZq_quwSZPGAvaxfy7vVCXPzeiy5fq_5i9Teg6dWRamjt8D13X3lkffaXc6v6D6mZ4AgNaSfF3YqgRFBeG8dJDAIvhV35qWsBz5MjCAGWR1q7bUCXv-blk_HEsqkE69a1qVBMkyCZWA/w400-h226/P1120559.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Burgundians are yet to act - they want to see how the English do before committing to the fight.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg3vP8E9XonNbJWEsGBuerR8Mf8CxD_RvL39eoKEYezK4xSPWAUXgQji10vKFA5gfMcb4ovW6ltZNVNKELb25wBMoabSz-7GrnWEs0VsKYRJp403allsI1Mjv-StKZgcrcdrVkOhEJZDZGzunIchMU38-ISdR3ZLczy0Y8VNb1BtZQEszR2wL5SVu4NA/s3432/P1120568.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="3432" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg3vP8E9XonNbJWEsGBuerR8Mf8CxD_RvL39eoKEYezK4xSPWAUXgQji10vKFA5gfMcb4ovW6ltZNVNKELb25wBMoabSz-7GrnWEs0VsKYRJp403allsI1Mjv-StKZgcrcdrVkOhEJZDZGzunIchMU38-ISdR3ZLczy0Y8VNb1BtZQEszR2wL5SVu4NA/w400-h380/P1120568.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The garrison captain looks on in dismay as much of his cavalry are caught outside the walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYpnlrxFy91Kr2cf_6AwSS5kaus5c9X8ocYX_XjEPoMLRIw6ofxwCBrHfO1crmHZfgDoSaFwFd4fx0PJ-rwIEW5xXoMKfOTltMHAsZgZY6Sc6wJW9tu6dIxIRGtVfDbGpECWk6miPBs6MQ0jagcwJPA6qcEVmEc6k97Zjiyqk6k3wTHrV4uLszTq_1MA/s4608/P1120574.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2356" data-original-width="4608" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYpnlrxFy91Kr2cf_6AwSS5kaus5c9X8ocYX_XjEPoMLRIw6ofxwCBrHfO1crmHZfgDoSaFwFd4fx0PJ-rwIEW5xXoMKfOTltMHAsZgZY6Sc6wJW9tu6dIxIRGtVfDbGpECWk6miPBs6MQ0jagcwJPA6qcEVmEc6k97Zjiyqk6k3wTHrV4uLszTq_1MA/w400-h205/P1120574.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A force of mounted crossbowmen are defeated as they try to get back through the town gate.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQk6iuNx7ft280W-p4EEVLuLTNlGQB9OHLdQfMQasnwaXNgH9Lj4HZO8JYH_FXAc2-32f9F7EF5IshmIy2C_XQchQwVyPT261tyLRB4zlDSbewFVy8zHMnwofIqvYlGuBpgoS6_OxqyQzRvIdOKb1zrtgcksAKs_01QyZBKBttfK9QxvoLsCxzaHGr8g/s3788/P1120578.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3788" height="365" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQk6iuNx7ft280W-p4EEVLuLTNlGQB9OHLdQfMQasnwaXNgH9Lj4HZO8JYH_FXAc2-32f9F7EF5IshmIy2C_XQchQwVyPT261tyLRB4zlDSbewFVy8zHMnwofIqvYlGuBpgoS6_OxqyQzRvIdOKb1zrtgcksAKs_01QyZBKBttfK9QxvoLsCxzaHGr8g/w400-h365/P1120578.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sensing that the heaviest fighting is over the Burgundian heavy horse commit to the ambush and emerge from behind the trees.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQSaU9Xt9I4tJCP4xQrsM5qbEmYAshkCmfkjEjAaFQD3o3PlhJPjubV1BjEpiMTCcGIdZucGbbuSNWR-pp67c_Me2-yW2YiBlSbfVNGBv0pazfU-sfrVqfFHvpb-T2aCoCM5IBKQJvlouc1w2Ku11HLOg53VNTpFgNJZXb7x5D9Wq3Wo2L0DXBja4YRA/s1280/P1120579.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQSaU9Xt9I4tJCP4xQrsM5qbEmYAshkCmfkjEjAaFQD3o3PlhJPjubV1BjEpiMTCcGIdZucGbbuSNWR-pp67c_Me2-yW2YiBlSbfVNGBv0pazfU-sfrVqfFHvpb-T2aCoCM5IBKQJvlouc1w2Ku11HLOg53VNTpFgNJZXb7x5D9Wq3Wo2L0DXBja4YRA/w400-h300/P1120579.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The gate is blocked by English demi-lancers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCZ1ZI5i-2qcsI3TK1hp5A8R03HLUn-9HNNjlI0WUB90X1SAwseqOQ60wSYUQNWlNnj_iSJyjXJvU6J6aMbXuLI31ajX7mIdW0n4Xpnh6ciH2LE9aMMnuinRC0ujXndv2K5Tay2F5z7zVAQashL2wAdFxMTW92ef4rCdLuuTpYe_4uRwNedx3J_yUZYA/s3596/P1120595.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3040" data-original-width="3596" height="339" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCZ1ZI5i-2qcsI3TK1hp5A8R03HLUn-9HNNjlI0WUB90X1SAwseqOQ60wSYUQNWlNnj_iSJyjXJvU6J6aMbXuLI31ajX7mIdW0n4Xpnh6ciH2LE9aMMnuinRC0ujXndv2K5Tay2F5z7zVAQashL2wAdFxMTW92ef4rCdLuuTpYe_4uRwNedx3J_yUZYA/w400-h339/P1120595.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A series of cavalry clashes take place outside the gate.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />As the English ambushers bore down on them the pike armed infantry who had emerged from Saint-Quentin marched back inside seeking the safety of the town's walls. The town's cavalry were much further from the gate and could not get back inside the walls in time. Yes they had scattered the English horsemen who had initially taunted them, as they jeered and rode along the walls, but it was now the garrison's turn to panic.<br /><br />The ambushing English demi-lancers and border horse reached the gate before the returning French cavalry. Seeing this the Burgundian heavy cavalry also sprung into action and charged into the panicked French horsemen. In a series of chaotic cavalry melee's Saint-Quentin's cavalry suffered a heavy defeat. The English had lost some of their cavalry but the ambush had worked and the town's garrison was dealt a severe blow.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgURUQjXuBNVosuXvFCXhtiOx8u_jf8d9dya-6h2ptYuFE39dZ-2IYSVJ3j_2VYud4Xc81WzYK1gLBIbZx_nQ8SrN_ybyve4HnhNHURafzZoE-pXF4dR5A3LMk-0uyIaR3eiUl5ZeeRACYz9W_-_UWpq9A1Vc8_n_UbuADA9cRhPfiIPcV9Oqky3fN5Uw/s1280/P1120601.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgURUQjXuBNVosuXvFCXhtiOx8u_jf8d9dya-6h2ptYuFE39dZ-2IYSVJ3j_2VYud4Xc81WzYK1gLBIbZx_nQ8SrN_ybyve4HnhNHURafzZoE-pXF4dR5A3LMk-0uyIaR3eiUl5ZeeRACYz9W_-_UWpq9A1Vc8_n_UbuADA9cRhPfiIPcV9Oqky3fN5Uw/w400-h300/P1120601.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The panicked French cavalry are trapped outside the walls and outnumbered.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXFi5GZifP58sQ_7gN8aOU67oX1TemvUvUHsrpEcn-3BJNTnYOd4lHkUySofALJkqis8WZNxahSZaDM0ZJFH_euaQ5ilChhk_f9Suq9Frn7dYvGVILgqvryoPyakHp1LRk_dnMt8o2LU6e1xfEmaUY6TyDoMjrXU1vJTo96PkRe0V0Mbh7hO2dgfT9UA/s1280/P1120614.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXFi5GZifP58sQ_7gN8aOU67oX1TemvUvUHsrpEcn-3BJNTnYOd4lHkUySofALJkqis8WZNxahSZaDM0ZJFH_euaQ5ilChhk_f9Suq9Frn7dYvGVILgqvryoPyakHp1LRk_dnMt8o2LU6e1xfEmaUY6TyDoMjrXU1vJTo96PkRe0V0Mbh7hO2dgfT9UA/w400-h300/P1120614.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Even the Burgundian heavy cavalry have joined the fray.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN07Xo_cMEaw_DSQeuO-pR75LOQvdSfqnMkLItYQdCgupIS5q16umTG_1OyXgFiX8kVpSEGRXkV41WcSnV5WIOcZjQFrBCkZXf4xvmZpycqwCo5FmWCDEMINc4Qwp1ZR1lfkxwIufG6mL_ORLs_feaNYaxBDZbw550fpz9eE3RmN2tcAOnzHhXsFJ6kA/s4184/P1120618.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2676" data-original-width="4184" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN07Xo_cMEaw_DSQeuO-pR75LOQvdSfqnMkLItYQdCgupIS5q16umTG_1OyXgFiX8kVpSEGRXkV41WcSnV5WIOcZjQFrBCkZXf4xvmZpycqwCo5FmWCDEMINc4Qwp1ZR1lfkxwIufG6mL_ORLs_feaNYaxBDZbw550fpz9eE3RmN2tcAOnzHhXsFJ6kA/w400-h256/P1120618.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Burgundians ride down the remaining French forces.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsFd8WfbWY7_5wCkitfW-v3DBfniSDuCIxytEdMCIKU9ZniJ6n3d-PhcqxnpejgFzJFnFlLDmbB316NRMKNizgXJBWNu1-jvwqpxKtQayNXQD2aeIftnqPXKjk9F1sbR-x384u4vEXX4Df775Rc2noNuyxjlHoMLZe7CeB-TIf2RA6EiuW0ocGntyYwQ/s3880/P1120627.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3880" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsFd8WfbWY7_5wCkitfW-v3DBfniSDuCIxytEdMCIKU9ZniJ6n3d-PhcqxnpejgFzJFnFlLDmbB316NRMKNizgXJBWNu1-jvwqpxKtQayNXQD2aeIftnqPXKjk9F1sbR-x384u4vEXX4Df775Rc2noNuyxjlHoMLZe7CeB-TIf2RA6EiuW0ocGntyYwQ/w400-h356/P1120627.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ambush has been a mixed success. The small English force that rode along the walls has been broken but most of the garrison's horsemen have been lured out of the town only to suffer defeat at the hands of the English and Burgundian cavalry lying in wait.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> These were two fast paced and action packed games with the cavalry style skirmishes being very different from the infantry battles and assaults that we have played recently. The night rules in the first game really changed the nature of that clash as well. It was a spectacular sight to see Stuart's French and English back in action on the table top and we did have a classic wargaming moment when his newly painted landsknecht completely routed after their first round of combat in our Montdidier game. The curse of new units still lives on!<br /><br />As is always the case these games have given us lots of inspiration for future games and I think we will revisit this 1523 campaign for our next clash, focusing on what happened to Bourbon's ill fated landsknecht army that was meant to be linking up with Suffolk in 1523.<p></p></div></div></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-66184650417588809842023-05-08T08:21:00.001-07:002023-05-15T12:45:00.027-07:00The storming of Stuhlweißenburg, 1490<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEeeN5sXZgSmScEz-0_M5jxixQwh3ZC0w7d7BO6IwCHnESH-6H9Au6RVXlVAWBBaBh_mdOeKlvq0P8EXly3rsvxqSs-s2iSl9oR6c6A7Pj4MTInwgLfgXDa8IlgAQQdN2dFHD-e73xM-0RTvjpCGylAqiKshY3iHpnhARSagJZ4wrxZvFBdzUolhNExQ/s3920/1%20(2).JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3920" data-original-width="1996" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEeeN5sXZgSmScEz-0_M5jxixQwh3ZC0w7d7BO6IwCHnESH-6H9Au6RVXlVAWBBaBh_mdOeKlvq0P8EXly3rsvxqSs-s2iSl9oR6c6A7Pj4MTInwgLfgXDa8IlgAQQdN2dFHD-e73xM-0RTvjpCGylAqiKshY3iHpnhARSagJZ4wrxZvFBdzUolhNExQ/w204-h400/1%20(2).JPG" width="204" /></a></div><p>This weekend my friend Tom visited for a wargame and despite the <span>"</span>orchard disaster" I encountered in our game in February, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/02/the-siege-of-modon-1500.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2023/02/the-siege-of-modon-1500.html</a>, we decided to try another storming a city based scenario. It was a chance to try out some different rules for siege style games and as Tom volunteered to play the attacking army it meant I could have a go playing as the defender.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDYYYi15FZZYfeg7QH4xxs4euy9agTYGjDYY2sCdcxtbNrjzQQ_pssxvRvfsBMCCKanxKOOppanAzfyOqcETqZQbPk2j95JL4xQIkkJjbNrvmUNUNvZFLHNh74N0XzNJzEKWY0xG-cI2LRnGCltDdpd4Yd-fdoREnvGznxAcRlgoenEmL5PbO7PeSzdQ/s2790/2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2790" data-original-width="2378" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDYYYi15FZZYfeg7QH4xxs4euy9agTYGjDYY2sCdcxtbNrjzQQ_pssxvRvfsBMCCKanxKOOppanAzfyOqcETqZQbPk2j95JL4xQIkkJjbNrvmUNUNvZFLHNh74N0XzNJzEKWY0xG-cI2LRnGCltDdpd4Yd-fdoREnvGznxAcRlgoenEmL5PbO7PeSzdQ/w341-h400/2.jpg" width="341" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Always one to put a positive spin on things Maximilian I included the sacking of Stuhlweißenburg as an event to be commemorated on his Triumphal Arch of 1515. The dress of the landsknecht reflects the 1510s and not how they would have looked in 1490.</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><u>The storming of Stuhlweißenburg</u></p><p>The Hungarian King, Matthias Corvinus, famously the leader of the Hungarian "Black Army", died in Vienna on 6 April 1490. He had taken the city on 1 June 1485, entering in triumph at the head of 8,000 of his veteran troops after campaigning successfully against the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick III. Corvinus's death less than 5 years after his victory led to fighting in Hungary between the forces of his illegitimate son, John Corvinus, and King Vladislaus of Bohemia, both men seeking the throne. Frederick III's son , Maximilian I, proclaimed "King of the Romans" by his father in 1486, saw an opportunity caused by the instability in Hungary. In July of 1490 he began a campaign to reclaim the lands his father had lost to the Hungarians. Maximilian recaptured fortresses and towns through a series of sieges and entered Vienna in August. </p><p>With his own ambitions to become king of Hungary Maximilian managed to raise the finances to recruit a mercenary army of cavalry and landsknecht, the latter still being very new arrivals on the battlefields of Europe in 1490. He would lead these men into Hungary. His forces also included the more established Swiss reisläufer. At this date the hatred between the two forces had yet to develop. A later chronicler from St. Gallen would recount <i>"in this campaign , there were many confederates</i> (ie the Swiss) <i>and also some from our town of St. Gallen with the landsknechts"</i>. </p><p>At the head of 18,000-20,000 men Maximilian advanced into Hungary, his men taking Szombathely on 17 October. There were already grumblings over pay within the ranks of the mercenary army as well as complaints over the cold weather. In response to this Maximilian and some of the accompanying German nobility vouched to cover any arrears in pay. Satisfied for now the army marched on with Veszprém falling on 8 November where the German forces waited for 5 or 6 days, possibly due to more discipline issues within the ranks. The Hungarian diet had elected King Vladislaus of Bohemia as king and his generals Stefan Báthori and Kinizsi Pál retreated towards Buda leaving only 500 men to defend the ancient capital of Hungary, Székesfehérvár or Stuhlweißenburg in German. Reports reached Maximilian that it was poorly defended and the prospect of looting the prestigious city encouraged his men to march on. </p><p>Székesfehérvár, known colloquially as Fehérvár or the "White Castle", was a walled city surrounded by swampland. Some of the suburbs had been burnt in an attempt to prevent the attacking army using them as cover for a siege. On 17 November 1490 Maximilian's army advanced and fighting began in the suburbs. The attack gained momentum with more of the Habsburg forces being committed to the assault. Artillery was fired at the city gates and the walls were scaled by the mercenary troops. Székesfehérvár fell to a chaotic assault with the Habsburg soldiers slaughtering the citizens and looting the city. The ancient capital was sacked and Matthias Corvinus's tomb was not spared in the chaos.</p><p>Maximilian entered the city the following day. With his ill disciplined troops continuing to complain about pay and the cold weather Maximilian could not persuade them to march on Buda and he left Székesfehérvár in December. Its German garrison held onto the important Hungarian city until July 1491 when it surrendered to King Vladislaus. The war was concluded by a peace treaty at Pressburg in 1491. King Vladislaus surrendered his claim to Lower Austria and agreed that Maximilian would succeed to the Hungarian crown if Vladislaus left no male heir. Whilst Vladislaus did have a male heir his son, the ill fated Louis II, would fall at Mohács in 1526. This meant the Habsburgs eventually got their hands on the Hungarian throne in line with a treaty made in 1515 at the Congress of Vienna, though this was not without further conflict (see <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/08/tarcal-1527.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/08/tarcal-1527.html</a>).</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEior_JqI6CV9UlByLT2mmzgca9Hr4i2jTlIvSE3xFRuGNNh-jPAdwAxgcdtNCViioPaY3eit5zVOwpnM4J_BEMDOWsyBgQC857wq-099O-lTHWfLYTxhBe_DPwhBH7lCibEge4Ryg_Mdb3jHSghk1KDoWiPesPudmG3tS21UDde31jyZAjfNmbKsN07_w/s3456/P1110916.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3264" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEior_JqI6CV9UlByLT2mmzgca9Hr4i2jTlIvSE3xFRuGNNh-jPAdwAxgcdtNCViioPaY3eit5zVOwpnM4J_BEMDOWsyBgQC857wq-099O-lTHWfLYTxhBe_DPwhBH7lCibEge4Ryg_Mdb3jHSghk1KDoWiPesPudmG3tS21UDde31jyZAjfNmbKsN07_w/w378-h400/P1110916.JPG" width="378" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The table at the start of the game. Maximilian's forces have arrived outside the gates of Stuhlweißenburg. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjROksNo7a_JL51TuYCJi7nIgtHNBkNXXcZenW65TXjZeCBlyMuIRpEFqI9rIG8IEmWcAe5M2oblxB70Z9pYp313X30naV_MGmLxn737GqNpHiFB3swkiZKEgS-_H9A9VMFXIdeXtBRoBvhS3J8-VVPhSCtOIzsuA6tbQgHx_xtrBdkO2MHg8eEUF1OA/s4608/P1110917.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3056" data-original-width="4608" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjROksNo7a_JL51TuYCJi7nIgtHNBkNXXcZenW65TXjZeCBlyMuIRpEFqI9rIG8IEmWcAe5M2oblxB70Z9pYp313X30naV_MGmLxn737GqNpHiFB3swkiZKEgS-_H9A9VMFXIdeXtBRoBvhS3J8-VVPhSCtOIzsuA6tbQgHx_xtrBdkO2MHg8eEUF1OA/w400-h265/P1110917.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from above the table showing the key locations of the scenario. The two churches are the objectives of Maximilian's army whilst the "King of the Romans" himself is in the bottom left of the image. The main gate and sally port, which the Hungarian forces can move through, are shown along the walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><u>Scenario</u></p><p>In this game we attempted to refight the storming of Stuhlweißenburg. The city walls were set up across the table with some of the city being represented within the walls.<br /><br /><u>Objectives</u></p><p>Within the walls of the city were two churches (see the photo above). Maximilian's forces would win the game if they could "loot" the two churches. In order to "loot" a church an infantry unit in Maximilian's army had to move into base to base contact with the church. On the following turn a successful move activation would mean they had looted the church.</p><p>The Hungarian defenders would win if they could kill or rout Maximilian himself. </p><p>If both players achieved these objectives in the same turn then the game would be a draw.</p><p><u>The City Walls</u></p><p>The Hungarians could move through the walls via the main gates or the sally port (see the photo above). Each took a half move for a unit to move through using a move activation. If any enemy unit was within 2" of the gates or sally port then a Hungarian unit could attack through the gate/sally port.</p><p>Maximilian's forces could attempt to blow the main gates down. In order to do this they had to fire a culverin at the gates from no further than 12" away. If they succeeded then the main gates were considered destroyed and the Maximilian player could move cavalry and infantry through them in the same way as the Hungarians. <br /><br />Hungarian units attempting to "block" the gates could be attacked. This was done by the German unit moving into contact with the gateway and pushing back the Hungarian unit if it lost the combat. This would mean the attacking German unit could then move through the gate as a follow up.</p><p>Maximilian's infantry units could also scale the walls. They couldn't cross at the towers, only the walls. They could do this by moving into contact with them. On the following turn a successful attack activation would mean the unit could cross to other side but they had to roll a D6. On a 1-2 the unit took D6 casualties in crossing. On a 3-4 D3 casualties in crossing and on a 5-6 no casualties. A morale test was not be required if casualties were taken in scaling the walls. The thoughts of plunder once in the city had temporarily made the scaling unit fearless!</p><p><u>Deployment</u></p><p>Maximilian's forces deployed within 6" of the suburbs table edge whilst the Hungarians could deploy up to the walls and also outside them (with their bases in contact with the walls or towers).</p><p>Maximilian had to start on the table whilst the Hungarians had to deploy at least two Cavalry units outside the walls.</p><p>Both sides could choose up to 6 units to start off the table. These could then join the game via a move activation from their side of the table edge.</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdRGjJ3HDFwkRbHQf_dLH5o3iThBWYWq_yARvonfXEjKIXfVsYlfRuOi4ipBPLQld73nx0rGLtg6blF97_Xyb0v2NrbhozKHU6U2zEeLXXTIKYoNIzpDEdv7PZpxZohD4VhtWOsl3A9-TyFxh56Sf4WVsqHN4fmD_kNtVHm-VmFuxrAs4a1UJnsua-hQ/s3344/P1110922.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2600" data-original-width="3344" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdRGjJ3HDFwkRbHQf_dLH5o3iThBWYWq_yARvonfXEjKIXfVsYlfRuOi4ipBPLQld73nx0rGLtg6blF97_Xyb0v2NrbhozKHU6U2zEeLXXTIKYoNIzpDEdv7PZpxZohD4VhtWOsl3A9-TyFxh56Sf4WVsqHN4fmD_kNtVHm-VmFuxrAs4a1UJnsua-hQ/w400-h311/P1110922.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The main gate of the city is defended by units of pavisiers and handgunners.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKH4uF-Dbx_peh612_7KJVzUyoxe15-6-ZVznFAugb6twst807hSbhkplYgtzFq3fMI-XrQ5_fwDw80ypOKO4U38c33PWLLuh-svE6xRctLzbg49X7WEaoaoVweOsjCgNXhRvBdNz4LCDIUnzbCNlMjfXBbutBCKgHsq9IwDR8x08mudzz4tLbFl9LA/s2840/P1110947.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2732" data-original-width="2840" height="385" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKH4uF-Dbx_peh612_7KJVzUyoxe15-6-ZVznFAugb6twst807hSbhkplYgtzFq3fMI-XrQ5_fwDw80ypOKO4U38c33PWLLuh-svE6xRctLzbg49X7WEaoaoVweOsjCgNXhRvBdNz4LCDIUnzbCNlMjfXBbutBCKgHsq9IwDR8x08mudzz4tLbFl9LA/w400-h385/P1110947.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Maximilian I is surrounded bv a bodyguard of men at arms and mounted crossbowmen. They are opposed by a force of Hungarian cavalry deployed outside the walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpdTDxWQmsXnlOiz_AyjC_grvclV7CsTYbEi_1-BdyFD0K7ppzd2BiRoWDMwWqzfk3tPrNgu8CKOzDoeu6vasF1iJQGUQyrLjMZMoeE8yZFid83iTVbwrboB5YxC3A4vsQCrtcidjn2NX7SMMut2e1Q9xRDagxaoMcDRQeHDxYhLuy-kLFEv1cMzeDRg/s4608/P1110977.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3352" data-original-width="4608" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpdTDxWQmsXnlOiz_AyjC_grvclV7CsTYbEi_1-BdyFD0K7ppzd2BiRoWDMwWqzfk3tPrNgu8CKOzDoeu6vasF1iJQGUQyrLjMZMoeE8yZFid83iTVbwrboB5YxC3A4vsQCrtcidjn2NX7SMMut2e1Q9xRDagxaoMcDRQeHDxYhLuy-kLFEv1cMzeDRg/w400-h291/P1110977.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Much of the city's garrison is still within the walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><u>The Armies</u></p><p>We played the game using our adapted version of Lion Rampant, "Renaissance Rampant" with Tom taking control of Maximilian and his mercenary army whilst I commanded the Hungarian garrison of Stuhlweißenburg or Székesfehérvár. Each army was comprised of two retinues that acted independently. Using the deployment rules above Tom chose to keep two lancer units, one culverin and a unit of landsknecht pike off the table at the start whilst I held two hussar units and a unit of crossbowmen in reserve.</p><p><u>Maximilian I and his mercenaries</u></p><p><u>Maximilian with his cavalry and guns</u></p><p>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Maximilian I "King of the Romans" - Retinue Leader)<br />2 Units of Men at Arms<br />2 Units of Mounted Crossbowmen<br />2 Units of Lancers <br />2 Culverins </p><p><u>The landsknecht and reisläufer infantry</u></p><p>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Retinue Leader)<br />1 Unit of Swiss Halberdiers <br />2 Units of Landsknecht Pike<br />2 Units of Swiss Pike<br />2 Units of Landsknecht/ Swiss Shot</p><p><u>The Hungarian Defenders of Stuhlweißenburg</u></p><p><u>The Cavalry and guns</u></p><p>1 Unit of Men at Arms (Retinue Leader)<br />2 Units of Hussars<br />2 Units of Hungarian Horse Archers<br />1 Unit of Balkan Horse<br />2 Culverins </p><p><u>The Garrison Infantry</u></p><p>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Garrison Captain - Retinue Leader)<br />4 Units of Pavise Infantry with arquebusiers<br />1 Unit of Halberdiers<br />2 Units of Crossbowmen<br />1 Unit of Pike<br /><br />As always a brief write up follows but the captions under the photos are also a good way to follow the action.</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8LLqKp6_dJ3e1Y7hfBNdUjZ3Ltwq6ZuRQHO79a9dklA7ycM4JI_gUNNsbBqNvWYUYrriJPRURKa6R3MFtqesJfDOhzF5X_kMfnCFWw0N22hWj0IBA8qDBHpfvarEZTcS1Eof7N9HoV_mhx_syI4ZHx4yK7P_kzc6So6vmaNxJCaoFiBY3Eklf-Lg_Dw/s2716/P1110978.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2716" data-original-width="1992" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8LLqKp6_dJ3e1Y7hfBNdUjZ3Ltwq6ZuRQHO79a9dklA7ycM4JI_gUNNsbBqNvWYUYrriJPRURKa6R3MFtqesJfDOhzF5X_kMfnCFWw0N22hWj0IBA8qDBHpfvarEZTcS1Eof7N9HoV_mhx_syI4ZHx4yK7P_kzc6So6vmaNxJCaoFiBY3Eklf-Lg_Dw/w294-h400/P1110978.JPG" width="294" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the trumpets and drums sound Maximilian's forces advance on Stuhlweißenburg. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhz4phVNrE4Wnab3JEczC89MMCTfZg4kywMqePAWUg2t1hyobiUpHUJynwaLjW_2gq-YSHgl85kht6-_fEAQ8mVG4SM0k1T-uAMKfPnMYEL0SYQlLSduNgkeql1_y455DxnyOA8fuUslsqmvmagfYN1WAQtwM7feLOwcVFuE4d0N0HmpTRKKXgsRkCEg/s4608/P1110979.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhz4phVNrE4Wnab3JEczC89MMCTfZg4kywMqePAWUg2t1hyobiUpHUJynwaLjW_2gq-YSHgl85kht6-_fEAQ8mVG4SM0k1T-uAMKfPnMYEL0SYQlLSduNgkeql1_y455DxnyOA8fuUslsqmvmagfYN1WAQtwM7feLOwcVFuE4d0N0HmpTRKKXgsRkCEg/w400-h300/P1110979.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landsknecht and reisläufer race for the walls of Székesfehérvár, the "White Castle". </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzWenIaCIwpfPMZoBSWf2l68XcCMm2xwYEP0EEaWcAqw4AlMlX7HTnIIdrZYo5aDLLvjIXo3sJAUa_ygRpL4sTthNXXr09wc8ATbl6wgXybNGrQ6AxkwD2JybV5fBDWTER_ZEe7B8TYGZ5vF658_nuQRPaCu0-ILau51Ml3P-MkGRIKNVMhH3sTR0lhg/s4608/P1110988.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzWenIaCIwpfPMZoBSWf2l68XcCMm2xwYEP0EEaWcAqw4AlMlX7HTnIIdrZYo5aDLLvjIXo3sJAUa_ygRpL4sTthNXXr09wc8ATbl6wgXybNGrQ6AxkwD2JybV5fBDWTER_ZEe7B8TYGZ5vF658_nuQRPaCu0-ILau51Ml3P-MkGRIKNVMhH3sTR0lhg/w400-h300/P1110988.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The fighting begins as German men at arms drive off Hungarian skirmishers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcnw_ufr-u8eh8k9-244BoGcfmtgmuQIUOmE_-A4bur1KzuJGfddxA-qithOjpMz4zksOAI1aW0g1r8hLaMg2a2ngVIfKsrsDquIAu4_fWKhJCcX1ycPApiZrplBOGr3W6N_j55JyB277wyORRcFfaEXHimcJo_nFtPh_-qxOfHwXqgVmR8EUGmz5vag/s2704/P1110996.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2704" data-original-width="1748" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcnw_ufr-u8eh8k9-244BoGcfmtgmuQIUOmE_-A4bur1KzuJGfddxA-qithOjpMz4zksOAI1aW0g1r8hLaMg2a2ngVIfKsrsDquIAu4_fWKhJCcX1ycPApiZrplBOGr3W6N_j55JyB277wyORRcFfaEXHimcJo_nFtPh_-qxOfHwXqgVmR8EUGmz5vag/w259-h400/P1110996.JPG" width="259" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the assault along the walls. The Hungarian light cavalry are attempting to disrupt the attack.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIqK2UCxztT9yhcJnyMdiUl6qDvtpEu3AvK9JdLSrqaqAj9UvtEtGGwKZac2pWOhXVdPdNmUfpJBfODO3oJrEgtfjxal0Mm3NYiG6giQtEYcDV9TqkKoq5F1LAtEo2VJMxEhE6G_axpSXMpwTIwqXixplzUlKuYEc1rSWEuFngHew-XoN4j2HAreGxvA/s3184/P1110998.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3184" data-original-width="2928" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIqK2UCxztT9yhcJnyMdiUl6qDvtpEu3AvK9JdLSrqaqAj9UvtEtGGwKZac2pWOhXVdPdNmUfpJBfODO3oJrEgtfjxal0Mm3NYiG6giQtEYcDV9TqkKoq5F1LAtEo2VJMxEhE6G_axpSXMpwTIwqXixplzUlKuYEc1rSWEuFngHew-XoN4j2HAreGxvA/w368-h400/P1110998.JPG" width="368" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Maximilian I and his personal guard hold back but his mounted forces are being drawn into an escalating fight with the Hungarian cavalry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvOH0vu5ra4Qn3P_WIsfzLOb79ygynrdrE-vBFUAIomTpOPcD_i6Da-JDXV8MPaaqSshoB1wwfDMtLa5RfXp34gvk1LlRItY87-5lDgRDgkBBi8zipcHNU5702ZbXnfEsqJis7747Wwj92y7NKVAJFzZN3QBon9YCMaiZ0xzGy45nt9-LeFf5EseFNdA/s3504/P1120030.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3504" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvOH0vu5ra4Qn3P_WIsfzLOb79ygynrdrE-vBFUAIomTpOPcD_i6Da-JDXV8MPaaqSshoB1wwfDMtLa5RfXp34gvk1LlRItY87-5lDgRDgkBBi8zipcHNU5702ZbXnfEsqJis7747Wwj92y7NKVAJFzZN3QBon9YCMaiZ0xzGy45nt9-LeFf5EseFNdA/w400-h395/P1120030.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Captain of the Hungarian cavalry is successful in defeating some of the German men at arms.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK5zDh9cP63_p_COuQTlbqNEOGq3ePCCSohrvMGQYg_EsYAxHVqkoX-hQoTzdSxUHuMb7hE8C2DLRltjmzf9bFhV2w5ZcZLP4cMUfp9KZmcC9bHkAXy6Iowd5YmOc3YFoqGKwhGBDRcdRYKvZPiPqqfqwynhAkOYwLfaDHGcNVv8-G5GLebZBaSprIUA/s3164/P1120046.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3164" data-original-width="3156" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK5zDh9cP63_p_COuQTlbqNEOGq3ePCCSohrvMGQYg_EsYAxHVqkoX-hQoTzdSxUHuMb7hE8C2DLRltjmzf9bFhV2w5ZcZLP4cMUfp9KZmcC9bHkAXy6Iowd5YmOc3YFoqGKwhGBDRcdRYKvZPiPqqfqwynhAkOYwLfaDHGcNVv8-G5GLebZBaSprIUA/w399-h400/P1120046.JPG" width="399" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hungarian reinforcements arrive in the form of fearsome hussar units.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBolYeL71aOhnebMlfusrUcNUw1xEOLcNlRJAIyI7MB9AqEOvXynvyFAek6ToJ_ZMUm-IWY09RH6TxvQH-wCULjlRPRT3MgDCsKNkWSHs2bmAAiSOhvnH3hD4_v_76J4FYYYN7u-lpqc_96mf70xYdrAQZgvqS_zpYHn_-aGVNU6ccE2s-YzoWKeO7yw/s3412/P1120051.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3052" data-original-width="3412" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBolYeL71aOhnebMlfusrUcNUw1xEOLcNlRJAIyI7MB9AqEOvXynvyFAek6ToJ_ZMUm-IWY09RH6TxvQH-wCULjlRPRT3MgDCsKNkWSHs2bmAAiSOhvnH3hD4_v_76J4FYYYN7u-lpqc_96mf70xYdrAQZgvqS_zpYHn_-aGVNU6ccE2s-YzoWKeO7yw/w400-h358/P1120051.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At the other end of the field Maximilian's mercenary infantry are nearly at the walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZduWNZlYkGftr5pCw62Y9Cmwa1YIV_lqO2jB6UtdG91QfOe5pcs267E_EHtDYyQndbgOqdxsky0PLu7ziDnL2RyNeDEof0HCukW8-c3c5BF3LOJQ-Jy2hm0IIlaDXiLiFDJVa2OCKS9j4P0ly3yXUwvWrFlfpYKdbQsccaLw5QQrbP9rZKpDcGbDHxA/s3800/P1120053.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3204" data-original-width="3800" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZduWNZlYkGftr5pCw62Y9Cmwa1YIV_lqO2jB6UtdG91QfOe5pcs267E_EHtDYyQndbgOqdxsky0PLu7ziDnL2RyNeDEof0HCukW8-c3c5BF3LOJQ-Jy2hm0IIlaDXiLiFDJVa2OCKS9j4P0ly3yXUwvWrFlfpYKdbQsccaLw5QQrbP9rZKpDcGbDHxA/w400-h338/P1120053.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Hungarian garrison prepare for the assault.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioSpXVMYwz5Z0CFpk37zucZUug4nhlb2lMU7KBa_WzuW0jZFU4jHP9QGvJ0m081fQt6Ox9rzpug_zQDYQisfFo91FkmXYoaKelDbHhA4abwBtkYCGkM5n-SL8wSkhHgXIinoqbrGN2ysKhTIRUuxvGFyyTSk7XIvTIJ9o0KMLOwJ6bPPNR43U9bUEtwg/s4608/P1120060.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioSpXVMYwz5Z0CFpk37zucZUug4nhlb2lMU7KBa_WzuW0jZFU4jHP9QGvJ0m081fQt6Ox9rzpug_zQDYQisfFo91FkmXYoaKelDbHhA4abwBtkYCGkM5n-SL8wSkhHgXIinoqbrGN2ysKhTIRUuxvGFyyTSk7XIvTIJ9o0KMLOwJ6bPPNR43U9bUEtwg/w400-h300/P1120060.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There is momentary panic amongst Maximilian's army as a group of hussars attempt to bring down the Habsburg prince.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />As Maximilian's army advanced into the smouldering suburbs of Stuhlweißenburg with drums beating and banners flying it was clear that the city's garrison were not going to give in without a fight. The main gates were defended by a force of infantry whilst Hungarian cavalry were awaiting the attackers outside the walls. Seeing the "King of the Romans" at the head of his army the Hungarian horse moved towards him engaging with the German men at arms and mounted crossbowmen that formed part of Maximilian's retinue.<div><br /></div><div>As the cavalry skirmish developed both sides threw more weight into the fight with hussars arriving for the Hungarians and lancers riding to support Maximilian. The Habsburg prince charged into a unit of hussars and pushed them back before then engaging in a personal combat with the captain of the garrison's cavalry. For a moment it looked like the game could be up for Maximilian as he fought off the rival man at arms in an inconclusive duel before then being attacked by yet another unit of hussars. Armoured horsemen fell or were unhorsed all around Maximilian, his own unit being halved in strength, but he was able to ride out the storm and push the Hungarian cavalry back. The garrison's attempt to achieve an early victory by bringing down Maximilian had been thwarted.<br /><div> <br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju0iiO8I6K0xpsPvciQNqr_NOCeYVE-pFfPXc1Ig3pAHZnKtphP9SlmWNezkovxQRRJY5_R7M5BAYcOJk0KnMX6726gB7nsQiB9MBSfGUKlXw3_pFyUc8b_mm02e2jxznEC8d7rBjEcWT3OH9zY7IzX0WtsYqJ6PtaBt7PcE0m2M6_G7uhu4OF8wucUQ/s4400/P1120065.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4400" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju0iiO8I6K0xpsPvciQNqr_NOCeYVE-pFfPXc1Ig3pAHZnKtphP9SlmWNezkovxQRRJY5_R7M5BAYcOJk0KnMX6726gB7nsQiB9MBSfGUKlXw3_pFyUc8b_mm02e2jxznEC8d7rBjEcWT3OH9zY7IzX0WtsYqJ6PtaBt7PcE0m2M6_G7uhu4OF8wucUQ/w400-h314/P1120065.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">For a moment Maximilian engages in a personal clash with the captain of the Hungarian cavalry but neither of them can defeat the other.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZLo-2_GvacXi_v_28ApphkrXTuPXCtsqOu99IuFetF_kLBax5ZCfXlH8zwn1TWrKo-DqVNZmK8-eWapFgewZG-f8L5xt0fVZoRlSRmxHSsRKJmQyu0cpIYoOZfPj9zVdqYCJbPjx6xP3dxQiVNlYlMskxMM2Q5knaa1FVvmaa_VNz2HcgX5k8rTrZqA/s4368/P1120075.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3192" data-original-width="4368" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZLo-2_GvacXi_v_28ApphkrXTuPXCtsqOu99IuFetF_kLBax5ZCfXlH8zwn1TWrKo-DqVNZmK8-eWapFgewZG-f8L5xt0fVZoRlSRmxHSsRKJmQyu0cpIYoOZfPj9zVdqYCJbPjx6xP3dxQiVNlYlMskxMM2Q5knaa1FVvmaa_VNz2HcgX5k8rTrZqA/w400-h293/P1120075.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The threat to Maximilian persists as another unit of hussars takes him on. Though half of his mounted knights have been slain his lancers and mounted crossbowmen come the rescue and the Hungarian horse are defeated.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxvpQyF3nZ_-Gp3z73xI-nHr0zoyS28pX3m_eiv6Qvz3IYntCYJ8ov8-dQRQAfT5z6Xan6VMzX5hlzrj4f1K7CSo0Ex1_60cHh4QJ6i86hmjjgpYFl4wAFBek9boxgflL98PS4QkKMMxp0Sj6JMF7iF-NnzcXLzSrm9YWCs-2g5GmPIAs6oJkbtKyqQw/s2504/P1120109.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2504" data-original-width="1496" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxvpQyF3nZ_-Gp3z73xI-nHr0zoyS28pX3m_eiv6Qvz3IYntCYJ8ov8-dQRQAfT5z6Xan6VMzX5hlzrj4f1K7CSo0Ex1_60cHh4QJ6i86hmjjgpYFl4wAFBek9boxgflL98PS4QkKMMxp0Sj6JMF7iF-NnzcXLzSrm9YWCs-2g5GmPIAs6oJkbtKyqQw/w239-h400/P1120109.JPG" width="239" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At the walls the scaling ladders are placed...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtA7kcFHdMM-hvRZUg08t7lGihloukS7K_mePtyyS17o9OEEtrjn2OZCcaGYfnlzV_QzEE0JUskZx20-q6wv3KVRDG6fegzPLEgDwdbLpUKO10HRhuMKo9CC32wQt-4YfJ-FTgi7YkYDHdTmlOo93SKswyGuHH0dFTiRug1oWR8VMhq7wgKoEwbTo5ZQ/s3040/P1120110.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3040" data-original-width="2676" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtA7kcFHdMM-hvRZUg08t7lGihloukS7K_mePtyyS17o9OEEtrjn2OZCcaGYfnlzV_QzEE0JUskZx20-q6wv3KVRDG6fegzPLEgDwdbLpUKO10HRhuMKo9CC32wQt-4YfJ-FTgi7YkYDHdTmlOo93SKswyGuHH0dFTiRug1oWR8VMhq7wgKoEwbTo5ZQ/w353-h400/P1120110.JPG" width="353" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and the storming of Stuhlweißenburg begins!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB1NDjYGuEc0mYA2byowD4wJKMJcqv8NkX9Ke6OAXBX1c9lwB1cq2q1EA7zmZoAY3X75KW6tHBXFNV3FYD3xUC0Ehx8ZhUexD0dEPLCgWKB6a_xeK3JCXGrKEL-c9h7y0ea-EMn0YjS_F0biMtN299cM9XqGBg3EM296wnynQ9OrYr5J6UtvdY6Rx9RA/s4608/P1120126.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB1NDjYGuEc0mYA2byowD4wJKMJcqv8NkX9Ke6OAXBX1c9lwB1cq2q1EA7zmZoAY3X75KW6tHBXFNV3FYD3xUC0Ehx8ZhUexD0dEPLCgWKB6a_xeK3JCXGrKEL-c9h7y0ea-EMn0YjS_F0biMtN299cM9XqGBg3EM296wnynQ9OrYr5J6UtvdY6Rx9RA/w400-h300/P1120126.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of landsknecht arquebusiers make it over the walls with no casualties...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX8mNdhK9ynuRDYN6DFVwflGITjRc9sq5Vz6_InwyUYmacaKWilPLqhP5s-1yZugFgi8ZRk4L99wM_Yhmb2w8vdDrao89HsmAJRPnPUKdAF21UTo0lhzanAbYlx9wMkmV91bEgsHa-1yP9mSElfEI_ihRN7BvpRHfIwhVl3fVej7cOjiBpLRAuYWOfEg/s4608/P1120146.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX8mNdhK9ynuRDYN6DFVwflGITjRc9sq5Vz6_InwyUYmacaKWilPLqhP5s-1yZugFgi8ZRk4L99wM_Yhmb2w8vdDrao89HsmAJRPnPUKdAF21UTo0lhzanAbYlx9wMkmV91bEgsHa-1yP9mSElfEI_ihRN7BvpRHfIwhVl3fVej7cOjiBpLRAuYWOfEg/w400-h300/P1120146.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...they are followed by reisläufer who loose a few of their number as they fight their way up the ladders and into the city.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtryGLg64TX-UPTPxqql_lJafynLtwmGh3smmmochUHp_j0e6wS12cnwxMuyk4wjb6vb2gXn8edfd_niEXpWvCwXjC0vxMA4RzcX3x1XiQGrL7_Ejx9dxHNFzjYLWmIRHOjBxuM0k8FRz4KauHghPLBPpxCufDGBLBuik6xUkrFVx0RooaZBM_zugfug/s4608/P1120170.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtryGLg64TX-UPTPxqql_lJafynLtwmGh3smmmochUHp_j0e6wS12cnwxMuyk4wjb6vb2gXn8edfd_niEXpWvCwXjC0vxMA4RzcX3x1XiQGrL7_Ejx9dxHNFzjYLWmIRHOjBxuM0k8FRz4KauHghPLBPpxCufDGBLBuik6xUkrFVx0RooaZBM_zugfug/w400-h300/P1120170.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fighting erupts in the streets but the city's garrison stop the first attack.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBbFZI4yQ5ppoed9RJ5KXHJAaN_pQFibWW9h-DAtECeL0yHD1TNefQRq6EYQkYEwGawLNkeEpWdqgYGvelPl7y8YGpY5YlrZUZR8VaZr9RKMGyzyGrSY43QXTCnyRQ4hVH__bayYjnLSj-Lnk8cbPXHmZuPAEI4TW9fqSN7Z91TZZZb2vwHft0Q41QHg/s4608/P1120183.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2624" data-original-width="4608" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBbFZI4yQ5ppoed9RJ5KXHJAaN_pQFibWW9h-DAtECeL0yHD1TNefQRq6EYQkYEwGawLNkeEpWdqgYGvelPl7y8YGpY5YlrZUZR8VaZr9RKMGyzyGrSY43QXTCnyRQ4hVH__bayYjnLSj-Lnk8cbPXHmZuPAEI4TW9fqSN7Z91TZZZb2vwHft0Q41QHg/w400-h228/P1120183.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The mercenary infantry of Maximilian's army are still keen on plundering Stuhlweißenburg and they surround the infantry guarding the gate... </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEI1DDzPI_9lKFgZZSa8rW-louMktCVDTToguI4_rrvC7FvLIcmpES4YQ_yYMVNL3zm-Qyx3R3Bk4caIq7E2L8D1QI_pCPpq_YNTp2WCf1fHSpbXK1veCWyVVRsEGAiicYUlJmN6D6omafUTedwEfN8F9QeYyEhkfJSHE6Qvws3ka3ozyavxqlpYAEZw/s4608/P1120222.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3152" data-original-width="4608" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEI1DDzPI_9lKFgZZSa8rW-louMktCVDTToguI4_rrvC7FvLIcmpES4YQ_yYMVNL3zm-Qyx3R3Bk4caIq7E2L8D1QI_pCPpq_YNTp2WCf1fHSpbXK1veCWyVVRsEGAiicYUlJmN6D6omafUTedwEfN8F9QeYyEhkfJSHE6Qvws3ka3ozyavxqlpYAEZw/w400-h274/P1120222.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...some of the Hungarian infantry at the gate are slain by the reisläufer forcing the others to retreat back into the city. As the gates close Maximilian's troops roll up a gun to break them down. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgabs69luAJ16ceIFiQz3OazZrsifcnhSLO-xc8jG99SWkfrLrtUldvy51sj6kTXh6wy5DUHMrcFccWAxJc7xEStND8X_2niOo61t8bpjmGvlPoaHsiOS3H2olJgwKpFicT1cTJGzmpovZKtdoKf8h7B9D6kzjGdmXj0M6PwmlEf3nWOYcpBEb8kMOrtQ/s4608/P1120228.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgabs69luAJ16ceIFiQz3OazZrsifcnhSLO-xc8jG99SWkfrLrtUldvy51sj6kTXh6wy5DUHMrcFccWAxJc7xEStND8X_2niOo61t8bpjmGvlPoaHsiOS3H2olJgwKpFicT1cTJGzmpovZKtdoKf8h7B9D6kzjGdmXj0M6PwmlEf3nWOYcpBEb8kMOrtQ/w400-h300/P1120228.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The gates are shot down and the reisläufer storm the city in a second wave of attacks.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: center;">As the cavalry fight subsided the first units of the mercenary landsknecht and </span><span style="text-align: center;">reisläufer made it to the walls </span><span style="text-align: center;">Stuhlweißenburg. Scaling ladders went up and landsknecht pikemen and arquebusiers scaled the walls, accompanied by </span><span style="text-align: center;">reisläufer halberdiers. There were individual clashes along the parapet but the defenders on the walls were overwhelmed and Maximilian's men broke into the city. Thinking they could immediately fall to looting the mercenaries were met with a shock as arquebusiers from the garrison gunned them down at close range and halberdiers hacked slew them in the streets.<br /><br />Having lost some units over the walls the determined attackers now turned their attention to the main gate. R</span><span style="text-align: center;">eisläufer</span><span style="text-align: center;"> pike and shot defeated some of the infantry outside the walls and forced the remaining troops back through the gate. Maximilian's men then brought up a field gun which made short work of the wooden gates. As the </span><span style="text-align: center;">reisläufer</span><span style="text-align: center;"> pike forced their way through the splintered and shattered gates a second storming of the walls began with yet more landsknecht and </span><span style="text-align: center;">reisläufer</span><span style="text-align: center;"> pouring into the city at various points.<br /><br />The fighting was now fierce. Maximilian's landsknecht captain suffered particularly badly with his unit taking heavy casualties as they attempted an escalade. Those that made it into </span>Stuhlweißenburg were subjected to volleys of shot before being pushed back by pikes and halberds. The city's garrison took casualties but they were able to fight off the attack and prevent the city from being looted. Still outside the walls, and protected by his guns and mounted crossbowmen, Maximilian could see that he would be unable to storm the city and withdrew for the day. The walls of the "White Castle" had been stormed but the garrison had fought the Habsburgs off for now and the day ended in a stalemate. </div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI-6tMB8FSu9H8YQI5ahCu_02rdHyuyg3jHxwYhXPPrsdZbmWz4NDfmfauohhCtUpEaRBbBpVVMRGsRb7-6tA5gNvPQT9UdCYIaI3ibhdKD_Pwt98RlK32dPyX67KnDzm9F9Us5DBCHZDmzXgh4WuZ77PfK4Lt2ki3x7LD2xTWEqbHlesF5Yj-4YbpMA/s4608/P1120232.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI-6tMB8FSu9H8YQI5ahCu_02rdHyuyg3jHxwYhXPPrsdZbmWz4NDfmfauohhCtUpEaRBbBpVVMRGsRb7-6tA5gNvPQT9UdCYIaI3ibhdKD_Pwt98RlK32dPyX67KnDzm9F9Us5DBCHZDmzXgh4WuZ77PfK4Lt2ki3x7LD2xTWEqbHlesF5Yj-4YbpMA/w400-h300/P1120232.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Again there is a substantial garrison still ready for the attack...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8Ku3JYbU5gGcXdiwR2QD2bBVHCjGuhKyVPD3apicC0Hcss2lJpnTKacB1TL7asbgEs0N4IAvvW0PNJdCFwnuOIky6RxBfxhPycExZ3zqoarCWeKGp-hxzHzohyxlyP015nPkmgjRYjEg9LJxwTtiE8zi7YeS-IJ501BvGf47_F5FgV8hsXSW7ZhRDA/s4608/P1120244.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3120" data-original-width="4608" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8Ku3JYbU5gGcXdiwR2QD2bBVHCjGuhKyVPD3apicC0Hcss2lJpnTKacB1TL7asbgEs0N4IAvvW0PNJdCFwnuOIky6RxBfxhPycExZ3zqoarCWeKGp-hxzHzohyxlyP015nPkmgjRYjEg9LJxwTtiE8zi7YeS-IJ501BvGf47_F5FgV8hsXSW7ZhRDA/w400-h271/P1120244.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and fierce fighting takes place within the city.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJAAIUSuLjYhd61OI2suRS09LcHLq83ASnXqNUm9ROhLGKBUaIfoMp8Vfry0GCqVAELe3OJrKExlGcT7T4fQhqXI1jfi5Ap0lO6TAoDP6De3qDIXIcnZjFto1SO2gmW65I7pe3SsufT1gmAdu2nwHq-9mFwRXNcZiOGi7cXgUJy6HzmEcBlSO-yJDxgQ/s4608/P1120251.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJAAIUSuLjYhd61OI2suRS09LcHLq83ASnXqNUm9ROhLGKBUaIfoMp8Vfry0GCqVAELe3OJrKExlGcT7T4fQhqXI1jfi5Ap0lO6TAoDP6De3qDIXIcnZjFto1SO2gmW65I7pe3SsufT1gmAdu2nwHq-9mFwRXNcZiOGi7cXgUJy6HzmEcBlSO-yJDxgQ/w400-h300/P1120251.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The garrison captain battles with landsknecht as they push over the walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxGm7ki2eqx9twcIhAnPwKkocsWto7rcT0g-8x1uPCDbghNbbZX3UEQoCAA5P8A2tHxI7AsBYneqhUDg6WZJCPJIYQ2v772h6ctW8voMMHpT4WlmMHEdWIT8l4fRLxLxYWTlPlrakWztiAS2ZOxW-PstIk8tOXULcvHd1KUVe3LenE410hdYghTAH_kw/s4216/P1120257.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4216" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxGm7ki2eqx9twcIhAnPwKkocsWto7rcT0g-8x1uPCDbghNbbZX3UEQoCAA5P8A2tHxI7AsBYneqhUDg6WZJCPJIYQ2v772h6ctW8voMMHpT4WlmMHEdWIT8l4fRLxLxYWTlPlrakWztiAS2ZOxW-PstIk8tOXULcvHd1KUVe3LenE410hdYghTAH_kw/w328-h400/P1120257.JPG" width="328" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the city as Maximilian's mercenaries pour in.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRWRHFWPcGUNFwML8yOjJwzZfe8h7wBHaihmvhrzkcjCMrHc636yOLURc1fKCoWTQilZu2wjqY92XMOWsuu7eqtEy_1poI8PNRyJcNmv3Qx-BCTvMH1hrSB3gn4F4-KoPlZHRaYlD9F7_ub783ePZZoB3wMIn-iLUOsB0QWiubzF-Kyk6cFdk3ytRqKg/s3848/P1120259.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3848" height="359" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRWRHFWPcGUNFwML8yOjJwzZfe8h7wBHaihmvhrzkcjCMrHc636yOLURc1fKCoWTQilZu2wjqY92XMOWsuu7eqtEy_1poI8PNRyJcNmv3Qx-BCTvMH1hrSB3gn4F4-KoPlZHRaYlD9F7_ub783ePZZoB3wMIn-iLUOsB0QWiubzF-Kyk6cFdk3ytRqKg/w400-h359/P1120259.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The landsknecht suffer devastating volleys of shot from the arquebusiers in the city.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNgDxOMCKTPDeH-S4fdpVaHvR1bKd46CLncmiBlDz1h31AzLQLTWf-cva6vqG3RsTMA4cLkuudyrT0paLUFbCreph9SP9sDdqKGQDvGBApQge-kKZSq6vbz9Z2tsj9syux8Wk1l8vaZy5ATHJh4EoBDe15qz-25fafO8hRwl-UlQzHNHf6QWETVmk7Eg/s4608/P1120261.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNgDxOMCKTPDeH-S4fdpVaHvR1bKd46CLncmiBlDz1h31AzLQLTWf-cva6vqG3RsTMA4cLkuudyrT0paLUFbCreph9SP9sDdqKGQDvGBApQge-kKZSq6vbz9Z2tsj9syux8Wk1l8vaZy5ATHJh4EoBDe15qz-25fafO8hRwl-UlQzHNHf6QWETVmk7Eg/w400-h300/P1120261.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There is chaos inside the gates but the garrison are able to hold back the attack, killing the captain of the landsknecht in the process.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisO1JR-x9jo1oaFzYribQhsgvfU_5rTnv7ZBfdd--XYs6bwqCtO0rlXRLLReDZgFM-AQO4CLbcwNNnHcKbVfcb0z5Iy4ZM2oQqyJk4bNrm0LCH9-YuNqh3C7-sV25R4ncnCP83wAOSdJfNEhjd_RCAc7rlWA1rhhL_xKITPwxQrDAO2BG4DUN-vp2u5g/s4104/P1120271.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3312" data-original-width="4104" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisO1JR-x9jo1oaFzYribQhsgvfU_5rTnv7ZBfdd--XYs6bwqCtO0rlXRLLReDZgFM-AQO4CLbcwNNnHcKbVfcb0z5Iy4ZM2oQqyJk4bNrm0LCH9-YuNqh3C7-sV25R4ncnCP83wAOSdJfNEhjd_RCAc7rlWA1rhhL_xKITPwxQrDAO2BG4DUN-vp2u5g/w400-h323/P1120271.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Outside the walls and protected by his guns and crossbowmen Maximilian calls a halt to the attack. Both sides have failed in their objectives and the result is a hard fought stalemate.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div>This was a really interesting game that played out in three distinct phases. In the first phase the Hungarian horse attempted to kill Maximilian outside the walls. This was an exciting start to the game and at moments, especially during the duel with the Hungarian cavalry captain, it looked as if Maximilian would be killed and I would win a quick victory! The attack failed and the Hungarian cavalry were a spent force for the rest of the game. The second two phases were the two waves of attack over and through the walls by Maximilian's infantry. Again these were exciting moments where the success of the mercenary infantry hinged on some key dice rolls. If the landsknecht captain and his foot knight unit had got into the city unharmed they would have caused chaos but instead the unit took five casualties crossing the walls which really weakened the overall attack.<br /><br />The game ended in a draw with neither of us being able to achieve our objectives but we enjoyed the mechanics for the gate and storming the walls and will try them again. Perhaps an assault using similar rules but giving the attacking force a larger army is the way to go. Alternatively we may play a game where we each control half of the attacking force and race against each other, fighting a pre programmed force of defenders, to reach certain objectives. As is often the case this scenario has given us ideas for more siege games which we will try in the future.</div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-57377198391941467232023-04-07T01:01:00.001-07:002023-04-07T01:01:27.555-07:00"Sack Leith and burn and subvert it and all the rest", the assault on Leith, 1544<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp0KIk6Vzz5y3JrTRjaemuq3iDhsFznWlRN9JEv3aaXh_eI9fMi0qyQDCtaV0BR1CtVMi3lAdLxVaQmZKvDmYftf4FU5do2HUwB4ACHKXBmmJZEAXPGa5CNVfDnxYYMEhiNRdyB9gcRpQW_SVEjgkXpUKuartgUECctp5ulwW_dBqdzY6cf1qhixovXg/s2048/1.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp0KIk6Vzz5y3JrTRjaemuq3iDhsFznWlRN9JEv3aaXh_eI9fMi0qyQDCtaV0BR1CtVMi3lAdLxVaQmZKvDmYftf4FU5do2HUwB4ACHKXBmmJZEAXPGa5CNVfDnxYYMEhiNRdyB9gcRpQW_SVEjgkXpUKuartgUECctp5ulwW_dBqdzY6cf1qhixovXg/w400-h300/1.jpg" width="400" /></a><br /><br /></div>The second game of Stuart's recent visit saw us move forward into the mid 1500s with a scenario based around Edward Seymour, the Earl of Hertford's, invasion of Scotland in 1544. Those of you who have followed this blog for while will know that I have been slowly building up forces for the 1540s English campaigns, in fact my first post on the 1540s troops was back in 2014, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2014/04/tudor-arquebusiers.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2014/04/tudor-arquebusiers.html</a>. The Tudor campaigns of the 1540s in Scotland, France and domestically with Kett's and the Prayer Book rebellions have fascinated me for years and provide a host of scenarios for wargames. <div><br /></div><div><div><u>The Assault on Leith, 4th May 1544</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The 1 July 1543 saw the Treaty of Greenwich between Scotland and England, the terms of which betrothed Henry VIII's son Edward to the seven month year old Mary Queen of Scots. The infant Queen had inherited the Scottish throne following the death of her father, James V, in December 1542. The proposed peace between the two kingdoms would not take place, in the sixteenth century at least, as the agreement was soon revoked by the Scots Parliament. A furious Henry VIII had seen the treaty as a means to keeping Scotland quiet whilst he pursued his chief objective of invading France. If he could not subdue Scotland by peace he would do so by war. Henry knew only too well, following the events of 1513, that if he wanted to invade France, then its northern ally, Scotland, had to be dealt with first. <br /><br />Henry appointed Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, to conduct a campaign in the north ordering him to: "<i>Put all to fire and sword, burn Edinburgh town, so raised and defaced when you have sacked and gotten what you can of it, that there may remain forever a perpetual memory of the vengeance of God upon them for their falsehood and disloyalty. Do what you can out of hand, and without long tarrying, to beat down and overthrow the castle, sack Holyrood house, and as many towns and villages about Edinburgh, as you may conveniently. Sack Leith and burn and subvert it and all the rest, putting man, woman and child to fire and sword without exception where any resistance shall be made against you</i>". This was intended to be a chevauchée style campaign, very different from the campaign Hertford would conduct three years later as the Lord Protector.</div><div><br /></div><div>On 1 May 1544 Hertford and his 16,000 strong army were carried by 200 ships from Newcastle arriving in the Firth of Forth on 3 May. A party of English troops rowed to St Mynettes and finding the town undefended put it to the torch whilst taking any boats they could find to aid with the main English landing. That night the English fleet anchored off Inchkeith intending to take Leith the following day. The morning of 4th May saw the English land rapidly two miles west of Leith. The Vanguard was led by John Dudley, the Lord Admiral, Hertford took command of the main battle and Francis Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, commanded the rearguard. The English had no cavalry but they did disembark some lighter artillery pieces which could be manhandled into action.</div><div><br /></div><div>As the English advanced toward Leith a defending Scots force of around 6,000 men comprising cavalry, infantry and artillery, blocked their path under the command of the regent, James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, Cardinal Beaton and the Earls of Huntly, Moray and Bothwell. Coming under fire from the Scots artillery the numerically superior English army attacked with a force of arquebusiers under Captain Peter Mewtys overrunning the Scottish guns. An account published in London later that year and entitled "<i>The Late Expedition in Scotland made by the King's highness' army under the conduct of the Right Honourable the Earl of Hertford in 1544</i>" describes this clash: "<i>And in a valley, upon the right hand, near unto the said town, the Scots were assembled to the number of 5,000 or 6000 horsemen, besides a good number of footmen ; to impeach the passage of our said army ; in which place, they had laid their artillery at two straits through which we must needs pass, if we minded to achieve our enterprise. And seeming, at the first, as though they would set upon the Vanguard : when they perceived our men so willing to encounter with them, namely, the Cardinal, who was there present, perceiving our devotion to see his holiness to be such as we were ready to wet our feet for that purpose, and to pass a ford which was between us and them ; after certain shot of artillery on both sides : they made a sudden retreat ; and leaving their artillery behind them, fled towards Edinburgh. The first man that fled was the holy Cardinal like a valiant champion ; and with him the Governor, the Earls of Hunlty, Murray and Bothwell, with divers other great men of the realm. At this passage, were two Englishmen hurt with the shot of their artillery ; and two Scottish men slain with our artillery.</i>" After a brief clash the Scots forces withdrew from the field.</div><div><br /></div><div>Leith itself also had a defending force which had fortified the town with a trench and artillery. Carried by the momentum of their first attack the English immediately stormed the town with support from their archers and arquebusiers. The 1544 account continues to describe the assault: "<i>The Vanguard having thus put back the Scots, and eight pieces of their artillery brought away by our hackbutters, who in this enterprise did very manfully employ themselves, we marched directly towards the town of Leith ; which before we could come to, we must of force pass another passage, which also was defended a while with certain ensigns of footmen and certain pieces of artillery, who being sharply assailed, having three of the gunners slain with our archers, were fain to give place ; leaving also their ordnance behind them, with which ordnance they slew only one of our men and hurt another. And in this brunt, the victory being earnestly followed, the Town of Leith was entered perforce and won with the loss only of two men of ours and hurt of three : where the Scots had cast great trenches and ditches purposely to have defended it.</i>"</div><div><br /></div><div>That night the English camped within Leith, protected by the trenches dug to keep them out. The town was plundered and two larger ships, the Salamander and Unicorn were captured. The 1544 account provides the details: "<i>The same night, the army encamped in the said Town of Leith ; and by reason of the said ditches and trenches, we made there a strong camp. The morrow, being the 5th of May, we caused our ships ladened with our great artillery and victuals to be brought into the haven ; where we discharged the same at our pleasure. In the said haven, we found many goodly ships, specially two of notable fairness : the one called the Salamander given by the French king at the marriage of his daughter into Scotland, the other called the Unicorn, made by the late Scottish king James V. The town of Leith was found more full of riches than we thought to have found any Scottish town to have been.</i>" Having unloaded the victuals and heavier artillery Hertford's army would attack Edinburgh on 6 May.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQoc6k6xzXZ9Yd0k2cjZLYWYqWzjs2Cbzrjd9tyFL-At4Zw6_Zr_T2tVCAoW7Iu2VfSxOoItya82TUKpGTz8DbdkoH2Rb3hhORDRw5w7hxhsT5cMWiHcKVKglzHGW-7jutybz0sNnHtT_SOT_nQlkKAqJchkjIuvNN2bPrzCAXB_JEacbslekot6Zxcw/s2048/337659869_678039834077653_2778000614174761696_n.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQoc6k6xzXZ9Yd0k2cjZLYWYqWzjs2Cbzrjd9tyFL-At4Zw6_Zr_T2tVCAoW7Iu2VfSxOoItya82TUKpGTz8DbdkoH2Rb3hhORDRw5w7hxhsT5cMWiHcKVKglzHGW-7jutybz0sNnHtT_SOT_nQlkKAqJchkjIuvNN2bPrzCAXB_JEacbslekot6Zxcw/w300-h400/337659869_678039834077653_2778000614174761696_n.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The calm before the storm. The harbour of Leith.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjofuGACV-u_y9GHN7lmXrb4-vV98b9SnN8P5tDmVCXJi0ZYbU3r46oltf6h3x-xfo6HpXxg05XIi2h_beCy4Wx3o6g5o7b-K8UGEHyZFiu2Y937InhIYNTmeUNX8wJ05Kyb3vY40totgQBhpG4W7g4dESvsnGPuiKMex0dUdgqBpFbemIPFEH5K1_spQ/s4268/P1110730.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2936" data-original-width="4268" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjofuGACV-u_y9GHN7lmXrb4-vV98b9SnN8P5tDmVCXJi0ZYbU3r46oltf6h3x-xfo6HpXxg05XIi2h_beCy4Wx3o6g5o7b-K8UGEHyZFiu2Y937InhIYNTmeUNX8wJ05Kyb3vY40totgQBhpG4W7g4dESvsnGPuiKMex0dUdgqBpFbemIPFEH5K1_spQ/w400-h275/P1110730.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table. Part of the English Vanguard under Captain Peter Mewtys prepares to storm the trenches and take the town of Leith.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Scenario</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Keen to use my new harbour terrain and boat this game focused on the English Vanguard attacking Leith itself and was played using our "Renaissance Rampant" modified version of "Lion Rampant.<br /><br />The Scots player could place two units and two Culverins defending the town but the rest of the Scots force had to start at the other end of the Leith from the English. The English deployed outside the town and took the first turn. </div><div><br /></div><div>The English would win if they could place a unit within the harbour tile (the one which featured the boat in the photos) for two turns in a row. The Scots would win if they could prevent this.</div><div><br /></div><div>The trench provided cover and was difficult terrain for movement and combat.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf4HLYmhQ4g1zUP278O8IXvs_mXB7bbWrMz_T1W2XFXedAMpX-_EY6s8LY34SjJ_FoGcuAfra7hPtjc6rVu3A06cq-ud2mv3rph0ynM-X2VSHF-v-IxETGbmfuVhOLcDR6E9eCkB1yVbjmOWi-1zubrQe1ZQx9J3hwa48D0gf1cbZhf6qetg-9NspdmA/s3784/P1110736.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2176" data-original-width="3784" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf4HLYmhQ4g1zUP278O8IXvs_mXB7bbWrMz_T1W2XFXedAMpX-_EY6s8LY34SjJ_FoGcuAfra7hPtjc6rVu3A06cq-ud2mv3rph0ynM-X2VSHF-v-IxETGbmfuVhOLcDR6E9eCkB1yVbjmOWi-1zubrQe1ZQx9J3hwa48D0gf1cbZhf6qetg-9NspdmA/w400-h230/P1110736.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of the <i>"certain pieces of artillery"</i> prepared for the defence of the town.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><u>The Armies<br /></u><br /><div><u>The English Vanguard</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Captain Peter Mewtys retinue leader)</div><div>2 Units of English Arquebusiers</div><div>3 Units of Shire Bow</div><div>2 Units of Garrison Billmen</div><div>1 Culverin</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Defenders of Leith</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Retinue Foot (Scots Captain defending Leith, retinue leader) </div><div>2 Culverins</div><div>2 Units of Scots Arquebusiers</div><div>2 Units of Lowland Pike</div><div>2 Units of Border Foot</div><div>1 Unit of Border Horse<br /><br />Stuart took control of the English for this game whilst I commanded the defenders of Leith. The photo captions relay the action well but a brief description of the game also follows.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPllKGfz-fYNgcmEFqvbNokrZcwITqZ880glrAuWQhSSxPX1KygU6fn1-jY6y93HHsCzYN4BWtJpacfhtiDayPiYrrDKQzL2e0UezwIhSv83WYev7Igmp2EEkYBv1xzjUm4HBOTHiCS2oBPVdGyHAKB5CVZuNV14bL__P8r-698OZ1hKN7yLA6J7farw/s4608/P1110744.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2388" data-original-width="4608" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPllKGfz-fYNgcmEFqvbNokrZcwITqZ880glrAuWQhSSxPX1KygU6fn1-jY6y93HHsCzYN4BWtJpacfhtiDayPiYrrDKQzL2e0UezwIhSv83WYev7Igmp2EEkYBv1xzjUm4HBOTHiCS2oBPVdGyHAKB5CVZuNV14bL__P8r-698OZ1hKN7yLA6J7farw/w400-h208/P1110744.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scots arquebusiers put up a stout defence from the trench, supported by some borderers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXyjL2_nA8Jt4-3a6CcZaNipojvkUR_Zr0fupFajli-NJ0UuiT1JwpaoMnq4mVb4zmH1hfwWUkeAS1pGOq_HabZM9t_RKaFWMtA3zKXIkhaH9UugNOjeXyBwmj6RTBGsaH4BNCCH2-CJWONRLWYd7gWUi-N2KjHsh6K7bjREAPfuh-JyQ0qwHPxgiLzQ/s2048/P1110751.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1612" data-original-width="2048" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXyjL2_nA8Jt4-3a6CcZaNipojvkUR_Zr0fupFajli-NJ0UuiT1JwpaoMnq4mVb4zmH1hfwWUkeAS1pGOq_HabZM9t_RKaFWMtA3zKXIkhaH9UugNOjeXyBwmj6RTBGsaH4BNCCH2-CJWONRLWYd7gWUi-N2KjHsh6K7bjREAPfuh-JyQ0qwHPxgiLzQ/w400-h315/P1110751.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scots troops rush through the harbour to take up position and defend the town.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYoMP0PVtRT6mJJkb66iI2t717njBJDhzhstDuiF9-Izo6Eoxp6w9aRlPp6RT42ORCBuPEuENieU2bm4rffjM5v7N5uTJyxmsg2AzjnhgUNDWuq_yrtG-JBuPFdFeQK42huAjm2CiHhxHvGv-SLvgwEFeViBL3SKF1qEzYZPEI2AyQ9rRBll5c_tRIqg/s2416/P1110760.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2416" data-original-width="2392" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYoMP0PVtRT6mJJkb66iI2t717njBJDhzhstDuiF9-Izo6Eoxp6w9aRlPp6RT42ORCBuPEuENieU2bm4rffjM5v7N5uTJyxmsg2AzjnhgUNDWuq_yrtG-JBuPFdFeQK42huAjm2CiHhxHvGv-SLvgwEFeViBL3SKF1qEzYZPEI2AyQ9rRBll5c_tRIqg/w396-h400/P1110760.JPG" width="396" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The English begin the assault on the town.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PxfPEc6mJeVi8heSjrioKXp9I1apQtpXpDkPEAWoUGaIbe79LwTRcYEeotM-c_18on04zQ5eDJf2WSSUFKqlgFvRSH6eA7bA_B_VE9-MNhAlhSGxhZQooNmbjMpCr-JOjC5qWzhIn-m6UbWHELq47-Or9Yh7cUNnwtbOVZ57u3rAOe7eXSHBUZmNFQ/s2048/P1110753.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PxfPEc6mJeVi8heSjrioKXp9I1apQtpXpDkPEAWoUGaIbe79LwTRcYEeotM-c_18on04zQ5eDJf2WSSUFKqlgFvRSH6eA7bA_B_VE9-MNhAlhSGxhZQooNmbjMpCr-JOjC5qWzhIn-m6UbWHELq47-Or9Yh7cUNnwtbOVZ57u3rAOe7eXSHBUZmNFQ/w400-h300/P1110753.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scots troops await the attack in Leith.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhePqlktbkUtSZTmZShBgSB-meAeEsESc32_CkGh7gvEd3ohrf-KLU048l4oNuhelgPsS9dC6WxYdvS5J6wY0NkLO_3102FZJa77dFiSjXDfYFeyhhaZ2VjB4XBHC8krzMpDlzWMzgYq8ISACIm_amhVDkvVfihnj7q33_XJjyezPasOAl2ssefoMMh2Q/s1280/P1110771%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhePqlktbkUtSZTmZShBgSB-meAeEsESc32_CkGh7gvEd3ohrf-KLU048l4oNuhelgPsS9dC6WxYdvS5J6wY0NkLO_3102FZJa77dFiSjXDfYFeyhhaZ2VjB4XBHC8krzMpDlzWMzgYq8ISACIm_amhVDkvVfihnj7q33_XJjyezPasOAl2ssefoMMh2Q/w400-h300/P1110771%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">English archers and billmen enter the "<i>great trenches and ditches</i>" dug to defend the town. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiATrpPXaw_mIPdKzGLySuJ0HU6IVKwBhDhctgREtuQeB71nnZQlQUxDRRoMULPofivHnNYAFzVSRM-Qp1ks9KKVh_vLMPOyslgdnfKk_VXYvkj5-Vfk0saxeY16MAjskhuWVQAiCwbGjoShZhbXbAcdAcIbYg70F13OtR4Ml1eyoOU8R2NFwN0CsnFwQ/s3116/P1110777.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2300" data-original-width="3116" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiATrpPXaw_mIPdKzGLySuJ0HU6IVKwBhDhctgREtuQeB71nnZQlQUxDRRoMULPofivHnNYAFzVSRM-Qp1ks9KKVh_vLMPOyslgdnfKk_VXYvkj5-Vfk0saxeY16MAjskhuWVQAiCwbGjoShZhbXbAcdAcIbYg70F13OtR4Ml1eyoOU8R2NFwN0CsnFwQ/w400-h295/P1110777.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A small artillery piece has been disembarked from the English fleet and manhandled into position. It is used to clear the trenches of Scots defenders.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf5TEnvNo3vESJGwOoz_Z0fzMlel2OizdISF-NdYD4DV7IrhIgDGrQKUkW_4qoeQ6_ZSNPgXUeTmHtSArZgvfSHFifbEB4H_ImNWu1e2fVKJXVgkUSDIYNO8oDiTVd__K7wzBgU8iF4lTX7jqfsBFczwcrg0cr3qJApU3_249mhhC0nBDEhYQ1-y_U9w/s1280/P1110779%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf5TEnvNo3vESJGwOoz_Z0fzMlel2OizdISF-NdYD4DV7IrhIgDGrQKUkW_4qoeQ6_ZSNPgXUeTmHtSArZgvfSHFifbEB4H_ImNWu1e2fVKJXVgkUSDIYNO8oDiTVd__K7wzBgU8iF4lTX7jqfsBFczwcrg0cr3qJApU3_249mhhC0nBDEhYQ1-y_U9w/w400-h300/P1110779%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The English come under fire as they approach the town.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOgt_9Wsdcpy6c47a0RMDo-2vqPf44hK6vLw4Fa0eAtqABdU88Mxgz8z5wcWF4nDS5H3EWH7n2cgPPck-yl7w3T8N0Y_v-e8owaCcqiJI_aSD33WSzM2kCi62q4BDRMKn6zT-HU4KWVdmIQ5keMgpeZ83-hBz47G4iCx31uoQXT-MwsaM01Pc9XbKmOA/s4124/P1110780.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2572" data-original-width="4124" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOgt_9Wsdcpy6c47a0RMDo-2vqPf44hK6vLw4Fa0eAtqABdU88Mxgz8z5wcWF4nDS5H3EWH7n2cgPPck-yl7w3T8N0Y_v-e8owaCcqiJI_aSD33WSzM2kCi62q4BDRMKn6zT-HU4KWVdmIQ5keMgpeZ83-hBz47G4iCx31uoQXT-MwsaM01Pc9XbKmOA/w400-h250/P1110780.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the English attack on Leith.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi07kiAVAaYoosfJgO8cs54IAwtl517lIvZfkPc4bR2DTD7lm_bjXZKE1S4cvkbhCYrNx4dSb2ck8ElPbxWLwxJbpZDOQ2SfISPvGwqilPim8avAoHqXyx5xgfuO18vrJ0R9BLSeO0EiKCCpCtHC-lNfbiIVgagAR5pHsMVZrFuBciMbSBdSMKzbVwJrg/s4068/P1110794.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2736" data-original-width="4068" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi07kiAVAaYoosfJgO8cs54IAwtl517lIvZfkPc4bR2DTD7lm_bjXZKE1S4cvkbhCYrNx4dSb2ck8ElPbxWLwxJbpZDOQ2SfISPvGwqilPim8avAoHqXyx5xgfuO18vrJ0R9BLSeO0EiKCCpCtHC-lNfbiIVgagAR5pHsMVZrFuBciMbSBdSMKzbVwJrg/w400-h269/P1110794.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There is skirmishing in the trenches as English billmen...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvV3E5gCDHsB8axJ5YPzz2qioV3xoAkDz48WaA5oJ6XlChhPqQBX_CuW43God1-8OaZyMYYWuX1riz3dcNZeePUWd84LfAa2ZBx0yhqDQtbF1JhIn_rAb8IbKS-m8lsTHZp5YPh8N-9ycs1gHZI_qM17_xS7GHU9BQ-Dj1UVha9rXpC1cTGT3Hysu8-A/s3456/P1110799.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2688" data-original-width="3456" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvV3E5gCDHsB8axJ5YPzz2qioV3xoAkDz48WaA5oJ6XlChhPqQBX_CuW43God1-8OaZyMYYWuX1riz3dcNZeePUWd84LfAa2ZBx0yhqDQtbF1JhIn_rAb8IbKS-m8lsTHZp5YPh8N-9ycs1gHZI_qM17_xS7GHU9BQ-Dj1UVha9rXpC1cTGT3Hysu8-A/w400-h311/P1110799.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and archers attempt to clear them.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Captain Peter Mewtys ordered the English drums to beat and his troops advanced on Leith. Immediately they came under fire from Scots arquebusiers in the trenches and a shoot out developed between the arquebusiers and the archers of both sides. Despite the initial English advantage in numbers they could not drive the Scots from the trenches. Even when a small artillery piece was moved into position and used to fire along the trench the Scots held firm.<br /><br />Whilst the fighting developed around the trenches on the English left flank on the English right, where the trench had not been defended, the attackers met with more success. They were able to quickly advance on the town, the arquebusiers routing a force of border horse sent to oppose them. The "<i>Town of Leith was entered perforce" </i>and before one of the Scots culverins could open fire the crew had been shot down by the rapidly advancing English arquebusiers.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5_BpcjnVNoZ4_Z06c_tDP6IWXA7Et_LpBDRXbNonbMP6zX16bY9FRWuUPrCX80oQbzunbQSqKz5h5F0wwMr9HvsyGR0JZTKOy-thYmKWakfcDTlGsnss5OZpxG6_sWKgAT1RWxSChzCIhE1CEwQKviiB4BWiVNgn75xKklGrQFgzh_4jMLyl2uO-R7A/s4608/P1110820.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5_BpcjnVNoZ4_Z06c_tDP6IWXA7Et_LpBDRXbNonbMP6zX16bY9FRWuUPrCX80oQbzunbQSqKz5h5F0wwMr9HvsyGR0JZTKOy-thYmKWakfcDTlGsnss5OZpxG6_sWKgAT1RWxSChzCIhE1CEwQKviiB4BWiVNgn75xKklGrQFgzh_4jMLyl2uO-R7A/w400-h300/P1110820.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One group of English "<i style="text-align: left;">hackbutters"</i> see a way into the town and fire on the Scots border horse forcing them to flee.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitKQJnpuCclo47LuJ7_h6323qI1w0iQ1FiX-ynPxy4NfALlMXAl-smEeZz6zjEyLZQtYsJ9zwtWVmxQFSex_9himMNaPMbA82u3MtAdlljqeYZLwdYDECFnHPTxeu3GJiTGLoMshwunp5b5L4iWJbZbk766KrR0eWVKVqxwW-k2PZq9s_3L3s6Z0zHVA/s1080/P1110821.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="810" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitKQJnpuCclo47LuJ7_h6323qI1w0iQ1FiX-ynPxy4NfALlMXAl-smEeZz6zjEyLZQtYsJ9zwtWVmxQFSex_9himMNaPMbA82u3MtAdlljqeYZLwdYDECFnHPTxeu3GJiTGLoMshwunp5b5L4iWJbZbk766KrR0eWVKVqxwW-k2PZq9s_3L3s6Z0zHVA/w300-h400/P1110821.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">More Scots defenders advance to take on the English.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSvyygN0wNPpFhx84e8DxGYFuvA5hP7lkSskF_kvPYQOu7eR7xmGnqD4kPk_93jpeSttRDke82-y2xZjZU-ER36PenkiqqM9dLAzoT_vf3xfIp7UitLT_GPbKb2DrBEI229ttD2zLnQge30ePT9X4_zswJLcYL5V2jFmWAODzB49OmKR77GlQlo7okfw/s2048/P1110824.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSvyygN0wNPpFhx84e8DxGYFuvA5hP7lkSskF_kvPYQOu7eR7xmGnqD4kPk_93jpeSttRDke82-y2xZjZU-ER36PenkiqqM9dLAzoT_vf3xfIp7UitLT_GPbKb2DrBEI229ttD2zLnQge30ePT9X4_zswJLcYL5V2jFmWAODzB49OmKR77GlQlo7okfw/w300-h400/P1110824.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The defenders of Leith prepare to fire on the attackers...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgImp1jdXz_s0z3dfw0ScUYdGmLQF-1fAC4Ad1i8sNQ_G8Tpy065YbmZ6OwBNMRTP3Xv4-lWdnuJFf7K8A0JbzthcdAubueNystcxGEsRxmxup8OvKDDuXLuVyA3gBXcUvd33eFrAa2WN0XQbOseP1Fa9v08TTiLtFef3yd4r925Uv8Hx95D9kF1ZdW6Q/s3928/P1110830.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3928" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgImp1jdXz_s0z3dfw0ScUYdGmLQF-1fAC4Ad1i8sNQ_G8Tpy065YbmZ6OwBNMRTP3Xv4-lWdnuJFf7K8A0JbzthcdAubueNystcxGEsRxmxup8OvKDDuXLuVyA3gBXcUvd33eFrAa2WN0XQbOseP1Fa9v08TTiLtFef3yd4r925Uv8Hx95D9kF1ZdW6Q/w353-h400/P1110830.JPG" width="353" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but before they can bring the gun to bear they are "<i>sharply assailed</i>" by some of Mewtys' "<i style="text-align: left;">hackbutters"</i> and slain. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFIqXvfztt9xDxmuHOeghRyn5cXiXSaRYGAx2Y8RJGr9wtcWB3R4eeNrZxTDkhl7DiNHQYGb_UOZCdcGrfjG6N7rqw5dNiZG05pFI7wMZ-9hbFHrnDk4BXHBpcetnV66i9yXSUDjf1FWWH_YpoF_Ckrcainv6rne5YyThi0knfPinzWWBoAgtoC9sHSQ/s4608/P1110853.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFIqXvfztt9xDxmuHOeghRyn5cXiXSaRYGAx2Y8RJGr9wtcWB3R4eeNrZxTDkhl7DiNHQYGb_UOZCdcGrfjG6N7rqw5dNiZG05pFI7wMZ-9hbFHrnDk4BXHBpcetnV66i9yXSUDjf1FWWH_YpoF_Ckrcainv6rne5YyThi0knfPinzWWBoAgtoC9sHSQ/w400-h300/P1110853.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An overview of the fighting around the trenches.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguTl9BiZO9o7PeOdQjhzovvHI0_azaxGKwxbO9ryYIYYpky6xvugnbQEHbJ6M4AstNxQD7eEtqzR1C7e0KPZr4P8dJmWFuqwRHeGuzHXj4ux41yNfgSPht7sIvkM4zd2KPuyC-_wHMgXKstopJiFQl2af-FIslJ0fhIS_FSYPvsinuGJDb_EREeXfUbQ/s4608/P1110854.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3204" data-original-width="4608" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguTl9BiZO9o7PeOdQjhzovvHI0_azaxGKwxbO9ryYIYYpky6xvugnbQEHbJ6M4AstNxQD7eEtqzR1C7e0KPZr4P8dJmWFuqwRHeGuzHXj4ux41yNfgSPht7sIvkM4zd2KPuyC-_wHMgXKstopJiFQl2af-FIslJ0fhIS_FSYPvsinuGJDb_EREeXfUbQ/w400-h279/P1110854.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A fire fight is taking place between the English and Scots arquebusiers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF-ciM7BVLHJjGZA1O1a3RaY0MNDp6komuo3mQBuu9NDsD5qXv4Nxq0oNJzK7MMjyOlnxLoiaUOfODIRqRoddVdAHPsAcaBd5NF-SL7Kicgr7QHFTm_q_YT2exlvJKwnaEEAQDvWBxZbCe-HCdjJBZY42T9f_F2cpCKiQ-a4B-p-krBuA1atQD660Gbg/s4608/P1110856.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF-ciM7BVLHJjGZA1O1a3RaY0MNDp6komuo3mQBuu9NDsD5qXv4Nxq0oNJzK7MMjyOlnxLoiaUOfODIRqRoddVdAHPsAcaBd5NF-SL7Kicgr7QHFTm_q_YT2exlvJKwnaEEAQDvWBxZbCe-HCdjJBZY42T9f_F2cpCKiQ-a4B-p-krBuA1atQD660Gbg/w400-h300/P1110856.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On the English right flank the attack is having more success...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyaKNvP5cJBbBA6aS8Iy1Qd-Jk7TrUpgANnOR_8TR7w6cP-C8KFj0mjgDDHw3SoNHhDwheBkSsHbE8gzlQVaoo7oOX0m7lV3sPNw9rM1Af8VAPesU2H0iWJ2lyDYnN7bW8SwlAj48VprS_vSuhB6GI3zBnHx2uHsFc8I1AlrJW3cDWVFOiEDoUl3-qgg/s4608/P1110860.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyaKNvP5cJBbBA6aS8Iy1Qd-Jk7TrUpgANnOR_8TR7w6cP-C8KFj0mjgDDHw3SoNHhDwheBkSsHbE8gzlQVaoo7oOX0m7lV3sPNw9rM1Af8VAPesU2H0iWJ2lyDYnN7bW8SwlAj48VprS_vSuhB6GI3zBnHx2uHsFc8I1AlrJW3cDWVFOiEDoUl3-qgg/w400-h300/P1110860.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...the English enter the streets and the Scots captain leading the defence is shot by an arquebusier.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4ECG-4ZzIK_sMREOEvBoM174J4rjgfr7Q9WUuN8rjRZD2YCjpdcAmvYRA6JoL8MSevnav2A1oLwxSQfEGFCe4Al0YxdGzGpOUAbyXD2NPsvq33-U1cVDD-3VXLJJgOMHPtJmiQxBqkR6jJZf-d1jF0ZjTwGS3oUn68JLLd4iie41rwXPzzoFZ2ci08g/s4608/P1110866.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4ECG-4ZzIK_sMREOEvBoM174J4rjgfr7Q9WUuN8rjRZD2YCjpdcAmvYRA6JoL8MSevnav2A1oLwxSQfEGFCe4Al0YxdGzGpOUAbyXD2NPsvq33-U1cVDD-3VXLJJgOMHPtJmiQxBqkR6jJZf-d1jF0ZjTwGS3oUn68JLLd4iie41rwXPzzoFZ2ci08g/w400-h300/P1110866.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">English billmen have entered the outskirts of the town.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyWTV2GWPHLtKYfxmDR9BGk6Mzb5S4TZpEahWB2ofJ_IzjGSqX2ovnc3eT_foA6W13J8oC4fL6m_yaq2plDlrlvzBpBJshimfh_QYYVv8TN7a_4o9uMzUOiKrZsjPkq4m6M7YYi2P37kgLPJmtlkfHif0nTYQUg7CLxL5CoDxzZsOT3H8bJEFc4TBXow/s4608/P1110869.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyWTV2GWPHLtKYfxmDR9BGk6Mzb5S4TZpEahWB2ofJ_IzjGSqX2ovnc3eT_foA6W13J8oC4fL6m_yaq2plDlrlvzBpBJshimfh_QYYVv8TN7a_4o9uMzUOiKrZsjPkq4m6M7YYi2P37kgLPJmtlkfHif0nTYQUg7CLxL5CoDxzZsOT3H8bJEFc4TBXow/w400-h300/P1110869.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scots pike advance to engage the attackers but come under heavy fire from the English arquebusiers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9h-QlAl7oIyP2SOu8turzCI8uyFdY46LTVOoGnE5mT6b4oxKQRKx4CycnC_man51vZEMMvO0P9Q5A_LkLLqAfZvDsWE7Xng3tQixQdtsckMAPdssnF5vvFfxdA8ZobnYZ6nTUCfi5O8X1h0EaAqzO73HpGDjx5oIUDUO0MpgeV_sCLGBtmFIDkCcy8A/s4608/P1110871.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9h-QlAl7oIyP2SOu8turzCI8uyFdY46LTVOoGnE5mT6b4oxKQRKx4CycnC_man51vZEMMvO0P9Q5A_LkLLqAfZvDsWE7Xng3tQixQdtsckMAPdssnF5vvFfxdA8ZobnYZ6nTUCfi5O8X1h0EaAqzO73HpGDjx5oIUDUO0MpgeV_sCLGBtmFIDkCcy8A/w400-h300/P1110871.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fierce fighting taking place in the trenches...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQtlxhYPQY64XVqIE7iSpEuA1OgbuKucDn_jaO3iu6a9qF4zE8qwAykvpnOYhEb2Gwqfg6Dpy32h1ow9IsuQxUZsLDB1sYf_cgBjiQUjovzOsm15N-2Y9tjlj_L2Acn3FAa4Uh45LduZdMOYVfGw8OHzVnXsFLhQrrbZ23Gc0rxFUvtkNik6ylo2XEWQ/s4608/P1110875.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQtlxhYPQY64XVqIE7iSpEuA1OgbuKucDn_jaO3iu6a9qF4zE8qwAykvpnOYhEb2Gwqfg6Dpy32h1ow9IsuQxUZsLDB1sYf_cgBjiQUjovzOsm15N-2Y9tjlj_L2Acn3FAa4Uh45LduZdMOYVfGw8OHzVnXsFLhQrrbZ23Gc0rxFUvtkNik6ylo2XEWQ/w400-h300/P1110875.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but on the English right flank Captain Peter Mewtys' men push forward.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The fighting around the trenches on the English left flank grew fiercer with English billmen entering the fray and battling Scots borderers at close quarters. Supported by archers and arquebusiers the English billmen managed to clear the Scots defences but they had sustained heavy casualties in the process and were nowhere close to capturing the harbour.<br /><br />Mewty's saw where a breakthrough could be made and joined his men on the right flank as they forced their way into the town. The unfortunate Scots captain and his retainers were shot down in the narrow streets by the marauding English <span style="text-align: center;">"</span><span><i>hackbutters". </i>This</span><span> shook the morale of the defending force</span><i>. </i><span>Scots pike then joined the fighting in Leith's streets only to be pushed back by the English billmen and their supporting arquebusiers who seemed unstoppable as they fired into the close ordered Scots. The towns defenders crumbled and Captain Peter </span><span style="text-align: center;">Mewtys took command of the harbour being pleasantly surprised that the "</span><i>town of Leith was found more full of riches" </i>than he could have imagined.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu8OflcUTiVEUVGLW_ng2b_ybw97XkBK70sRpTaa9rW3VpvIf3G4gWVYclOuTBoOj4Tr01bC3vT7Nkh6U7JBVRD4HC3x3vUkQFPNo5biM8A3CQRPL-rlyQdnuRRyZpyn7fQwITOZHgJkCkwVFK16Fa5WnoCv1T90LD-2Swa7mA6SBT2u6xWeC2pHem5w/s1080/P1110884.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="810" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu8OflcUTiVEUVGLW_ng2b_ybw97XkBK70sRpTaa9rW3VpvIf3G4gWVYclOuTBoOj4Tr01bC3vT7Nkh6U7JBVRD4HC3x3vUkQFPNo5biM8A3CQRPL-rlyQdnuRRyZpyn7fQwITOZHgJkCkwVFK16Fa5WnoCv1T90LD-2Swa7mA6SBT2u6xWeC2pHem5w/w300-h400/P1110884.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The English "<i style="text-align: left;">hackbutters"</i> force back another unit of Scots pike.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisKXx_PSk0AppVGK5117N5isfF0BORRuh6UAsvjWoxbYmX5rDP1D9SfVsXydN86Fk63Yo5Off5wCVT_xra52ruislb2y_4q55G4cjN3gq-CAT9aAEqbPFHuEU3U6qw8UeO2sXvPlStSfrhSM9njHU0Vf6s5-G_GDVzP0HZLnbCTOXBdNDs9NE_NMAkng/s4305/P1110886.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3229" data-original-width="4305" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisKXx_PSk0AppVGK5117N5isfF0BORRuh6UAsvjWoxbYmX5rDP1D9SfVsXydN86Fk63Yo5Off5wCVT_xra52ruislb2y_4q55G4cjN3gq-CAT9aAEqbPFHuEU3U6qw8UeO2sXvPlStSfrhSM9njHU0Vf6s5-G_GDVzP0HZLnbCTOXBdNDs9NE_NMAkng/w400-h300/P1110886.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A melee breaks out in the streets...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX8qnsPktEx2adaA6fwTf7qoYIAeHh_UeJYrMK6NrCgPuibUejtAl25JzgvME2hd1602DeknFvri9XYY9A2HdFqmJ4lWVAQCj6xh1XCQOCNYbYLjBCASyyYIIIwD8ZwtvUbxtva8ejm9CCiQfh19vrPAZCaiz3VQvRkza-q6fmWsdiwE1z4-8fQrzzrA/s1280/thumbnail_IMG_4143.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX8qnsPktEx2adaA6fwTf7qoYIAeHh_UeJYrMK6NrCgPuibUejtAl25JzgvME2hd1602DeknFvri9XYY9A2HdFqmJ4lWVAQCj6xh1XCQOCNYbYLjBCASyyYIIIwD8ZwtvUbxtva8ejm9CCiQfh19vrPAZCaiz3VQvRkza-q6fmWsdiwE1z4-8fQrzzrA/w400-h300/thumbnail_IMG_4143.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but the town is lost and Captain Peter Mewtys captures the Scots ships the Salamander and the Unicorn.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> This was our first "Rough Wooing" game set in the 1540s and it was a lot of fun, despite Stuart's victory! It was great to use the harbour with Stuart's superb buildings and the merchant carrack, all of which helped to set the scene really well. Whilst we have played one game set in Ireland in 1539, <a href="https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/08/belahoe-1539.html">https://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/08/belahoe-1539.html</a>, this was our first step into the Tudor wars of the 1540s and it had a different feel to the games we have played set in the earlier Tudor period. Sources such as "<i>The Late Expedition in Scotland made by the King's highness..."</i> are a great inspiration for skirmish games and the 1540s is really well documented. This is certainly a Tudor decade we will be returning to.</div><div><p></p></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-36537812232600926952023-03-28T12:34:00.000-07:002023-03-28T12:34:40.132-07:00Linlithgow Bridge, 1526<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy1Me8hYB5m2IgZvYMJwdSzuxNGARwlwHE-VpUGchp95uYTQu-E3Nkr1vpO1dDHPzjF_6sX4_UJv-i9RIvu2AySc_DCrRm34hu7LJ9af1shiZBS3cXtVABZ8ogYaOM9hDd_UBAeNyv39KyqFvS_73q2V4Fd-jeB8v5LU8JE1szi0vXzbjE4AY15AQE9w/s2048/1%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy1Me8hYB5m2IgZvYMJwdSzuxNGARwlwHE-VpUGchp95uYTQu-E3Nkr1vpO1dDHPzjF_6sX4_UJv-i9RIvu2AySc_DCrRm34hu7LJ9af1shiZBS3cXtVABZ8ogYaOM9hDd_UBAeNyv39KyqFvS_73q2V4Fd-jeB8v5LU8JE1szi0vXzbjE4AY15AQE9w/w400-h300/1%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Last weekend Stuart visited and once again we delved into the politics of 1520s Scotland with the struggle for control of the young King James V. We played a refight of the Battle of Linlithgow Bridge to complete a series of games we started in December. As such this post forms a second part to the games covered here: <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/12/cleanse-causeway-edinburgh-1520.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/12/cleanse-causeway-edinburgh-1520.html</a>.<br /><br /><div><u>Linlithgow Bridge, 1526</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Following the failed attempt to rescue King James V from his step father, Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, at Melrose in July of 1526 , John Stewart, Earl of Lennox, left the Royal court for Stirling Castle. The following month at the head of 200 horsemen he attempted to rescue James from Edinburgh but the arrangements for the King's escape were discovered and the plot was foiled. With the failure of these two attempts Lennox decided his only option was to raise a much larger force in an attempt to free the King. The remaining borderers who had attempted to rescue James at Melrose continued to support Lennox whilst he rallied men from his own vassals and allies in the west. Support from James Beaton, the Chancellor, brought in lairds from Fife and Forfarshire. The Cunninghams, under the Earl of Glencairn, rallied to Lennox along with Lords Lindsay of Byres, Ross of Halkhead, Semple, Lyle and Avondale. Whilst the Earls of Cassillis and Argyll may have been favourable to Lennox's cause modern sources seem to differ on whether they provided any military support. Ken Edmond in his "<i>The Minority of James V</i>", argues Cassillis kept his support tacit having no charges pursued against him after the battle whilst Argyll was only mentioned by later sources as having been a Lennox supporter. <br /><br /></div><div>Sources also differ on the numbers both Lennox and Angus were able to raise for the subsequent clash. Ken Edmond argues that the numbers were probably around 3,000 a side as Angus stated Lennox raised 3,000 men whilst he only took 300 to the field, although this is obvously a case of Angus playing down his own forces. Jonathan Cooper in "<i>The Heart and the Rose, the Battle of Linlithgow Bridge</i>" relies on the slightly later chroniclers, Pitscottie and Drummond, to suggest Lennox rallied between 9,000 to 12,000 men whilst Arran mustered around 2,000-3,000 and Angus, supported by the Homes and Kerrs, brought a further 2,000-3,000 to the field. Whatever the actual numbers it does seem that Lennox was able to raise a larger force with which he headed from Stirling towards Edinburgh.</div><div><br /></div><div>On the 4th September 1526 as Lennox's forces marched towards Edinburgh, James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran, now allied to Douglas despite their fierce clash in Edinburgh some 6 years before, fortified a bridge across the river Avon, a couple of miles from the town of Linlithgow. Arran's main force deployed on Pace Hill (apparently so named after "peace" was made there at the end of the battle) giving his troops a good view of the routes into the town. Jonathan Cooper's above mentioned book on the battle gives various theories on how events unfolded. It seems the most likely course of the battle, and the one Cooper includes in the Osprey volume on Scottish Renaissance Armies, is that seeing the route over the bridge being blocked by the Hamiltons, Lennox left a smaller force and some of his guns on the other side of the river before marching upstream to a ford at Manuel Convent. Here Lennox's men crossed the Avon and formed up into two battles, one being led by Lennox and the other by Cuthert Cunningham, Earl of Glencairn. The two earls led their respective divisions up hill against the Hamilton forces, their forces breaking when Angus arrived on the field supported by the warlike borderers the Kerrs and Homes.</div><div><br /></div><div>Whilst Glencairn was wounded in the fighting Lennox was killed on the field under circumstances which fascinated later chroniclers. It seems that Lennox was either wounded and captured or was forced to surrender before possibly being murdered by Arran's son, Sir James Hamilton of Finnart. Hamilton of Finnart was one of the hot heads who had sparked the violence in Edinburgh during the "Cleanse the Causeway" affray. The tale of his murder of Lennox spread soon after the battle to such an extent that 5 years later when Matthew, son of the dead earl, and the Hamiltons, now under the 2nd Earl of Arran, made a contract of amity, in a bid to bury the hatchet between the families, Hamilton of Finnart was specifically required to deny that he had personally been responsible for the death of Lennox.</div><div><br /></div><div>Although Angus had demonstrated that he could not be dislodged militarily from power the battle also taught the young King James V a valuable lesson. He realised he would have to make his own plans to escape from Angus and the Douglas. Circumstance allowed this in 1528, with James managing to escape from Edinburgh and reach Stirling. Angus was slow in his attempt to recapture the King allowing James to rally support and force Angus into exile after a siege of the Douglas fortress of Tantallon.</div><div><br /></div></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjowuOKT_vBiqqge-73lD41bRFaS1cTyjUM-pBjaA-HSQ8j0FpRfqrHgccyvVyDumU7fr4k3FR2h5owyWdKJc-GOK9uz2U-HXbksPeTBirj7Jo3MEv_jTVTRjZx0SELMF7FUYkxTuT9JAyvAGFmP7M7vwl9-ycnfHx-IitI8CaSTxcY2JaQKwi9yAVK0Q/s3620/P1110450.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3044" data-original-width="3620" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjowuOKT_vBiqqge-73lD41bRFaS1cTyjUM-pBjaA-HSQ8j0FpRfqrHgccyvVyDumU7fr4k3FR2h5owyWdKJc-GOK9uz2U-HXbksPeTBirj7Jo3MEv_jTVTRjZx0SELMF7FUYkxTuT9JAyvAGFmP7M7vwl9-ycnfHx-IitI8CaSTxcY2JaQKwi9yAVK0Q/w400-h336/P1110450.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the battlefield from the Hamilton position. The bridge over the Avon is on the right whilst the Earl of Glencairn's troops with the Earl of Lennox and some of his men can be see at the top left.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnPKh62Tvy9GRpOQdPN475Vpf-lMzXTpdwrL4bkjq9NA-jIaZwxpY-qAAU2ramfvp7YlIDUBhgsPQAavlmpmE4C3Uv-AkvRykdiBeShzxKqoe520F1ucKimxxV40DIUolVVSLMPEnEXqm_BcmFtMHUK3ddABReByy704AGqZ2K3Co3gFLjYH3utj9JSA/s2368/P1110478.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2368" data-original-width="1696" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnPKh62Tvy9GRpOQdPN475Vpf-lMzXTpdwrL4bkjq9NA-jIaZwxpY-qAAU2ramfvp7YlIDUBhgsPQAavlmpmE4C3Uv-AkvRykdiBeShzxKqoe520F1ucKimxxV40DIUolVVSLMPEnEXqm_BcmFtMHUK3ddABReByy704AGqZ2K3Co3gFLjYH3utj9JSA/w286-h400/P1110478.JPG" width="286" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, stands behind his guns and observes Lennox's army.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Scenario</u></div><div><br /></div><div>As always the game was played using our modified "Renaissance Rampant" rules. Each player was in control of two retinues. Lennox's army had retinues led by the earls of Lennox and Glencairn whilst the Douglas faction was led by the earls of Angus and Arran.</div><div><br /></div><div>At the start of the game Arran's retinue was deployed in full at one end of the table with the bridge on its right flank with Glencairn's retinue and some of Lennox's opposing it at the other end. Most of the Lennox force was assumed to have already crossed the Avon at Manuel Convent.</div><div><br /></div><div>At the start of the game the Lennox player wrote down which units from the Lennox retinue he wanted to enter from the other side of the bridge. At a minimum both of his guns had to arrive from this table edge but he could assign as much of the Lennox retinue as he wanted to enter at the bridge, apart from Lennox's own Foot Knight unit.<br /><br /></div><div>The river could only be crossed at the bridge and the hill tiles counted as difficult terrain for movement and combat.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Angus's Arrival</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The Douglas player could roll to see if Angus arrived after the first hand to hand clash had taken place. On the turn after the first clash an 11+ on 2D6 would herald the arrival of Angus's retinue. The following turn a 10+ would mean Angus would arrive and the following turn a 9+ and so on. Angus's retinue would enter via the left flank of Arran's deployment area up to the midway point of the table. As soon as the correct roll was made the Douglas player had to bring at least three units on, one of which had to be Angus's unit of foot knights.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Victory Conditions</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The Victory Conditions in this game were simple. The Lennox army had to slay or rout Angus and Angus and the Douglas army had to slay or rout Lennox. As soon as one of these retinue leaders was slain or routed from the table the game would end.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCsTi04f0XH2uz8TE9uw8pKfhJqbNslsq5xzyJWWDvUXkGBh1tViOSpMhRC4X-CdlUujXzmXnmVsu1OKw9JyrCSRhjHhwi4WsOc8JKWixKt7oI-IMVIMQGdf-i7M99wEz4_UvtuMQRcDsofns_WtK2Q2QUlx8m4vSgV1skAyIqW7k2MU-LxR0TV9hSqw/s2852/P1110499.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2544" data-original-width="2852" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCsTi04f0XH2uz8TE9uw8pKfhJqbNslsq5xzyJWWDvUXkGBh1tViOSpMhRC4X-CdlUujXzmXnmVsu1OKw9JyrCSRhjHhwi4WsOc8JKWixKt7oI-IMVIMQGdf-i7M99wEz4_UvtuMQRcDsofns_WtK2Q2QUlx8m4vSgV1skAyIqW7k2MU-LxR0TV9hSqw/w400-h356/P1110499.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Highlanders and borderers from Lennox's army advance over Linlithgow Bridge.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Armies</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Lennox Faction</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>John Stewart, Earl of Lennox<br /><br /></u></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (John Stewart, Earl of Lennox, retinue leader)</div><div>2 Units of Lowland Pike</div><div>1 Unit of Retinue Foot</div><div>2 Culverins</div><div>2 Units of Border Foot (Scotts and Elliotts)</div><div>1 Unit of Highlanders</div><div>1 Unit of Caterans</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Cuthert Cunningham, Earl of Glencairn<br /><br /></u></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Cuthert Cunningham, Earl of Glencairn, retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (John Lindsay, 5th Lord Lindsay)</div><div>1 Unit of Retinue Foot</div><div>2 Units of Lowland Pike</div><div>1 Unit of Scots Arquebusiers<br /><br /></div><div><u>The Douglas Faction</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus<br /><br /></u></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (George Home, 4th Lord Home) </div><div>2 Units of Lowland Pike</div><div>3 Units of Border Foot (Homes and Kerrs)</div><div><br /></div><div><u>James Hamilton, Earl of Arran<br /><br /></u></div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Retinue Foot (Sir James Hamilton of Finnart)</div><div>2 Units of Lowland Pike</div><div>1 Unit of Scots Arquebusiers</div><div>2 Culverins</div><div>1 Organ Gun to assign to 1 unit</div><div><br />We diced to see who took control of each army which resulted in Stuart taking control of the Douglas faction with me in command of Lennox and his supporters. A brief write up of the game follows and as ever the photos and captions are a good way to follow the action.<br /><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgabTy67ni8ScJF9TuoLEi266L89ris5TobXLiYAatx9BtiaeqCDGVX8rD-ik-hkxCXW8kMsRnpM984p88EpsfwYFuJZHF56T5hr68iC3zeBUHbFVMNvElXblZ3EgKoKQvS-5mZ7ckt1tv0_gymn2uczWK7CEHRUSR-UwrGgJe_79_ayqVZ242KRPfHQ/s1249/P1110514.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1249" data-original-width="628" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgabTy67ni8ScJF9TuoLEi266L89ris5TobXLiYAatx9BtiaeqCDGVX8rD-ik-hkxCXW8kMsRnpM984p88EpsfwYFuJZHF56T5hr68iC3zeBUHbFVMNvElXblZ3EgKoKQvS-5mZ7ckt1tv0_gymn2uczWK7CEHRUSR-UwrGgJe_79_ayqVZ242KRPfHQ/w201-h400/P1110514.jpg" width="201" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the battlefield from above. The Hamilton force is in the top right with Lennox and Glencairn's troops advancing towards them in the centre right of the picture. The bridge can be seen in the top left with the highlanders and borderers advancing across it.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXXdvBEqIOP4Peq-qniMzIC7KBixwXbz1eq2DZ5cDEvP1H22KhVgV6tlwPKBN87wqQF_TkMY818lBMgTaMvmZe8yi9RfoXnXdUcQ2ZNccS_CIfo756Veh1SjwkVksekRjr0pnRtz3VdF5iHSdvVWFVmr0miliBvmkeTde5naac3HOAkjljiiQeHE8GSg/s4608/P1110516.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXXdvBEqIOP4Peq-qniMzIC7KBixwXbz1eq2DZ5cDEvP1H22KhVgV6tlwPKBN87wqQF_TkMY818lBMgTaMvmZe8yi9RfoXnXdUcQ2ZNccS_CIfo756Veh1SjwkVksekRjr0pnRtz3VdF5iHSdvVWFVmr0miliBvmkeTde5naac3HOAkjljiiQeHE8GSg/w400-h300/P1110516.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scott and Elliott borderers, veterans from the clash a couple of months earlier at Melrose, and highlanders in support of Lennox surge up Pace Hill to attack the Earl of Arran's position.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCFn2o9NabMmHVTfOSLHW7fCgx_90waitzCj3FC9Jpnzn2PKeqDBfDRGM6vMp0xB7AfRX4mlnm8QaR31jX1-yvIE10j2Fw4IDqQEgrWaA56Uu51kgOZ9Ucc_eqBgjrp1frHsNgC5g777-Tt0pGMZTRrGoOrOxr3QzCLloVwHU93RfOobzl4tiYrddy9g/s2048/P1110522.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCFn2o9NabMmHVTfOSLHW7fCgx_90waitzCj3FC9Jpnzn2PKeqDBfDRGM6vMp0xB7AfRX4mlnm8QaR31jX1-yvIE10j2Fw4IDqQEgrWaA56Uu51kgOZ9Ucc_eqBgjrp1frHsNgC5g777-Tt0pGMZTRrGoOrOxr3QzCLloVwHU93RfOobzl4tiYrddy9g/w300-h400/P1110522.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Hamilton guns open fire...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfNOTodq4M9IarOvoQ1vxvpPXtkC9R1yMnXscMZK-dvCehGBcmb8G6IlSzLJVYNCkCkwDq0RNTsCTqBWErtscfdVE0nsKZHWk28vfN7VBp4gtT1yk5GrHsXFgdCQugf9IwhGyL4pImvT5ubKiA_mt5Qiz7QvV6mEaUyCE_T7QE-N_KYbzP_V9qDIlHFQ/s2048/P1110523.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfNOTodq4M9IarOvoQ1vxvpPXtkC9R1yMnXscMZK-dvCehGBcmb8G6IlSzLJVYNCkCkwDq0RNTsCTqBWErtscfdVE0nsKZHWk28vfN7VBp4gtT1yk5GrHsXFgdCQugf9IwhGyL4pImvT5ubKiA_mt5Qiz7QvV6mEaUyCE_T7QE-N_KYbzP_V9qDIlHFQ/w300-h400/P1110523.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and the highlanders flee back down the hill.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYKnLbtrIbFnkd4dGcztrlGeGrg34OmycmQ95hotB6J868q3sCa1S73symppJikeFb4UfNuWf3fyUAYGSSGLA0hcWoHhRFaUPk5NPTzFEDJNuGR8YlbXKSCOr8is6xNYkis-K2YWpZVZ6geiOpsljGJ53soy_8BCDtAFbG3AitfaBPGTfciYNcGpi3uQ/s3896/P1110525.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3296" data-original-width="3896" height="339" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYKnLbtrIbFnkd4dGcztrlGeGrg34OmycmQ95hotB6J868q3sCa1S73symppJikeFb4UfNuWf3fyUAYGSSGLA0hcWoHhRFaUPk5NPTzFEDJNuGR8YlbXKSCOr8is6xNYkis-K2YWpZVZ6geiOpsljGJ53soy_8BCDtAFbG3AitfaBPGTfciYNcGpi3uQ/w400-h339/P1110525.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir James Hamilton of Finnart leads his retainers down Pace Hill and is slain in a fierce melee with the Scott borderers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The day started with a surprise for Lennox and his captains. They discovered that the bridge over the River Avon had not been closely guarded by the Earl of Arran's men. Taking advantage of this Lennox sent his contingent of highlanders and the Scott and Elliott borderers across the bridge on Arran's right flank. Lennox also deployed his guns at the bridge, there was no time for them to be dragged upstream to the ford at Manuel Convent.<br /><br />As Lennox's highlanders and borderers advanced up the banks of Pace Hill the Hamilton artillery opened fire. Unused to such terrifying engines of war and taking casualties from the guns the highlanders lost their nerve and temporarily fled back down the hillside. The Scotts and Elliotts continued to advance leading Arran's bastard son, and notorious hot head, <span style="text-align: center;">Sir James Hamilton of Finnart to charge down the hill with his retainers. Hamilton of Finnart was slain in the melee that followed.</span><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRbrWSNXmZckpVz6LmVB6roEuNTAlH7S2pR5vKo95OI1GxIQOudaL49iG17JgoZho-GeGN541JPHcvvKX2r7ySCqfuq_oO8DSG-aQ1qhIQ7h4HJJkAYlMlkh_Ej3dxLO87gTy_8zDDWURjSzUyQZUMS1I-VWpPs4DuZBCqvQAm44T7gg3E--cZL2M6w/s3456/P1110533.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="2896" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRbrWSNXmZckpVz6LmVB6roEuNTAlH7S2pR5vKo95OI1GxIQOudaL49iG17JgoZho-GeGN541JPHcvvKX2r7ySCqfuq_oO8DSG-aQ1qhIQ7h4HJJkAYlMlkh_Ej3dxLO87gTy_8zDDWURjSzUyQZUMS1I-VWpPs4DuZBCqvQAm44T7gg3E--cZL2M6w/w335-h400/P1110533.JPG" width="335" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the Lennox forces begin to surround the Hamiltons...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEz6jU5hIxqNPRQDjkmW7CNcJu4_rO-FdrUbgnSeUMGiF5ySo9IOKcrYLc79EnksLLawV5M-eMtFf-8UTILmf42Kq863Agl9-DULnKwPTW_fb07mxvcy-cYzPhkAjFspcXi14DXU-TSsiCtR6BYo_0Uw6K3bIuVj0iZ1V-UA7VSFVkRGYwCSWwGRa-dA/s2408/P1110535.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2408" data-original-width="2256" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEz6jU5hIxqNPRQDjkmW7CNcJu4_rO-FdrUbgnSeUMGiF5ySo9IOKcrYLc79EnksLLawV5M-eMtFf-8UTILmf42Kq863Agl9-DULnKwPTW_fb07mxvcy-cYzPhkAjFspcXi14DXU-TSsiCtR6BYo_0Uw6K3bIuVj0iZ1V-UA7VSFVkRGYwCSWwGRa-dA/w375-h400/P1110535.JPG" width="375" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...Angus arrives with his Douglas forces, accompanied by the Homes and Kerrs.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdJmf1M_vBlUMmlSAJ_Lmn3R1wHuqShj9wMZ8ZD1VXj1hVSLE9nisjBOUooiYykTMaj3O4yVH8HopN3AqKPkdUP92JviWh2C0wVbBDuWR8fJkIaZfD99k59k2zHtX8AfBhX_9nLH-J7Vdtc2nTVYNtBCWKeC7S5rmGQqr1MaPsnerJeloVflJAvgbA8g/s1996/P1110540.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1996" data-original-width="1332" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdJmf1M_vBlUMmlSAJ_Lmn3R1wHuqShj9wMZ8ZD1VXj1hVSLE9nisjBOUooiYykTMaj3O4yVH8HopN3AqKPkdUP92JviWh2C0wVbBDuWR8fJkIaZfD99k59k2zHtX8AfBhX_9nLH-J7Vdtc2nTVYNtBCWKeC7S5rmGQqr1MaPsnerJeloVflJAvgbA8g/w268-h400/P1110540.JPG" width="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, takes to the field with reinforcements for the beleaguered Hamiltons.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJAhpF-mCkB2hHGSVLciVDeYv9p1H9UoJapKZ7sZG1FoeB7Uvw3vtDg_gJKLt7eRB3Zm5Ftqn_pRwuwySqcf5R-QkHNOPzEmy9geIbGaGCZUogMsVIkkNrgHKOnZ8rBaQQjXvgvyfNKaxwGzAUHMpitDHFLiJE5WzK_0jBBGS80yd_tkKecf5IcBqBbw/s2048/P1110553%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJAhpF-mCkB2hHGSVLciVDeYv9p1H9UoJapKZ7sZG1FoeB7Uvw3vtDg_gJKLt7eRB3Zm5Ftqn_pRwuwySqcf5R-QkHNOPzEmy9geIbGaGCZUogMsVIkkNrgHKOnZ8rBaQQjXvgvyfNKaxwGzAUHMpitDHFLiJE5WzK_0jBBGS80yd_tkKecf5IcBqBbw/w400-h300/P1110553%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Lennox forces push forward.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijOClFIMwCV5FT-0GRursg3KH2syZAn_y3kh_KYWq8KFcAr2pgxAeqbaYoM6RM97uUWiNGNDuR0_sqkvpvFrKmpgnH8CBDrbi0DYLcNXTdJB2Xr6Wix37TW_hnAljz-KD8AZfKPlyPyiaYGjvVNqzxLpN4sG5f_81QUI7XdKI5YKnysONlL6kdEShLvw/s3488/P1110556.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3112" data-original-width="3488" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijOClFIMwCV5FT-0GRursg3KH2syZAn_y3kh_KYWq8KFcAr2pgxAeqbaYoM6RM97uUWiNGNDuR0_sqkvpvFrKmpgnH8CBDrbi0DYLcNXTdJB2Xr6Wix37TW_hnAljz-KD8AZfKPlyPyiaYGjvVNqzxLpN4sG5f_81QUI7XdKI5YKnysONlL6kdEShLvw/w400-h358/P1110556.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the field. The Hamilton and Douglas forces are in the left hand corner with the army of Lennox and Glencairn attacking from the right hand side and the top of the photo.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsnhsZadx7PCg_Ct87_DVladrbzWftFuys9vDIx5aEBOek8g8s4WBbm7H5bc4foo_3pYik36Xvh5ieRiznNXG7QlLJFsAitImEtBSuK6PSbIerzbcJhRr6_3SDLQBq7f-cZdf5PMIJJnNWHEOQmB7Wg8S7nbE8tjJqOssUGaReQGHMpdlyqUmIN2UZSw/s2048/P1110564.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsnhsZadx7PCg_Ct87_DVladrbzWftFuys9vDIx5aEBOek8g8s4WBbm7H5bc4foo_3pYik36Xvh5ieRiznNXG7QlLJFsAitImEtBSuK6PSbIerzbcJhRr6_3SDLQBq7f-cZdf5PMIJJnNWHEOQmB7Wg8S7nbE8tjJqOssUGaReQGHMpdlyqUmIN2UZSw/w400-h300/P1110564.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Cunninghams under the Earl of Glencairn advance into the fray.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6KJ0pGPpBY8zeMDCY2wfbzJNrItyMN4q3ZUnkK5Rbio87a-OmKjIfJH2qQQAgJSvsOog5iADa6r0K2GQmsoSe519UuFmnzcZHHHzjm7XHu867fz2FcUsLtAn4X5M9Y7fsRdiJPyCQfEg0tUGnYXmrMciNxCUCS2hytsDN1quLf8VZAuy6Jxdw5T1UWQ/s2048/P1110565.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1450" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6KJ0pGPpBY8zeMDCY2wfbzJNrItyMN4q3ZUnkK5Rbio87a-OmKjIfJH2qQQAgJSvsOog5iADa6r0K2GQmsoSe519UuFmnzcZHHHzjm7XHu867fz2FcUsLtAn4X5M9Y7fsRdiJPyCQfEg0tUGnYXmrMciNxCUCS2hytsDN1quLf8VZAuy6Jxdw5T1UWQ/w284-h400/P1110565.jpg" width="284" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The battle is in full swing!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB4laOFyH4mQyklV-9HXIulPZlWwUY1exePPN8b4gJ0cdm9HYoor75snzOq5o1LIQWgJ_5TPS0JcHecqWd1QKKAGPuENlzyBQjmP9ybqzFIK7ewWKsqpzIWmrJMt9Ajt6eDn12aBk7qGlAwkHL9beOQDmT3fWOSnZ-JkUj_fdAKubEBdHFcYYw6Bkpwg/s2624/P1110578.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2624" data-original-width="2608" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB4laOFyH4mQyklV-9HXIulPZlWwUY1exePPN8b4gJ0cdm9HYoor75snzOq5o1LIQWgJ_5TPS0JcHecqWd1QKKAGPuENlzyBQjmP9ybqzFIK7ewWKsqpzIWmrJMt9Ajt6eDn12aBk7qGlAwkHL9beOQDmT3fWOSnZ-JkUj_fdAKubEBdHFcYYw6Bkpwg/w398-h400/P1110578.JPG" width="398" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There is heavy fighting at the crest of Pace Hill as the highlanders and Scott and Elliott borderers attack the Hamiltons and Douglas.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXikoebHFWFfT6tsX5_sbPnHv2IvAKGtsUu79RGBzZ-MNaYzpbDd6iWUf0dG7ZPGErtDBl71d3qbPIBJbkHEs5cy5-Hqa0MFDLtGulx0JzmA0kpitr8MifBjXbrgPn8ibCN_NZOxHrtXsodH-BJge235P_w7E2RvORTEwvw3MRYRl6c1TBqS-SOLUfcg/s3656/P1110582.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2568" data-original-width="3656" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXikoebHFWFfT6tsX5_sbPnHv2IvAKGtsUu79RGBzZ-MNaYzpbDd6iWUf0dG7ZPGErtDBl71d3qbPIBJbkHEs5cy5-Hqa0MFDLtGulx0JzmA0kpitr8MifBjXbrgPn8ibCN_NZOxHrtXsodH-BJge235P_w7E2RvORTEwvw3MRYRl6c1TBqS-SOLUfcg/w400-h281/P1110582.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reinforced by Angus's borderers Arran's men hold the attackers back.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="text-align: center;">Hamilton of Finnart may have been slain but his attack on the Lennox contingent crossing the bridge bought time for the rest of his father's force. As Lennox's highlanders and borderers crested Pace Hill they were dismayed to see that Angus had arrived on the field with his supporters. Amongst the Douglas army were the Homes and Kerrs, borderers who had scores to settle with the Scotts and Elliotts, chief of these being the slaying of </span>Andrew Kerr only a couple of months earlier at Melrose. The borderers of both sides engaged in a back and forth fight but the Scotts and Elliotts were slowly beaten back despite the supporting archery of the highland contingent who continued to shoot into the Douglas and Hamilton forces.<br /><br />Whilst this fight was taking place the Earl of Glencairn, supported by Lord Lindsay, advanced with his pike blocks in an attempt to defeat the Hamilton pike before all of Angus's forces could arrive. Lennox was more cautious and held back with his "battle" seeming unwilling to commit himself to the fight when the outcome was far from certain. The Hamilton forces did not advance to meet Glencairn as they knew more reinforcements were on the way and that their guns would be more effective if Lennox's army was forced to advance into them.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-TgiCCqwQG__IF-D2hh7ngbgVeAhVyBLkZoH_trMEhcxU9DxXGsuNatTZqTGjRE9h7rfCAVqbcQf3tIhheIGiBGGI0BkUj88ZWosXLExOsg_FhYelrmttJtYuGXa14Y9sgP_8V4NBN_fjVKbNxsPXzamA0A5bHj_rKWBYUNryANZeFTl1Mu0nfbpdzw/s3156/P1110590.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3156" data-original-width="2216" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-TgiCCqwQG__IF-D2hh7ngbgVeAhVyBLkZoH_trMEhcxU9DxXGsuNatTZqTGjRE9h7rfCAVqbcQf3tIhheIGiBGGI0BkUj88ZWosXLExOsg_FhYelrmttJtYuGXa14Y9sgP_8V4NBN_fjVKbNxsPXzamA0A5bHj_rKWBYUNryANZeFTl1Mu0nfbpdzw/w281-h400/P1110590.JPG" width="281" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Troops under the Earl of Glencairn and Lord Lindsay advance on the Hamilton and Douglas position.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvFqfYzJ6p4GOhUIlur9ZI9C9tilhqHyIP03-8H4oIwv6V51KhbFODRP0_7rgZBQ0RVXwKUVmp_9frEt9_hqWUavOxrSIE8TWFxS7iTvkQeSIcTsup6goW4pF9qLlE_em0MIvgM6yL0HlppZ2Kc1YLy51ztX1rEedpl9IbFHPUs3PqEaUhAY3j5j-aYQ/s2048/P1110604.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvFqfYzJ6p4GOhUIlur9ZI9C9tilhqHyIP03-8H4oIwv6V51KhbFODRP0_7rgZBQ0RVXwKUVmp_9frEt9_hqWUavOxrSIE8TWFxS7iTvkQeSIcTsup6goW4pF9qLlE_em0MIvgM6yL0HlppZ2Kc1YLy51ztX1rEedpl9IbFHPUs3PqEaUhAY3j5j-aYQ/w300-h400/P1110604.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John, 5th Lord Lindsay, leads the attack. His men are met by a hail of shot from the Hamilton artillery.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHJgpt28CW8YKaDrIeLbk0hleR4rm1jqSPZPst7w0E-JjmOpUwO2hQSeXfPIhEC4kQKQcsgZLDeQhOcoYkm1BK50-41lkrwAB_oDwQpH1Gr0djnx8gTC8O7XFKaVYc6DKFAPN8OlKiV46bcGnMbX2jkb7XJWCs6chNR0kvMmQUroaEfNUOjUG7PEMmrg/s4200/P1110608.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3252" data-original-width="4200" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHJgpt28CW8YKaDrIeLbk0hleR4rm1jqSPZPst7w0E-JjmOpUwO2hQSeXfPIhEC4kQKQcsgZLDeQhOcoYkm1BK50-41lkrwAB_oDwQpH1Gr0djnx8gTC8O7XFKaVYc6DKFAPN8OlKiV46bcGnMbX2jkb7XJWCs6chNR0kvMmQUroaEfNUOjUG7PEMmrg/w400-h310/P1110608.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">After some fierce fighting the highlanders and Scotts of Lennox's army have been unable to gain any ground.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBwmsbVOGGThWFlSCPg-l0FMzVlHy5S1r5mLMK57g_5bfX-iYPaSl1qOCfiodgAyaqMnYO7wbWNQBXJSOyvPT8Ln67bY69MYOVMgl4zxuba2S3R9eV7h54KfRc0FCRgRU-EC4_GRGnGWWyLYUe2yKiBmA2xXRM-7Eq-Qu-o14rMrT64VcZNokV4iosqw/s4344/P1110613.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="4344" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBwmsbVOGGThWFlSCPg-l0FMzVlHy5S1r5mLMK57g_5bfX-iYPaSl1qOCfiodgAyaqMnYO7wbWNQBXJSOyvPT8Ln67bY69MYOVMgl4zxuba2S3R9eV7h54KfRc0FCRgRU-EC4_GRGnGWWyLYUe2yKiBmA2xXRM-7Eq-Qu-o14rMrT64VcZNokV4iosqw/w400-h293/P1110613.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Glencairn and Lindsay continue to lead the assault...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRtWXzkj5_K64MqZoVjQXzC-rStvuKFaltj3a3yuF6I9rZsT-zeW8OSWtPNMtY8HGSJrl5f9bC29jiECAS73WTJ7lGOzxKP4mOUWhLE9fJhb2QVnyqBer8V2Fu7T_UVbqLRYBTraPTRNkKJeDmJQErdWLJUPad1KXGI3sFQDuvF0VQoDQGMYMA6vLN3A/s4608/P1110615.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRtWXzkj5_K64MqZoVjQXzC-rStvuKFaltj3a3yuF6I9rZsT-zeW8OSWtPNMtY8HGSJrl5f9bC29jiECAS73WTJ7lGOzxKP4mOUWhLE9fJhb2QVnyqBer8V2Fu7T_UVbqLRYBTraPTRNkKJeDmJQErdWLJUPad1KXGI3sFQDuvF0VQoDQGMYMA6vLN3A/w400-h300/P1110615.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...whilst Lennox himself advances behind them with Lords Avondale and Crichton.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjg2oTmvBTN57dOy73fNTxJC_jOna0Qq3PQpwVEaywvLOSifflyfYoAjMFC8jRj3E6pW8iSr-idE7B3irsy2b2MhsvZ9-IotvcaBZRJiioiaZDV1S8SmaunkiHOO5zvmb-IJtArqHEKz6ep5uC1zaGq4Uy-zxIztr-7RBUNaDgpZKDQv1hjqDya_GYCg/s3908/P1110621.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2780" data-original-width="3908" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjg2oTmvBTN57dOy73fNTxJC_jOna0Qq3PQpwVEaywvLOSifflyfYoAjMFC8jRj3E6pW8iSr-idE7B3irsy2b2MhsvZ9-IotvcaBZRJiioiaZDV1S8SmaunkiHOO5zvmb-IJtArqHEKz6ep5uC1zaGq4Uy-zxIztr-7RBUNaDgpZKDQv1hjqDya_GYCg/w400-h285/P1110621.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the field showing the pike block fighting in the top left whilst to the right Douglas's border allies push back Lennox's highlanders and Scotts and Elliotts who crossed the bridge at the start of the battle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDo8T6-ehgYfS_Y17ucQRXO7jTPE5jVBj6wg4BU_TkhyAH4BR8iKsc23RgZfE5Z-l5OlATjRDH7_4X2UEvmapBxVGjMhq9RHyusQBAKPNGGvo5HQcN5d8PuS9M3H_WQeYmkYcL3Sx0TazKjpYrYLMvcXH8j3aS7Evo1PBcIlsbaLu3DctQO__iGwpYnA/s4608/P1110626.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3216" data-original-width="4608" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDo8T6-ehgYfS_Y17ucQRXO7jTPE5jVBj6wg4BU_TkhyAH4BR8iKsc23RgZfE5Z-l5OlATjRDH7_4X2UEvmapBxVGjMhq9RHyusQBAKPNGGvo5HQcN5d8PuS9M3H_WQeYmkYcL3Sx0TazKjpYrYLMvcXH8j3aS7Evo1PBcIlsbaLu3DctQO__iGwpYnA/w400-h279/P1110626.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John, 5th Lord Lindsay, enters into a melee with the Hamilton pikemen.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The heaviest fighting of the day now took place with the Earl of Glencairn and Lord Lindsay leading their men from the front in an attack on the Hamilton pike blocks. The Hamilton artillery pieces wrought havoc on the advancing pikemen and John, Lord Lindsay, was cut down in the confusion of the melee. Glencairn pressed the attack but as more of Angus's troops arrived on the field he too was slain.<br /><br />Seeing Glencairn's men in difficulty John Stewart, Earl of Lennox, finally committed his remaining forces and entered the fray. For a while the outcome hung in the balance with pike blocks crashing into each other. The Earl of Arran was cut down by Lennox's retainers and the Earl of Angus pushed into the fight in an attempt kill Lennox. Angus's personal intervention backfired. He did find Lennox but was defeated in the fight between him and his bodyguards. The battle was over. Despite appalling losses, Lennox had won the day meaning James V would be free from Douglas control. <br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggS-foXlBulcfu8FdWej-e_GI8loQ52zdn4bK7pJF2_BsI5VW7qohduiyCvVp6j9sihyYWbdKRgRS2a_PXAFpp9NHGL6_4eFFcQihyxjkf9g3-gS71kbiu9tmMW-43eWmxak6CX0_wR-Z2E9TnwyoAI2EqL4ALAmyyE6e4abuL2UOyZXb7mKQ3nmynJw/s2832/P1110653.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2832" data-original-width="1740" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggS-foXlBulcfu8FdWej-e_GI8loQ52zdn4bK7pJF2_BsI5VW7qohduiyCvVp6j9sihyYWbdKRgRS2a_PXAFpp9NHGL6_4eFFcQihyxjkf9g3-gS71kbiu9tmMW-43eWmxak6CX0_wR-Z2E9TnwyoAI2EqL4ALAmyyE6e4abuL2UOyZXb7mKQ3nmynJw/w246-h400/P1110653.JPG" width="246" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lord Lindsay is slain in the fighting...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFtTR1lhZpRtw2y1wbyMBzhNMWs2u-OeLIOuJqyIClf8zjw_SP_C2AOemlpJbc9sjbWpF7_4-ssuGq1_8INFGQhqqUhUYkuFnDEIdU_tAjDVxiXh8_ltymM2PUFvHuMbf00gGlE-5B_TCv9cqhHyMQf2gNcCGeB2UzrSi87otHrU7m5NyRvWV4S-pb0g/s4332/P1110664.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3080" data-original-width="4332" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFtTR1lhZpRtw2y1wbyMBzhNMWs2u-OeLIOuJqyIClf8zjw_SP_C2AOemlpJbc9sjbWpF7_4-ssuGq1_8INFGQhqqUhUYkuFnDEIdU_tAjDVxiXh8_ltymM2PUFvHuMbf00gGlE-5B_TCv9cqhHyMQf2gNcCGeB2UzrSi87otHrU7m5NyRvWV4S-pb0g/w400-h285/P1110664.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...to be followed shortly by the Earl of Glencairn who is bested in a fight with Home and Kerr pikemen from the borders.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2cYT8NSXL0Fy44EY5KRuSAMuwy4poJatEXRbdSxA6sJntQK5T5APn8EAORkEdBOsBzGua2FSG_vahAqseIQDDqBj9uuKabqmIu8t1yiT9Eoi65y2nRviI4E0393hcHCu9LaZzlXSRAojkCxtGH8tJR7aQQ1UBGCTkXLKkXdwnqaLMJ-QBt18KpaTn6g/s2048/P1110665.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2cYT8NSXL0Fy44EY5KRuSAMuwy4poJatEXRbdSxA6sJntQK5T5APn8EAORkEdBOsBzGua2FSG_vahAqseIQDDqBj9uuKabqmIu8t1yiT9Eoi65y2nRviI4E0393hcHCu9LaZzlXSRAojkCxtGH8tJR7aQQ1UBGCTkXLKkXdwnqaLMJ-QBt18KpaTn6g/w400-h300/P1110665.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, chastises a prisoner as the fighting continues around him.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL_Fva4DJ7ogywf1n31avxcN2-4g5xkaPcTl_KAXaVoTYHxrLjvfhNwfmBiW2zx7fVwwbMG9YU-f_cBe0bOh9dZiQE9YgzHJ_w5QvWxesvFYXVmqMG6hs16_G9sTELQQhffIV4Op3FHkAzcDDdIKENa4sA54-abR_745-zkibnXOfaN7CnAwIj5nPAPQ/s2048/P1110666.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1670" data-original-width="2048" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL_Fva4DJ7ogywf1n31avxcN2-4g5xkaPcTl_KAXaVoTYHxrLjvfhNwfmBiW2zx7fVwwbMG9YU-f_cBe0bOh9dZiQE9YgzHJ_w5QvWxesvFYXVmqMG6hs16_G9sTELQQhffIV4Op3FHkAzcDDdIKENa4sA54-abR_745-zkibnXOfaN7CnAwIj5nPAPQ/w400-h326/P1110666.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lennox and Crichton's men prepare to engage with the Earl of Angus's men.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4dVocitLnds9RnHyAAaRGShRyKn0T72sE-Qrw5JVWovAvxI8HJbWrdEEMMxVmr1rpWxH9octBTRaC5EKMRkjj81byhxsEQKfmFJjHtEYwwNNV8o65YBxh73nryM2n4mSDzvo0iSZLWktX1DwCGooX7RAAkWlIc8hTK-H92-gT0slwDseSxcgjjeOG3g/s2048/P1110668.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4dVocitLnds9RnHyAAaRGShRyKn0T72sE-Qrw5JVWovAvxI8HJbWrdEEMMxVmr1rpWxH9octBTRaC5EKMRkjj81byhxsEQKfmFJjHtEYwwNNV8o65YBxh73nryM2n4mSDzvo0iSZLWktX1DwCGooX7RAAkWlIc8hTK-H92-gT0slwDseSxcgjjeOG3g/w400-h300/P1110668.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The "push of pike" between the rival forces.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7TveyEgOehplJUOnjNJxrtnwMOiCpyH1S0KcTLvkeCfZbKaNEOzxcsiU08GKz0iBTC_8FwSjWq5fWtrlk2o8hGXP64UKvmlHX1NTimJ-D84upfZIJAaBzJyea6ntVnB9nTfPCQCG_reyxoJN7U-K376skGrbeo0Py7KZL0NnIhyOmvscnn944V-wKqg/s4608/P1110693.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7TveyEgOehplJUOnjNJxrtnwMOiCpyH1S0KcTLvkeCfZbKaNEOzxcsiU08GKz0iBTC_8FwSjWq5fWtrlk2o8hGXP64UKvmlHX1NTimJ-D84upfZIJAaBzJyea6ntVnB9nTfPCQCG_reyxoJN7U-K376skGrbeo0Py7KZL0NnIhyOmvscnn944V-wKqg/w400-h300/P1110693.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arran is cut down by Lennox retainers...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_-dVCh8y4qqU9LIFqK66KQ6eWQf-tWOv1U1I46NN695fPRLm5bVvNxR-kY9xxUb4PryejZNNcYvmLeDK4vkPH0gpdvoWijYH-oa7ascVOXKVtSvjiWpQ-1SgbacYFlsjEDmbxW3SQ6spzkMi-1fyDHU56I9efNVVFDZmXYI2iPJ2T-G_unRHH3-qRsQ/s2048/P1110694.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_-dVCh8y4qqU9LIFqK66KQ6eWQf-tWOv1U1I46NN695fPRLm5bVvNxR-kY9xxUb4PryejZNNcYvmLeDK4vkPH0gpdvoWijYH-oa7ascVOXKVtSvjiWpQ-1SgbacYFlsjEDmbxW3SQ6spzkMi-1fyDHU56I9efNVVFDZmXYI2iPJ2T-G_unRHH3-qRsQ/w400-h300/P1110694.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...before Lennox himself is defeated by Angus. It has been a fiercely contested battle with heavy casualties on both sides.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> This was a really hard fought and entertaining game. A great way to end our series of games set during James V's minority. Even though we didn't have any campaign style rules interconnecting the games, playing them in the correct order of "Cleanse the Causeway", the attack at Melrose and then the final battle at Linlithgow Bridge was a great way to build up the narrative. We tried to have the correct banners for the families who took part in the battle rather than lots of St Andrews saltires, This helped to create the right feel for this internecine clash. It was interesting to have two 16th century Scots armies facing each other on the table, with border and highland contingents present. <br /><br />We stuck to the Scots theme and followed this tabletop clash with our latest 16th Century game to date, the assault on Leith in 1544 which I will cover in another post. <p></p>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-12516669433530231472023-03-01T08:43:00.001-08:002023-03-01T08:43:28.034-08:00Tudor Men at Arms<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3zSIZBOev2gAJxBgZJ0OuPamic9hxwsxzxA_ta-qSdMGcKSn5pZr19WncyaCzMNF9zM3o8ZvdSF-3rSoFEO55HSCx8NgrqwkteGJ113qUUJRasB9idCZ9MZYY3ThpPN4G_jH_micZIHcLTB_ct1cJdQ9NlTDYlFTGzoRk76t0quMx9ht73B77ZYJObQ/s3872/P1100887.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2920" data-original-width="3872" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3zSIZBOev2gAJxBgZJ0OuPamic9hxwsxzxA_ta-qSdMGcKSn5pZr19WncyaCzMNF9zM3o8ZvdSF-3rSoFEO55HSCx8NgrqwkteGJ113qUUJRasB9idCZ9MZYY3ThpPN4G_jH_micZIHcLTB_ct1cJdQ9NlTDYlFTGzoRk76t0quMx9ht73B77ZYJObQ/w400-h301/P1100887.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div>One of my current projects is building up sufficient forces to game Henry VIII's and Protector Somerset's 1540s campaigns in Scotland. To bolster this part of the collection here are a dozen men at arms for the mid 16th century, all from The Assault Group. These are great figures and the only tweaks have been to replace the swords that some of them were carrying with lances. In these pictures they are shown with other English cavalry from the 1540s, demilances and border horse, which are also TAG figures but with more conversion work. The flag the men at arms are carrying is from Pete's excellent range of flags and is based on one that a group of men at arms, possibly Gentleman Pensioners, are carrying in one of the <span style="text-align: center;">Cowdray House Murals showing Henry VIII's 1544 invasion of France.<br /><br />Whilst they may be carrying a Tudor flag in these photos the standard is swappable and I have not painted any of the men at arms in a way that would mean they can only be Tudor horsemen. As such this unit would be suitable for lots of mid 16th century armies, I just simply need to change the flag. The photos below show some closer shots of the men at arms and then all of the English 1540s cavalry.<br /></span><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghplnWOlpvrhxnU8i73fXQSw9RToJpG27XJbIO0aE0jQJSu2KFSMh6op1BhAiYYyM37HbsL8L-7GjAgOCy6QJDBxjLkgBHhBB4FqMf30qOWZAglzC-as08QtIfgYyqEIw8oJHDaDWsRrl8yvQjqFG-FfNfFl74uh0NxG6SJKvkQkfueEu-iKod50MsbQ/s3992/P1100897.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2024" data-original-width="3992" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghplnWOlpvrhxnU8i73fXQSw9RToJpG27XJbIO0aE0jQJSu2KFSMh6op1BhAiYYyM37HbsL8L-7GjAgOCy6QJDBxjLkgBHhBB4FqMf30qOWZAglzC-as08QtIfgYyqEIw8oJHDaDWsRrl8yvQjqFG-FfNfFl74uh0NxG6SJKvkQkfueEu-iKod50MsbQ/w400-h203/P1100897.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tudor men at arms by The Assault Group.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqNQ1OHe6qvp96fcXqfWNrp9iExG5-tqkU-ALh4Sds7wAWrIaFUc9GiFL5_uhQHnHteIGrMP3C6LXbOQqE3hm0i81gxs_WoojLeiX5sPfEzSYrKhfYy3SkYTpQKoDLYAuUlb3cdUn8IhdvvOQJpziwrcwQrkpqOKGu1ZF_bfNTtcB4i5X9jDINAyYGFQ/s4492/P1100881.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3108" data-original-width="4492" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqNQ1OHe6qvp96fcXqfWNrp9iExG5-tqkU-ALh4Sds7wAWrIaFUc9GiFL5_uhQHnHteIGrMP3C6LXbOQqE3hm0i81gxs_WoojLeiX5sPfEzSYrKhfYy3SkYTpQKoDLYAuUlb3cdUn8IhdvvOQJpziwrcwQrkpqOKGu1ZF_bfNTtcB4i5X9jDINAyYGFQ/w400-h276/P1100881.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tudor men at arms for the 1540s.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSoQW4wf6g58EVJWS1QJ2y4xyl3WrfXnhvym5N8eb4RBV4iXidRHJ_B-ir7f-9ULu8RaEZUD-NismcVyFHeXM4bgV3V-qhLVEz1MghMkiDp5sDHQqed40sbHayKo4S-NB1tpE3sm7kz9QpROmRifL46ahkNYna5yjvr2354XXIFkVjwO28D3OHnDV_tw/s3008/P1100908.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3008" data-original-width="2836" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSoQW4wf6g58EVJWS1QJ2y4xyl3WrfXnhvym5N8eb4RBV4iXidRHJ_B-ir7f-9ULu8RaEZUD-NismcVyFHeXM4bgV3V-qhLVEz1MghMkiDp5sDHQqed40sbHayKo4S-NB1tpE3sm7kz9QpROmRifL46ahkNYna5yjvr2354XXIFkVjwO28D3OHnDV_tw/w378-h400/P1100908.JPG" width="378" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mid 16th century men at arms.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8doV7ttIBRElPk9u6wxnQ7oz7isQbG2vzfNyK56mSOdWjFis8xJ7heG7Fciuqc-svpNZzVjwA_kKBBn7LeBNgmWHgnfdM34IjzBu6WlipA279w76xil0VYOCpi48DvUGW1swMPhOBonEKnokGOMTC0IVtq74z2a4m3rlwt6GWV_poV5te49GTp_9WMg/s2948/P1100922.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2408" data-original-width="2948" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8doV7ttIBRElPk9u6wxnQ7oz7isQbG2vzfNyK56mSOdWjFis8xJ7heG7Fciuqc-svpNZzVjwA_kKBBn7LeBNgmWHgnfdM34IjzBu6WlipA279w76xil0VYOCpi48DvUGW1swMPhOBonEKnokGOMTC0IVtq74z2a4m3rlwt6GWV_poV5te49GTp_9WMg/w400-h326/P1100922.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An English cavalry force from the 1540s.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUKPmnjAj6LGQ8Q_cS9NE583xtNTDXuafybqdpxZZE3n-uGCXmlG_JlkYLqVo19xCtwgKke_YUMyUOdlr56z1cwzt6vmX4FcmLVx_doWi_U_oK0zEv9ESNWsqEhQnP7HTPtK_i9EFUPoI_gNS74amIoOqHI1KcaGpy_NotOsXZkqyJ4NtwabIQNGsVhw/s2692/P1100928.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2692" data-original-width="1804" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUKPmnjAj6LGQ8Q_cS9NE583xtNTDXuafybqdpxZZE3n-uGCXmlG_JlkYLqVo19xCtwgKke_YUMyUOdlr56z1cwzt6vmX4FcmLVx_doWi_U_oK0zEv9ESNWsqEhQnP7HTPtK_i9EFUPoI_gNS74amIoOqHI1KcaGpy_NotOsXZkqyJ4NtwabIQNGsVhw/w268-h400/P1100928.JPG" width="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The flag is from Pete's Flags and is based on the one in the image below - the copy of the Cowdray House Mural.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_uvNX0UkbntL9n6xDoXGYO71xwZViWGHyQSXzxM601XDqwV-xrupa2M3eK4A2hTG0SAvmDU5wnH1PCjhzAnd8jlOOFq4UNCdOpqcuoD2lCINLXWRRWjunTBB3vVW9AAuTNlmWigugfaKlGwkfmn3IPV0QQn7M8dCZsRCSOXtq2DTW2d5esypXhQhEBg/s844/P1100929.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="666" data-original-width="844" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_uvNX0UkbntL9n6xDoXGYO71xwZViWGHyQSXzxM601XDqwV-xrupa2M3eK4A2hTG0SAvmDU5wnH1PCjhzAnd8jlOOFq4UNCdOpqcuoD2lCINLXWRRWjunTBB3vVW9AAuTNlmWigugfaKlGwkfmn3IPV0QQn7M8dCZsRCSOXtq2DTW2d5esypXhQhEBg/w400-h316/P1100929.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail from a copy of the Cowdray House Mural showing Henry VIII's 1544 invasion of France. The Lion flag carried by the men at arms can be seen in the centre, flying above the lances of the horsemen.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvSVPi3hL2ubgFOMAqrgl8itwDykPoAd_Yh8_GnXZrkS5let5aTfKWK0ETWhvEc2C59d48RzJZYOJibQDofDhjXevKH7pgj5AwhSRoOQKj85GnReGMcfGwvX3F4ebZTsM06ZmtJUn0zmvUM1Poz6G98igxMjf8sxcB89jWUeQ8cNeoQvn6fGbqy-NBqA/s3312/P1100931.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2240" data-original-width="3312" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvSVPi3hL2ubgFOMAqrgl8itwDykPoAd_Yh8_GnXZrkS5let5aTfKWK0ETWhvEc2C59d48RzJZYOJibQDofDhjXevKH7pgj5AwhSRoOQKj85GnReGMcfGwvX3F4ebZTsM06ZmtJUn0zmvUM1Poz6G98igxMjf8sxcB89jWUeQ8cNeoQvn6fGbqy-NBqA/w400-h270/P1100931.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An English mid 16th century force comprised of men at arms, demilances and border horse.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-7371769591955278472023-02-15T00:11:00.001-08:002023-02-15T00:11:37.785-08:00The Siege of Modon, 1500<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNd4VpQBdkSUNNmLVVlDwoWwVwLRRtEPZ4UxnIkYxPlVlVb3Xbh-nZTBidVnHs6EgYOjr-bijXnTYwMEmCG3azir_3IRqeO2ErzGFLF2hsBd-B7bdExt5OIHzxOX3NYMz3jtMaWKIVYuq27B2WIhHGiXEyHC0b4xKgsBPUL1R1OhemcVFyLxzuLUkgqQ/s3152/1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3152" data-original-width="3028" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNd4VpQBdkSUNNmLVVlDwoWwVwLRRtEPZ4UxnIkYxPlVlVb3Xbh-nZTBidVnHs6EgYOjr-bijXnTYwMEmCG3azir_3IRqeO2ErzGFLF2hsBd-B7bdExt5OIHzxOX3NYMz3jtMaWKIVYuq27B2WIhHGiXEyHC0b4xKgsBPUL1R1OhemcVFyLxzuLUkgqQ/w384-h400/1.JPG" width="384" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>This weekend my friend Tom visited (check out his Hundred Years War blog here: <a href="https://englandswarsinfrance.blogspot.com">https://englandswarsinfrance.blogspot.com</a>) and we continued our series of wargames. We played out a scenario based on the fall of the Venetian held Greek town of Modon, now called Methoni, to the Ottomans in August 1500. It meant we could give the harbour and boat their first outings as terrain pieces. I guess a Venetian galley would've been more suitable than a Carrack, but it looked the part none-the-less. This game also fitted in well with one of our previous table top clashes that centred around the Spanish aid that was sent to the Venetians under the leadership of El Gran Capitan, Gonzalo de Cordoba, following this siege, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2020/09/the-siege-of-castle-of-st-george.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2020/09/the-siege-of-castle-of-st-george.html</a>.<br /><br /><div><u>The Siege of Modon, August 1500</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The Ottoman-Venetian War of 1499-1503 started badly for the Republic's Greek Colonies. The 12 August 1499 saw the Venetians attempt to destroy the Ottoman fleet under Kemal Reis at Zonchio, but most of the Venetian galleys refused to engage resulting in a missed opportunity to stop Ottoman naval progress. Following the initial engagement at Zonchio inconclusive naval clashes took place at Zante and Cape Papas over the next few days but the Ottomans were able to sail into the Gulf of Corinth leading to the surrender of Lepanto at the end of August 1499.</div><div><br /></div><div>The new year saw pressure building on the outlying defences of Modon. Along with Coron, Modon was a principal Greek colony of Venice, being held by the Venetians since the start of the 13th century. Together the two colonies were known as the "two eyes of the republic". Both were located on peninsulas, being surrounded on three sides by the sea and as such relying heavily on naval force as a defence. During the first Ottoman-Venetian war of 1463-1479 the Ottomans had used artillery to take Negropont, both to breach the walls and probably to hold the Venetian relief fleet at bay with coastal batteries. This had led Modon and Coron to be refortified with up to date artillery fortifications on their landward sides at the end of the 15th century. A late 15th century image of the town is shown below and the ruins is shown below whilst the ruins can be viewed here: <a href="https://visit-pylos-nestor.gr/wp-content/uploads/job-manager-uploads/job_cover/2019/04/6cff81ed2fd5fd02c6bfe5986e55231b_XL.jpg">https://visit-pylos-nestor.gr/wp-content/uploads/job-manager-uploads/job_cover/2019/04/6cff81ed2fd5fd02c6bfe5986e55231b_XL.jpg</a>.</div></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFh4h0KN1c8hczlX-vfNfBCM7oK0vgqL-1htBUbX1sWNThr4zn0poSTBC0ji15Xm32ThKttK7-GXJ0nk1sn7o6d_gXa5V6uDrfMVafnc9Hc0Fe3OrwxbjQNZfPzi5TxkfpKGBFrXA5pIXM63uGRoq7eNbaty29d4-jOVOf0zwwHUqncMO58crpvf5YGw/s4281/AA%20Bernhard%20von%20Breydenbach%201486_modon_%20from%20Peregrinatio%20in%20Terram%20Sanctam.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1376" data-original-width="4281" height="129" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFh4h0KN1c8hczlX-vfNfBCM7oK0vgqL-1htBUbX1sWNThr4zn0poSTBC0ji15Xm32ThKttK7-GXJ0nk1sn7o6d_gXa5V6uDrfMVafnc9Hc0Fe3OrwxbjQNZfPzi5TxkfpKGBFrXA5pIXM63uGRoq7eNbaty29d4-jOVOf0zwwHUqncMO58crpvf5YGw/w400-h129/AA%20Bernhard%20von%20Breydenbach%201486_modon_%20from%20Peregrinatio%20in%20Terram%20Sanctam.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Modon c.1486 from Bernhard von Breydenbach's "Peregrinatio in Terram Sanctam"</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>Three years before the siege Modon was visited by the Cologne Pilgrim and Knight, Arnold von Harff, who was pleased to find a German master gunner, called Peter Bombadere (obviously a name suitable for his trade!) who gave him a tour of the town. Harff described the tour as such "<i>He showed me the strength of the town and the artillery, and it is in truth a small town but strong. On the land side it has three suburbs with three walls and three ditches hewn out of the natural rock, on which they are building daily. He took me round the innermost wall, which was very thick and built of rough stones: in addition there were many fine cannon, great carthouns and slings</i>". It is clear from this description that following the first war with the Ottomans the Venetians had been preparing Modon's defences and were still in the process of doing so in 1497.</div><div><br /></div><div>On 30 January 1500 2,000 Turkish horse and 1,000 infantry were engaged near the town, whilst by February the garrison were skirmishing with Ottomans within 4 miles of its walls. By June the garrison of Modon estimated an Ottoman force of 12,000 was close to the town, with more reinforcements and heavy guns on their way. The siege began on 8 July 1500 with perhaps as many 60,000 Ottomans having arrived. Bombards were used against the outer walls but the Ottoman heavy guns were few. The first attacks were made against the suburbs of the town which had not been cleared of houses and consequently had to be cleared under fire from the attackers. The 9th of July saw the arrival of galleys under Valerio Marcello whilst further naval reinforcements arrived with Girolamo Pisani on the 12th, adding reinforcements of up to 1,200 men to the small garrison. In the face of constant assaults the Venetian defence of the suburbs was given up on 16th July with the garrison retreating behind the "<i>innermost wall</i>" as it had been described by Harff . The Ottoman Sultan, Bayezid II, arrived by land on 17th July with Ottoman ships arriving the following day. The Venetian defenders now estimated the Sultan's army to be around 90,000-100,000 strong.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Venetians knew that most of the Turk's heavy artillery would be brought to the siege via their fleet. As such Girolamo Contarini, in command of the Venetian fleet, engaged Kemal Reis and the Ottoman fleet at Navarino on 24 July 1500 in an attempt to stop the besieging force being further augmented. Two of the Venetian's great galleys were overwhelmed in the clash and Contarini's own galley nearly sunk. With the galleys of Venice being unable to halt Kemal Reis his fleet landed nine bombards and two mortars at Modon the following day, 25 July. This meant they could now intensify the bombardment of the town and it became continuous, the Ottoman gunners working day and night. The reports of two of the garrison's senior officers, Marco Gabriel and Antonio Zantani, described the ceaseless bombardment with the two Ottoman mortars firing randomly into the town. The defending forces were rapidly running out of powder and arrows.</div><div><br /></div><div>Having been unable to stop the main Turkish fleet from reaching the siege Girolamo Contarini made a desperate attempt to relieve Modon. Five of his best galleys were loaded with 400 additional troops, more master gunners and carpenters along with 400 barrels of gunpowder and 15 cases of arrows. During the night of 9-10 August four of these galleys succeeded in breaking through the Ottoman vessels patrolling the waters surrounding the town. Many of the surviving garrison came down to the water to help unload the supplies. This left the landward walls with only a skeleton defence to hold them. A Janissary assault was launched by the Ottomans who were able to secure part of the walls. As the Janissaries broke into the town fierce fighting continued through the night . Bayezid had ordered that no quarter be given to adult males resulting in the deaths of perhaps 800 to 1000 of the garrison. Of the garrison's senior officers Antonio Zantani died in the fighting whilst Marco Gabriel (see the contemporary image below) was taken as a prisoner to Constantinople only to be executed the following year. Following the fall of Modon the arrival of the Ottoman fleet at Coron led to its surrender whilst the Venetians would strike back, with Spanish aid under Gonzalo de Cordoba, in December at Cephalonia.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf51TFRJIK2tOsY61M_7CUgiUn-QSUhNS0LvLEwxHuSWB949F-ER91VWMOuF9K-ll86mXIatVDyKM4HwA-KLytJn0tQhav4TlMsKFedT8bMGQls-GquWzZ17BQCEYPdrXDUObaL50QEq9oFqoQ9JuRX-4tGOo8bgoZh4uMKWR6igsKzsx9-my4vpceGg/s1149/C%20Vittore_Carpaccio_-_Young_Knight_in_a_Landscape_-_Marco%20Gabriel.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1149" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf51TFRJIK2tOsY61M_7CUgiUn-QSUhNS0LvLEwxHuSWB949F-ER91VWMOuF9K-ll86mXIatVDyKM4HwA-KLytJn0tQhav4TlMsKFedT8bMGQls-GquWzZ17BQCEYPdrXDUObaL50QEq9oFqoQ9JuRX-4tGOo8bgoZh4uMKWR6igsKzsx9-my4vpceGg/w279-h400/C%20Vittore_Carpaccio_-_Young_Knight_in_a_Landscape_-_Marco%20Gabriel.jpg" width="279" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vittore Carpaccio "Young Knight in a Landscape", this may well be one of the Venetian captains from the siege, Marco Gabriel, with Modon in the background although I have also seen suggestions the Knight is Franceso Maria della Rovere.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Scenario</u></div><div><br /></div><div>The game was based on the Ottoman assault of the innermost wall of Modon and the fight for the town itself. It was played using our Renaissance Rampant version of Lion Rampant. The Ottoman forces were positioned in the ditch beneath the walls whilst one Venetian retinue, under Antonio Zantani, was positioned near the walls within the town and the other, under Marco Gabriel, was just outside the walls around the harbour. The aim of each side was to control the town via the defence or capture of three towers.</div><div><br />As the actual assault took place at night we did consider adding night time rules and halving the ranges of the missile weapons or making it harder to roll a "hit" but in the end we left this out.<br /><br /></div><div><u>Special Rules</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Mortars</u></div><div><br /></div><div>To represent the random firing of the mortars into the town every other turn the Ottoman player could decide to fire a mortar into Modon. The Ottoman player placed a template and decided where he wanted the mortar shot to land. He then rolled a scatter dice (a D6 with arrows on it) and 3D6. The template would then deviate by that amount before being placed. Any unit with a base under the template would take a 6 dice attack hitting on 5+ with a minus one to armour.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Venetian Guns</u></div><div><u><br /></u></div><div>Although desperately low on powder the Venetian defenders still had some artillery pieces left. At the start of the game the Venetian player took eight playing cards. For every picture card drawn, king, queen, jack, he drew he could place an artillery piece in one of the buildings on the board, which he noted in secret. At the start of his turn he could fire one of these if it was within range of an Ottoman unit. It fired just like an organ gun from our modified rules. Each piece could only fire once per game, the crew were assumed to have fled after the gun was fired.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Terrain</u><br /><br />For the Ottoman units entering Modon the ditch did not hinder movement but the walls facing the ditch took a turn to cross via ladders or through the breach. Access in and out of the harbour was only through the main harbour gate or the sally port. The small walls in the town gave cover and counted as difficult terrain to fight over. The whole of the walled orchard was difficult terrain and gave cover.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Victory</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Within Modon there were three towers which formed objectives, two were fortifications and one was the large church (see the photo below). The Ottoman player had to storm each of these three towers (with the troops raising an Ottoman flag from each tower!) to win the game.</div><div><br /></div><div>To storm a tower an Ottoman unit had to be in base to base contact with it. On the following turn a successful move activation would mean that a flag had been raised from the tower. Once taken a tower could be retaken by the Venetians in the same way as a unit never stayed in the tower. If at any time the Ottomans held all three then Modon had fallen!</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXeimQUb3lSE36N02QOhh3kRAX7CbXAHYJOzrzkRgBVFIWWqqKBu7jjdxjORQJTOjxfWfjkspKmgXFmjinkKO6LA5ntSbyfvvAh6MyRs895jOQIYbrN5eiiL-6vk-DmK5ZyD4OQhZPxpl3tIBOTwZGXDyK9dzahgZkHR3eh6qxzG1123f7T__yOTYE2g/s3584/P110954.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2968" data-original-width="3584" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXeimQUb3lSE36N02QOhh3kRAX7CbXAHYJOzrzkRgBVFIWWqqKBu7jjdxjORQJTOjxfWfjkspKmgXFmjinkKO6LA5ntSbyfvvAh6MyRs895jOQIYbrN5eiiL-6vk-DmK5ZyD4OQhZPxpl3tIBOTwZGXDyK9dzahgZkHR3eh6qxzG1123f7T__yOTYE2g/w400-h331/P110954.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The table showing Modon's harbour where the retinue of Marco Gabriel is deployed. The Ottoman objectives are the tall church tower on the left, the large tower in the centre of the photo by the harbour gate and the large white tower, in the foreground to the left.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzVP2bifhCKnpLHuQgVArhtWkZq7eb1tk5gHHfxaZYznnGEQa_95lxjYcEymVm1DUI1JyqftmbHwVoq_zmphZwgjEZKjPOw3XRRu7gQBJ7CLKjfF-YW6UiAIFKod63OpCngP2Xw5Oc1bNG5avHLFMPRlCu2gY9YTjNtVrTFVM-XBEhcknf5I0uqYxH2g/s4608/P1100953.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzVP2bifhCKnpLHuQgVArhtWkZq7eb1tk5gHHfxaZYznnGEQa_95lxjYcEymVm1DUI1JyqftmbHwVoq_zmphZwgjEZKjPOw3XRRu7gQBJ7CLKjfF-YW6UiAIFKod63OpCngP2Xw5Oc1bNG5avHLFMPRlCu2gY9YTjNtVrTFVM-XBEhcknf5I0uqYxH2g/w400-h300/P1100953.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The other end of the table showing the Ottoman besiegers about to storm the walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjloArt83Gx-hycKHasP1o81UR4WF9kkYX52xKhAwHBlsYjxlzDYJRiSZyftWCciHuRK88-7MhNmxyFqW2QDpF160A3oneESTkePILhhftBPhbdZHCPQ4OKaB97f1OB31qQ96FSKpB1my0MkprzfsOsTu7_gtatIc9S8S6x0tkvLObx3cW9qFDMqmaJcw/s4608/P1110038.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2728" data-original-width="4608" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjloArt83Gx-hycKHasP1o81UR4WF9kkYX52xKhAwHBlsYjxlzDYJRiSZyftWCciHuRK88-7MhNmxyFqW2QDpF160A3oneESTkePILhhftBPhbdZHCPQ4OKaB97f1OB31qQ96FSKpB1my0MkprzfsOsTu7_gtatIc9S8S6x0tkvLObx3cW9qFDMqmaJcw/w400-h236/P1110038.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the table from above. To the left is the harbour with Marco Gabriel's Retinue. In the centre is the orchard (which would be the centre of the fighting in the game) around which is deployed Antonio Zantani's retinue. To the right are the Ottomans gathered in the ditch ready for the assault.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><u>The Armies</u><br /><br />Each army was divided into two separate retinues for the game. Tom took command of the Venetian defenders in the game whilst I took command of Bayezid II's besieging Ottomans.<br /><br /><div><u>The Venetian defenders of Modon</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>Marco Gabriel's retinue</u> (deployed around the harbour)</div><div><br /></div><div>2 Units of Foot Knights (one includes Marco Gabriel retinue leader)</div><div>2 Units of Italian Infantry</div><div>2 Units of Balkan archers</div><div>1 Unit of Italian Pike</div><div>1 Unit of Italian Arquebusiers</div><div>2 Units of Italian Crossbowmen</div><div>2 Organ Guns to assign to 2 of the above units</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Antonio Zantani's retinue</u> (deployed within Modon)<br /><br /></div><div>2 Units of Foot Knights (one includes Antonio Zantani retinue leader)</div><div>2 Units of Italian Infantry</div><div>2 Units of Italian Arquebusiers</div><div>3 Units of Italian Crossbowmen</div><div>2 Organ Guns to assign to 2 of the above units<br /><br /></div><div><u>The Ottomans</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Janissaries</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Janissary Agha (retinue leader) </div><div>2 Units of Zirhli Nefer</div><div>3 Units of Janissary Archers</div><div>1 Unit of Janissary Arquebusiers</div><div>4 Units of Janissary Infantry</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Azabs<br /><br /></u></div><div>1 Ottoman Captain (retinue leader and same rules as the Janissary Agha)</div><div>3 Units of Azab Archers</div><div>1 Unit of Azab Arquebusiers</div><div>4 Units of Azabs</div><div><br />As always the captions under the photos are a good way to follow the action but a brief summary follows.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcjP8jHdbP59Rk8WtL4YkMCXvh8c2z9oDA9TejJ-PAoMxkQj2dH0AY_aGfkJIlmqqLp1UT4tDbyMa-NW6eCBip0B8_gdhm_OypyAlhnf7cQ2R1c5tkZgB8bayx9vtxkmSRnzIV5VvKEAk8hV1s91QoIiTEirOBtHOVkxT8dTA7vnMRK0BmOs6rOvAWLA/s3348/P1100961.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3348" data-original-width="2872" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcjP8jHdbP59Rk8WtL4YkMCXvh8c2z9oDA9TejJ-PAoMxkQj2dH0AY_aGfkJIlmqqLp1UT4tDbyMa-NW6eCBip0B8_gdhm_OypyAlhnf7cQ2R1c5tkZgB8bayx9vtxkmSRnzIV5VvKEAk8hV1s91QoIiTEirOBtHOVkxT8dTA7vnMRK0BmOs6rOvAWLA/w344-h400/P1100961.JPG" width="344" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Ottoman army of Bayezid II</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGHOExKR4BCY_MGwsg5pyL6NQHbU2uJ7lVkXzPP5sQKhpod438YqI6OVjVvlMlUyYininX9TweBnSGNqfyWtw0lYlWMUEq6CWS9DszMJl8g3O89g2jRTjJt0UW_PwNnI0cI8NOQyJXXroCt6l7y0ht19TuOZ4IWpXZsbDGyKS3rk99lj32dJFCEZ2QDQ/s3443/P1100994.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3443" data-original-width="1683" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGHOExKR4BCY_MGwsg5pyL6NQHbU2uJ7lVkXzPP5sQKhpod438YqI6OVjVvlMlUyYininX9TweBnSGNqfyWtw0lYlWMUEq6CWS9DszMJl8g3O89g2jRTjJt0UW_PwNnI0cI8NOQyJXXroCt6l7y0ht19TuOZ4IWpXZsbDGyKS3rk99lj32dJFCEZ2QDQ/w195-h400/P1100994.JPG" width="195" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Ottoman attackers. The janissaries will form the first wave of the attack supported by the azabs.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj50nV4_h5t8loczOwJeh07J1kJrHXdobjn1dKlIr52IPNaur3cCJQDeRxjKvhqCr-BF6asrC2x1W9PjJlj4E1aUeRtIpfdphuR54QySy80rgvayYP_ELdSWfiavgnWbuRkTD84KfqaEv7R_RxnpAlSwvbS2A-skmOZAcp1eB6tcYFJ7OOjtqcWDd7ffw/s4608/P1110007.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj50nV4_h5t8loczOwJeh07J1kJrHXdobjn1dKlIr52IPNaur3cCJQDeRxjKvhqCr-BF6asrC2x1W9PjJlj4E1aUeRtIpfdphuR54QySy80rgvayYP_ELdSWfiavgnWbuRkTD84KfqaEv7R_RxnpAlSwvbS2A-skmOZAcp1eB6tcYFJ7OOjtqcWDd7ffw/w400-h300/P1110007.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Venetian reinforcements disembarking in the harbour. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7mWw1weVzvuGV0C2JP9jgyKZtkhwsuEM7C5YHS58ZJz1Qwykn5rpFa-egEQdEUGsghsIFCuxiQfUCXvFSXqZKlGG7MLD-ZYrdZMobFr-uANj3KAJgOH5wVB0-RYrP0AAqnR-rWdfeZyULB_HiSqJgZkctWIlwGJjH-z6qd-rEB6xnh1a6LWaWQ0TbGg/s4588/P1110017.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2864" data-original-width="4588" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7mWw1weVzvuGV0C2JP9jgyKZtkhwsuEM7C5YHS58ZJz1Qwykn5rpFa-egEQdEUGsghsIFCuxiQfUCXvFSXqZKlGG7MLD-ZYrdZMobFr-uANj3KAJgOH5wVB0-RYrP0AAqnR-rWdfeZyULB_HiSqJgZkctWIlwGJjH-z6qd-rEB6xnh1a6LWaWQ0TbGg/w400-h250/P1110017.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Venetian troops form up in the harbour ready to enter the town and defend it against the Ottomans.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjxtELpfQy1OYXAQSlsfW4xp7l5NnYFpiJVwfNvccA8CCT1zzLl8aJyYTG-KKDQ7e0bB_Ahj90xrXzFWZNU1trwAfDqCc9amLeVAtjuMjwzR3rrAWWNw0ncsTFk_0cxU8rurYIns8jrdkTtSLV7DdbBaYu7FMyvEX-nr6bhYfy5IAdz4tk2ewK39fi6w/s3596/P1110048%20(2).JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3596" height="385" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjxtELpfQy1OYXAQSlsfW4xp7l5NnYFpiJVwfNvccA8CCT1zzLl8aJyYTG-KKDQ7e0bB_Ahj90xrXzFWZNU1trwAfDqCc9amLeVAtjuMjwzR3rrAWWNw0ncsTFk_0cxU8rurYIns8jrdkTtSLV7DdbBaYu7FMyvEX-nr6bhYfy5IAdz4tk2ewK39fi6w/w400-h385/P1110048%20(2).JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Venetian arquebusiers and crossbowmen, supported by an organ gun, lie in wait within the orchard.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M13SGwMb2rWEKIazj8arTXk_cSpTBsdFyeFymDxI3N7AdgiZYxEh3ENfJulpkLBQCsqJ-7MteVLA44mfuOuvSZybBbnB0YWaCDbmnN-xENVUTDQSP5yuMriWuCRPEB9gtdEM8Dl57xCz9OwpHyX4lqc4b7jWiyJXOjVgwHo_kwT2WjhwJBI_9mQ4gg/s4608/P1110051.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M13SGwMb2rWEKIazj8arTXk_cSpTBsdFyeFymDxI3N7AdgiZYxEh3ENfJulpkLBQCsqJ-7MteVLA44mfuOuvSZybBbnB0YWaCDbmnN-xENVUTDQSP5yuMriWuCRPEB9gtdEM8Dl57xCz9OwpHyX4lqc4b7jWiyJXOjVgwHo_kwT2WjhwJBI_9mQ4gg/w400-h300/P1110051.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The assault begins and the zirhli nefer, the armoured janissary assault troops, lead the storming of the breach.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX3IeS2awnWuBBccpr_KtSSgITF-H6YJW8J39UGvdPE1RFfPMlvDuOwDO1DDitm5X2yoiKHgbLNz3ZJR9iO_ZfsXh0Z3HE9Md6dNXSsf7_nvn1t_OtXRCjwyI2UF4xClP42m1nq_WGMh3nEXUlqpP8nFlI5Y1gkW1AN9qmdwBHJbBAFH9yDJetOpvMeg/s4608/P1110054.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX3IeS2awnWuBBccpr_KtSSgITF-H6YJW8J39UGvdPE1RFfPMlvDuOwDO1DDitm5X2yoiKHgbLNz3ZJR9iO_ZfsXh0Z3HE9Md6dNXSsf7_nvn1t_OtXRCjwyI2UF4xClP42m1nq_WGMh3nEXUlqpP8nFlI5Y1gkW1AN9qmdwBHJbBAFH9yDJetOpvMeg/w400-h300/P1110054.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The janissaries begin to scale the walls of Modon.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKiv6AtfzilN0HLKgZIteTc7Zz2PhOMehLNSulVuRUkrT1btHhPRIspf01r4Gr_PQxNrXd8S5oAiS9fFOTdu_vFauK2ZqD_r1WM6o6KYlltAgPjyPl8dW7nwCSEWYqP1-U-2LseQhm0gwKyo-5_wbDM82AsDCXo83HsCsGAiXy3F33knq5IRa33_w6uw/s4608/P1110057.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKiv6AtfzilN0HLKgZIteTc7Zz2PhOMehLNSulVuRUkrT1btHhPRIspf01r4Gr_PQxNrXd8S5oAiS9fFOTdu_vFauK2ZqD_r1WM6o6KYlltAgPjyPl8dW7nwCSEWYqP1-U-2LseQhm0gwKyo-5_wbDM82AsDCXo83HsCsGAiXy3F33knq5IRa33_w6uw/w400-h300/P1110057.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Venetian defenders under Antonio Zantani take up position around the orchard.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The assault on Modon looked to start well for the Ottomans with an initial wave of janissaries quickly getting over the walls or through the breach and into the streets. Whilst the Ottomans scaled the walls the Venetians around the harbour moved into the town to add support to their countrymen who were already inside and had taken up defensive positions. This first line of Venetian defence proved key as they were immediately able to pour shot and crossbow bolts into the janissaries forcing them to charge forward and attack whilst a large part of the Ottoman force was still outside Modon's walls.<br /><br />The <span style="text-align: center;">zirhli nefer assault troops and the janissary arquebusiers and archers accompanying them took heavy casualties as they pushed on and tried to gain control of the walled orchard just beyond the walls. The Venetians had hidden an organ gun behind the orchard gates which fired with deadly effect into the oncoming janissaries. The Ottomans needed to use their strength of numbers to sweep away the defenders in the orchard but the delay caused by clambering over the walls of Modon gave the Venetian defenders enough time to deal with the oncoming janissaries without being totally overwhelmed. </span><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0tvDGCHmxEkVFyUoP-ZaN11kIMCVRrFYLOkI6nbKZ_yS7o0YjmnDj_iaCXs4RDlv0DV37BaEz-KXsu8H2jjoJKXh6bzHfNm9Xq0s_k67kEIRKIQTo5tCmrHIYHJ6yXslD2z2LH4cjkSzyemKsktSEFQZxR20bfDY3qeIYpdIYtEbZxcRLeD9LazysJQ/s4608/P1110062.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2916" data-original-width="4608" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0tvDGCHmxEkVFyUoP-ZaN11kIMCVRrFYLOkI6nbKZ_yS7o0YjmnDj_iaCXs4RDlv0DV37BaEz-KXsu8H2jjoJKXh6bzHfNm9Xq0s_k67kEIRKIQTo5tCmrHIYHJ6yXslD2z2LH4cjkSzyemKsktSEFQZxR20bfDY3qeIYpdIYtEbZxcRLeD9LazysJQ/w400-h254/P1110062.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">With barely any Venetians left manning the breached walls the Ottomans are quickly into the beleaguered town.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaLgiUji9GeBOT97SXRMlHIhW6MObiNA6iRNnWAj1ZnuPwhnH7g5ds4Krhtwz85CHIyx_xYe0OeqJhJpYYsE06VK6bmcaLH6wGL0Jxh97raqI2IMaKsV7cqq-p8iG8uyXjrxcUKGENvMc9QCP74L0awbDbr5fOI2tdW6Sj98oGZSdr0YJh7oadzecBMw/s3492/P1110085.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3492" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaLgiUji9GeBOT97SXRMlHIhW6MObiNA6iRNnWAj1ZnuPwhnH7g5ds4Krhtwz85CHIyx_xYe0OeqJhJpYYsE06VK6bmcaLH6wGL0Jxh97raqI2IMaKsV7cqq-p8iG8uyXjrxcUKGENvMc9QCP74L0awbDbr5fOI2tdW6Sj98oGZSdr0YJh7oadzecBMw/w400-h396/P1110085.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Venetian crossbowmen supported by infantry armed with polearms await the attack.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1e0Wr7q8nffN8Fyy_NoBjrC37qREUZ9V3e_mOp_YrM0VdMook0kXwN_l0I-5abWQYU22BMZEG2sNPXtz7mXuYuWTdUwj8DMVcRhShuzFgBVSSgJyi5B9wYO5hkrZfSgucOQy0PLmK9NvJiCdelhfBLk-aFyn9g65SURk6jbEPzU6Tri_YlDnEXLEROg/s3456/P1110087.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="2800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1e0Wr7q8nffN8Fyy_NoBjrC37qREUZ9V3e_mOp_YrM0VdMook0kXwN_l0I-5abWQYU22BMZEG2sNPXtz7mXuYuWTdUwj8DMVcRhShuzFgBVSSgJyi5B9wYO5hkrZfSgucOQy0PLmK9NvJiCdelhfBLk-aFyn9g65SURk6jbEPzU6Tri_YlDnEXLEROg/w324-h400/P1110087.JPG" width="324" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The azabs storm the walls.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp1uihbV9Nb6TJ7wvf9LwGhGCqFdpX3DXsW1OKCvoy5BAMXzvqrTjVVF8ndp709D8BaeI6JWgMX9rsqRj_NGIs3mDwR0rVQpJ8cCsTlA19_EImlWJyvxkw4m7Yo3VIrBjYCdcDtfNMiN9tUGv3JYVN0gWAjZuUigXToKIYy7qgZgc6Bv3RnASNV9AMFA/s4608/P1110102.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp1uihbV9Nb6TJ7wvf9LwGhGCqFdpX3DXsW1OKCvoy5BAMXzvqrTjVVF8ndp709D8BaeI6JWgMX9rsqRj_NGIs3mDwR0rVQpJ8cCsTlA19_EImlWJyvxkw4m7Yo3VIrBjYCdcDtfNMiN9tUGv3JYVN0gWAjZuUigXToKIYy7qgZgc6Bv3RnASNV9AMFA/w400-h300/P1110102.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Ottoman flag is already flying from one of the gun towers but this is not one of the three objectives.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivuirtSU_-M4RA7tsO79M7E53iD4QlQJ-6tRYhHsMx3rAHBA2dP5lqwA3qU0u7Wa7G_swb_puTtF9XvjH-dj1CKXNfRIi2U8UOCqOZt6oQaxf0iofOnAXSLfmEt17uesJG-8Mo3hVMYbKgC20O2Ws-Tl4hiuw1ERaHVbblIaF8DjWEOYbgyoYKpt02qg/s4608/P1110108.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivuirtSU_-M4RA7tsO79M7E53iD4QlQJ-6tRYhHsMx3rAHBA2dP5lqwA3qU0u7Wa7G_swb_puTtF9XvjH-dj1CKXNfRIi2U8UOCqOZt6oQaxf0iofOnAXSLfmEt17uesJG-8Mo3hVMYbKgC20O2Ws-Tl4hiuw1ERaHVbblIaF8DjWEOYbgyoYKpt02qg/w400-h300/P1110108.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The zirhli nefer charge the orchard. They come under a hail of shot from the organ gun and defending arquebusiers.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_PO3VSAwx_y23Np9wkv_grlIY8QPkPv1Gpcu_j-gimT65O1i5s_0OTC_bb4TCSE8lK1LC5qCzdOb2pYl1iJLf_q9KjTJeaVKGYxFv1ybuvi3ePshqom1HzaAqDlD8DNk33n2KYnY2gfi4sCJWqcmxgifgjlrTWaAPeNGL0885eUqLOECUwiEjGSbd3Q/s3456/P1110110.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3080" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_PO3VSAwx_y23Np9wkv_grlIY8QPkPv1Gpcu_j-gimT65O1i5s_0OTC_bb4TCSE8lK1LC5qCzdOb2pYl1iJLf_q9KjTJeaVKGYxFv1ybuvi3ePshqom1HzaAqDlD8DNk33n2KYnY2gfi4sCJWqcmxgifgjlrTWaAPeNGL0885eUqLOECUwiEjGSbd3Q/w356-h400/P1110110.JPG" width="356" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view from above the walls as the Ottoman assault spills into the town.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPGIE0NkIDnTq1fHDnWKU4IeLOYrOaXXeAvhMG0hOzanqkpnHUytm1Q0KBqyO03Jqj8iiRWKiYL0c9mDPD1t-F9WX8zz0Y8RUi14jTyNnaqmBmLknZQ_XO2pe9lSxqDBN7e6S_6EpIRHSXO5dIE5d9XGzDWG9WzQF_y8AJpxoMUkckrC901pJOTbbwkw/s4608/P1110117.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2240" data-original-width="4608" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPGIE0NkIDnTq1fHDnWKU4IeLOYrOaXXeAvhMG0hOzanqkpnHUytm1Q0KBqyO03Jqj8iiRWKiYL0c9mDPD1t-F9WX8zz0Y8RUi14jTyNnaqmBmLknZQ_XO2pe9lSxqDBN7e6S_6EpIRHSXO5dIE5d9XGzDWG9WzQF_y8AJpxoMUkckrC901pJOTbbwkw/w400-h195/P1110117.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The zirhli nefer supported by janissary arquebusiers </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhua2SoSCOKGpylpY4UYY5qwuDoJr8kKwQWOA5wHJvVkTZj8VCX6znC2gstexRGcG2iRYG3R6k12uQlOuCsTMMESs_Bt6GsBztwPbXMDut1xClHjEkd_G5RRFBbnG7rb8zSJN9aC4oIsO22ZZJ3Ie1FrXIpxmM8l6s9_llzH5Vw2XqR2BXQzXftspZf_w/s4504/P1110125.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3332" data-original-width="4504" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhua2SoSCOKGpylpY4UYY5qwuDoJr8kKwQWOA5wHJvVkTZj8VCX6znC2gstexRGcG2iRYG3R6k12uQlOuCsTMMESs_Bt6GsBztwPbXMDut1xClHjEkd_G5RRFBbnG7rb8zSJN9aC4oIsO22ZZJ3Ie1FrXIpxmM8l6s9_llzH5Vw2XqR2BXQzXftspZf_w/w400-h296/P1110125.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Janissaries charge into the town but they are already taking heavy casualties.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKnTv5BkcBkyfrZA57REpNlN3IK38ZEsI3T_wK_Ee2qTW6hNEArJQYxkZUuD1N9dqU7OS2YgNDS_16JUIgWYSCvmWpH37w9NP6HTgv8aozVtCWDJ1cG4tSjT_U4A8CxB_LTMzbiF5XCbg5hbqkViKQPE4V16TOASZ7AaXANPbptPtRaxXD4x0LJQozrA/s3360/P1110130.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3016" data-original-width="3360" height="359" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKnTv5BkcBkyfrZA57REpNlN3IK38ZEsI3T_wK_Ee2qTW6hNEArJQYxkZUuD1N9dqU7OS2YgNDS_16JUIgWYSCvmWpH37w9NP6HTgv8aozVtCWDJ1cG4tSjT_U4A8CxB_LTMzbiF5XCbg5hbqkViKQPE4V16TOASZ7AaXANPbptPtRaxXD4x0LJQozrA/w400-h359/P1110130.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Venetian troops enter Modon via the harbour gate.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaAAhmBFgW8uPGA3YeLOFUeOOXItOUY6WxNjT1c0IoahHf5ntD0mLuqFNpOmFBufmuqZdxZE_5QQ9zaC2kSAqr-AwowR-8TQAaJSOxEiyPmAQcA_JzC6xfbsExJXCw_MwSZwxZtlXhKcIGGFuf9RnqVL40I18TxVOpyGF60GVh6T1OrQvkzuvjEUVtmg/s3988/P1110136.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2552" data-original-width="3988" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaAAhmBFgW8uPGA3YeLOFUeOOXItOUY6WxNjT1c0IoahHf5ntD0mLuqFNpOmFBufmuqZdxZE_5QQ9zaC2kSAqr-AwowR-8TQAaJSOxEiyPmAQcA_JzC6xfbsExJXCw_MwSZwxZtlXhKcIGGFuf9RnqVL40I18TxVOpyGF60GVh6T1OrQvkzuvjEUVtmg/w400-h256/P1110136.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The walls have fallen but the Venetian defenders still hold the town.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSdKx0zPd_U1hyM0_e3m1_Ji6npqQgPm__-2CD7h_e4X7eCKI5BmtkX-UbcIn82bG20yj6R_p6dvJxEEvLlNn1iMBZ8pAyBKue3UKK3AMp5sya7j9pa9TdJwrMVV3bn059zNubKZjC3T-A7LUbbmcGoS4heqv4mECmAWUtQLHP5arQaR5JEYy7yEDhEA/s4608/P1110147.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2936" data-original-width="4608" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSdKx0zPd_U1hyM0_e3m1_Ji6npqQgPm__-2CD7h_e4X7eCKI5BmtkX-UbcIn82bG20yj6R_p6dvJxEEvLlNn1iMBZ8pAyBKue3UKK3AMp5sya7j9pa9TdJwrMVV3bn059zNubKZjC3T-A7LUbbmcGoS4heqv4mECmAWUtQLHP5arQaR5JEYy7yEDhEA/w400-h255/P1110147.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Venetian crossbowmen face the attacking Ottomans.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisylvDXgS6eAoG3nwFQPYNCDkpnQCTYFZSnYh_JCPvW2sEdY9jFmh0w0nGlzWeYqm0jpzEBNmqOjPd9G1mrGn2PGwfN22frLAdkGDv_dw7w0xor2qN6WAMzwz_dk27cpJkjrAemopcJiPc39XeLVe8ksKO6tjQ9uTvy69VHeI1JtrFN9KFqxC-QA1-NQ/s4608/P1110159.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2316" data-original-width="4608" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisylvDXgS6eAoG3nwFQPYNCDkpnQCTYFZSnYh_JCPvW2sEdY9jFmh0w0nGlzWeYqm0jpzEBNmqOjPd9G1mrGn2PGwfN22frLAdkGDv_dw7w0xor2qN6WAMzwz_dk27cpJkjrAemopcJiPc39XeLVe8ksKO6tjQ9uTvy69VHeI1JtrFN9KFqxC-QA1-NQ/w400-h201/P1110159.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view across the town as the Ottomans charge into Modon.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8b3RIEupUIdT-e2zbJKmuvE5z0RGlVr3w4iZXMhyfF7_3_PVg9AsJ7iEMOcJw55i16QRQheAC33kYSTiSUQEew5naRAIJRhNuA0A2VOtXwEYXzTw0hZ6T7exAD3GyRPd2LbgmWnSQOY2HRU-JOAvr_UGvt4RNznP65GLHMPZfYc97NSaMQKEVK-n9Qg/s4112/P1110165.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4112" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8b3RIEupUIdT-e2zbJKmuvE5z0RGlVr3w4iZXMhyfF7_3_PVg9AsJ7iEMOcJw55i16QRQheAC33kYSTiSUQEew5naRAIJRhNuA0A2VOtXwEYXzTw0hZ6T7exAD3GyRPd2LbgmWnSQOY2HRU-JOAvr_UGvt4RNznP65GLHMPZfYc97NSaMQKEVK-n9Qg/w400-h336/P1110165.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As the Ottomans surge into Modon many of them are still outside the town and yet to scale the walls or climb through the breach.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYZJQCEFUDTctliWAyACTzW0FFvHgEFLAT3sds14dGzEW6V_j9Trij13-QmOawsfS8qJaB4jrWkIXEJuUNKMlpWGO7aLDwctChrqzDQLNR3XG1ysUYG3Jme7va4Nvjy_S3sDoPElO5i7D9Jx5KqGv7f-qmzxrVxcbui2LkFc7rU753IWsWCEO7a1jpCA/s4608/P1110177.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYZJQCEFUDTctliWAyACTzW0FFvHgEFLAT3sds14dGzEW6V_j9Trij13-QmOawsfS8qJaB4jrWkIXEJuUNKMlpWGO7aLDwctChrqzDQLNR3XG1ysUYG3Jme7va4Nvjy_S3sDoPElO5i7D9Jx5KqGv7f-qmzxrVxcbui2LkFc7rU753IWsWCEO7a1jpCA/w400-h300/P1110177.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A unit of armoured janissaries crashes into some Venetian skirmishers. The Venetian light infantry are sent back in disarray.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1df5rprO0aqMjUfBItreXY7NyyxH1ztnHgs195NZW-iW5PdYODXaxB-qwdEOAzmHiwp_wCFF-ZIQ3exPWWNKvmccC2tq1QdOCDcMZAW1JnQGb_FS6Gs54uysz_Sv5bKMFrno6Ap4RnMnJddR0LsiNOgjVZsvyEONBEnyvjnyRJFoqDZqrrSJSYbWiFA/s4608/P1110182.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1df5rprO0aqMjUfBItreXY7NyyxH1ztnHgs195NZW-iW5PdYODXaxB-qwdEOAzmHiwp_wCFF-ZIQ3exPWWNKvmccC2tq1QdOCDcMZAW1JnQGb_FS6Gs54uysz_Sv5bKMFrno6Ap4RnMnJddR0LsiNOgjVZsvyEONBEnyvjnyRJFoqDZqrrSJSYbWiFA/w400-h300/P1110182.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A bloody battle has developed around the orchard. Facing a storm of bolts and arquebus shot from the Venetians the janissaries seek temporary respite behind the orchard wall.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg15gpogKoZHmU8Gtul8xNS-L55vatXWuaRZGPWXL30HHFDonZdZ7HWCzOWBDnBj5xeuNXRAmR6Yj6l9jVDNwNHEP6X5JTVA5LJeWfIl2Ril80wmGxwpydXUsLYTUW6pULdOFYyl4KR1G_aN8sUt35-zdACheUvbeFQmizKNujiw4nMM3MMSy_ggIqKNw/s3896/P1110183.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3896" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg15gpogKoZHmU8Gtul8xNS-L55vatXWuaRZGPWXL30HHFDonZdZ7HWCzOWBDnBj5xeuNXRAmR6Yj6l9jVDNwNHEP6X5JTVA5LJeWfIl2Ril80wmGxwpydXUsLYTUW6pULdOFYyl4KR1G_aN8sUt35-zdACheUvbeFQmizKNujiw4nMM3MMSy_ggIqKNw/w400-h355/P1110183.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Marco Gabriel's men rush into the town to support Antonio Zantani's embattled infantry.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimf91cUH6Fmc_ICyV1zCSZQqA-48m02iHTq9nJ-oyXb9_jV-A9mc8FNS03KQB0edzXsKYiPINIvKSEKxSSQmkSmasU4WtAEykXSldyvVYkEkHnMj-AUrY8f1SezDUOfBiyKADADzdrtZMoKvktChiXWYsxG8TS_CIfiQlWKPCzaR2qTsg4gfDryeimPQ/s3984/P1110184.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2112" data-original-width="3984" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimf91cUH6Fmc_ICyV1zCSZQqA-48m02iHTq9nJ-oyXb9_jV-A9mc8FNS03KQB0edzXsKYiPINIvKSEKxSSQmkSmasU4WtAEykXSldyvVYkEkHnMj-AUrY8f1SezDUOfBiyKADADzdrtZMoKvktChiXWYsxG8TS_CIfiQlWKPCzaR2qTsg4gfDryeimPQ/w400-h213/P1110184.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Having pushed back the venetian skirmishers the armoured janissaries are now coming under heavy fire. They are soon brought down and the attack falters.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8aLmB8oZhAuqAnkygky3PxhV2gw-Sl3PvhCc9kTDwKxGB8aTnrsgv0N5--hPIepddvm8XGtLScFUHSzbO0HANXMLqQheMbNWo-vlkJeIem0-92QrtxuLFFmgIBsyfDg8_nujuLdlCrqogjsPz5TxLwKBgnyTSaSMJCp4iCGQkzi2WDUG8NLsNERA0Gw/s3604/P1110194.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3604" data-original-width="2636" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8aLmB8oZhAuqAnkygky3PxhV2gw-Sl3PvhCc9kTDwKxGB8aTnrsgv0N5--hPIepddvm8XGtLScFUHSzbO0HANXMLqQheMbNWo-vlkJeIem0-92QrtxuLFFmgIBsyfDg8_nujuLdlCrqogjsPz5TxLwKBgnyTSaSMJCp4iCGQkzi2WDUG8NLsNERA0Gw/w293-h400/P1110194.JPG" width="293" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Venetians give ground in the orchard as more janissaries join the fray.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Mortar shots launched from Bayezid's siege lines came crashing into the Venetian colony. They did considerable damage to the forces of the Serene Republic but also managed to kill some Ottomans as shots landed around the orchard which had become the epicentre of the fighting. The Venetians and janissaries sent attacks back and forth as each side attempted to gain the advantage. The orchard walls were valuable cover for both sides with the orchard itself proving difficult to fight in. <br /><br />In front of the town's main church, on the Ottoman right flank it seemed as if progress was being made by the attackers. This was where the main weight of the assault fell as here the janissaries were backed up by swarms of azabs. They pushed forward and it looked as if they would reach the church on numerous occasions but the Venetian defences were too strong and although bitter melees broke out in the streets as the Venetians clashed with the janissaries and azabs the Ottoman attack was always just staggered enough to prevent a breakthrough.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJMk7xu6-HbdVKhD-x2NMviGo5lK-sIhRPgItpRy3ujCE94tC9f8W1M3XfV9Tq2mvfcmDAQRep3efs-CFjF3vJ51eMVG4ju2PJf7flkA3fiYgIR7xKdXztx7YePGmBBHcNL7tKA1oOOenDSuxLwLh55AG9GLgWnA7tubAI0XJz6gWJwieLfSk1RAkvSw/s4608/P1110202.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1836" data-original-width="4608" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJMk7xu6-HbdVKhD-x2NMviGo5lK-sIhRPgItpRy3ujCE94tC9f8W1M3XfV9Tq2mvfcmDAQRep3efs-CFjF3vJ51eMVG4ju2PJf7flkA3fiYgIR7xKdXztx7YePGmBBHcNL7tKA1oOOenDSuxLwLh55AG9GLgWnA7tubAI0XJz6gWJwieLfSk1RAkvSw/w400-h160/P1110202.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The town house and orchard is the centre of a bitter struggle.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVzK1X6KX0wJv7m25e2g7YgesqNPRKZCsSx5xhcGx6emAkktj5Bo4TGpYn4GMHFZ9SKXP-uWfgBTUIQ6vkKYgOxErxPqfLgWdiCNnNJUOiy5tdGnVff3uwRV3fejG1HK3hnY0nq-e_sl7RiFm6j_vTEDD4Qygn3SSbud4xNsWkOQU_Miq38cGwiWnniw/s4608/P1110213.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2832" data-original-width="4608" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVzK1X6KX0wJv7m25e2g7YgesqNPRKZCsSx5xhcGx6emAkktj5Bo4TGpYn4GMHFZ9SKXP-uWfgBTUIQ6vkKYgOxErxPqfLgWdiCNnNJUOiy5tdGnVff3uwRV3fejG1HK3hnY0nq-e_sl7RiFm6j_vTEDD4Qygn3SSbud4xNsWkOQU_Miq38cGwiWnniw/w400-h246/P1110213.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Azabs and janissaries enter the orchard. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisS-ataNIStjeURuiAuMs-TGMfgHtukMtJy-XwP6r2dKYuaeyNyBnjDb_UHsqd-13Esf_naYlMRTnJO0RoKY-hZFXDvecgQgOarJCvU3W3mXdVBJiEw3ElYfU7bdhfKg1DUq2aIJb4R83rjbHOANwVju8vjw578ifl5DpwoKDOuCVMb3TCDkSLh4Gy4A/s4608/P1110216.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3348" data-original-width="4608" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisS-ataNIStjeURuiAuMs-TGMfgHtukMtJy-XwP6r2dKYuaeyNyBnjDb_UHsqd-13Esf_naYlMRTnJO0RoKY-hZFXDvecgQgOarJCvU3W3mXdVBJiEw3ElYfU7bdhfKg1DUq2aIJb4R83rjbHOANwVju8vjw578ifl5DpwoKDOuCVMb3TCDkSLh4Gy4A/w400-h291/P1110216.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Antonio Zantani and what is left of his retinue form up around the church.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG24x55ytDFcHf7v2BfOD8DfYz9xW7JvK8dfiw3FBOKVTNG_DS3h83vOVVGbRwzsMfcmCfWECaeH9DmFEzGlZCxEU4mj8WKKXAefnBnAOxUuD4frVfOWkgj6jsaI8nhXLM8k3mpjDIrOl-6YT59jFucn6Rzl9Z7fnJMicbrnJ3HWo7y4-KginR9LXibA/s4608/P1110228.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG24x55ytDFcHf7v2BfOD8DfYz9xW7JvK8dfiw3FBOKVTNG_DS3h83vOVVGbRwzsMfcmCfWECaeH9DmFEzGlZCxEU4mj8WKKXAefnBnAOxUuD4frVfOWkgj6jsaI8nhXLM8k3mpjDIrOl-6YT59jFucn6Rzl9Z7fnJMicbrnJ3HWo7y4-KginR9LXibA/w400-h300/P1110228.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Azabs and crossbowmen clash in a fierce melee right in front of Modon's church.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEZNlcapzNtWv6cZNztz1y8ImFr3VHMGEFl6WLhI4EfINFeOz1TM1Ugc4kwZxeFSb4mrlkEGlDGpDJsvKfbzYat9HRYOyvFTR9hltyNNNiroB8QynmTkO4qwOcTVXBXT_Nxy91CTmB3NGldub1Gc1B5NlXKQqE2OrWi0U5E3tmhmeLJuvCrsitdhu_Fw/s3456/P1110233.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3328" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEZNlcapzNtWv6cZNztz1y8ImFr3VHMGEFl6WLhI4EfINFeOz1TM1Ugc4kwZxeFSb4mrlkEGlDGpDJsvKfbzYat9HRYOyvFTR9hltyNNNiroB8QynmTkO4qwOcTVXBXT_Nxy91CTmB3NGldub1Gc1B5NlXKQqE2OrWi0U5E3tmhmeLJuvCrsitdhu_Fw/w385-h400/P1110233.JPG" width="385" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stradiot reinforcement's have managed to get into the town to support the Venetian defenders. Together with a unit of Venetian swordsmen they defeat the Janissary Agha, the morale of the attackers plummets.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY3NdSTbWlYrH3wOncxM759K-i2f-uRwzZk8mm8YfL0IjFKL4yLn4wjpeiWLOZL9SmhcddmtzUqkZnwxrXr15pBMC-vVcFp5GDCDwlAckgK2StoymvhvrUQ075_In5NusMpD4TkDKLH1L5SxuLAAvYMkXUpVWxxW1Gxl6RA4Xd9iz8uetr6DVb-nesFw/s4236/P1110248.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2232" data-original-width="4236" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY3NdSTbWlYrH3wOncxM759K-i2f-uRwzZk8mm8YfL0IjFKL4yLn4wjpeiWLOZL9SmhcddmtzUqkZnwxrXr15pBMC-vVcFp5GDCDwlAckgK2StoymvhvrUQ075_In5NusMpD4TkDKLH1L5SxuLAAvYMkXUpVWxxW1Gxl6RA4Xd9iz8uetr6DVb-nesFw/w400-h211/P1110248.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The azab captain attempts to rally the attackers urging them to press on with the assault.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The constant rain of shot and arrows on the Ottomans began to take its toll. During the fight a unit of Stradiots had made it through the Turkish siege lines and into the beleaguered town. They skirmished with the janissaries until the janissary Agha attacked them and drove them back. The Agha was then attacked by Venetian swordsmen and slain in the street. This had a terrible effect on the Ottoman morale and caused many of the janissary units to flee back over the walls.<br /><br /><span style="text-align: center;">Antonio Zantani commanded the Venetians from the front and stood defiantly guarding the church doors. </span>The captain of the azabs attempted to take up the reins and rally the faltering Ottoman army by leading an attack on Zantani but he was quickly slain in the attempt and the Turkish morale crumbled further. The damned orchard, or what was left of it, was finally in Ottoman hands but Modon most certainly wasn't and the assault had failed.<br /><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-u6ufJ-vN840Any5j14h4wtuZuvoxcqkiBm_Kk0RLjP1FALXRYWJIPVX2dD7fKNlj1XhufHzrhyysFs6bAWIAp0hfjVhr-261tg-AgGNzuyOVymRNbcoXRmo6TS7WM3Tyg2vU9ufnzRCJ3O84CtGOB9aBZ-eXTXEpvkf-EwpEq_VEUFBIrOdN4Z10SQ/s3200/P1110263.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3200" data-original-width="2424" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-u6ufJ-vN840Any5j14h4wtuZuvoxcqkiBm_Kk0RLjP1FALXRYWJIPVX2dD7fKNlj1XhufHzrhyysFs6bAWIAp0hfjVhr-261tg-AgGNzuyOVymRNbcoXRmo6TS7WM3Tyg2vU9ufnzRCJ3O84CtGOB9aBZ-eXTXEpvkf-EwpEq_VEUFBIrOdN4Z10SQ/w303-h400/P1110263.JPG" width="303" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The church tower looks to be within reach, the Ottomans throw unit after unit at it in an attempt to raise the crescent flag over the town...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEcXof7ZEG01TSVKuN7OnkahsFlJgMoio1Cgb50jdU7oeejgSREtYTlXkUCEbe8TFnRiFAaSIAURRadE8eKgjahN_cX7_EJ1lOMVJmqEU-yTJ4G5H7CoSSmUfMZylwaHeFL9mAxs7njW6jf6EKymNH511SsBagFccvzhEoOtZVf4AyDPdRAp-ZCzAnzA/s4608/P1110288.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEcXof7ZEG01TSVKuN7OnkahsFlJgMoio1Cgb50jdU7oeejgSREtYTlXkUCEbe8TFnRiFAaSIAURRadE8eKgjahN_cX7_EJ1lOMVJmqEU-yTJ4G5H7CoSSmUfMZylwaHeFL9mAxs7njW6jf6EKymNH511SsBagFccvzhEoOtZVf4AyDPdRAp-ZCzAnzA/w400-h300/P1110288.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...but casualties are mounting and, reinforced by the men from the harbour, the Venetian defence is too formidable.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkWVyZm1tiJkZNKN4qCOi71iKo59QgNZnUz2klGHaS2TzlmaUlz2LXqkAauMhVMZW41Ul9WgtptETPliRiff-jFPr1ZtBTmIrDOFOcQFSoPbBf67fI5VsT4EW-6fNmSnFWmm_It7m51rfclG47cCw-3JK7fxIVvzlWXAbuxcvijFRbCiroFM_3L54fOg/s3260/P1110294.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2888" data-original-width="3260" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkWVyZm1tiJkZNKN4qCOi71iKo59QgNZnUz2klGHaS2TzlmaUlz2LXqkAauMhVMZW41Ul9WgtptETPliRiff-jFPr1ZtBTmIrDOFOcQFSoPbBf67fI5VsT4EW-6fNmSnFWmm_It7m51rfclG47cCw-3JK7fxIVvzlWXAbuxcvijFRbCiroFM_3L54fOg/w400-h354/P1110294.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The azab captain is slain in a clash with Antonio Zantani.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI--ZlY3de5i8vmvvKVrNt2ywRKXP087tsllayeLxjx-s5t6MqIZ2pL-Lllm__VtXAk-Dy2-p8qSOHPzWOMA4o6glnsEAV5y1P5fwqgu8HgVFsAHyl6gdAaC0g-9sqIbO7i4YYdK4Icb-SViiX7OU9ngoLfkOOT7U84h6YWJZ3sq7U4VELm9RZ5Ght8A/s4608/P1110301.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI--ZlY3de5i8vmvvKVrNt2ywRKXP087tsllayeLxjx-s5t6MqIZ2pL-Lllm__VtXAk-Dy2-p8qSOHPzWOMA4o6glnsEAV5y1P5fwqgu8HgVFsAHyl6gdAaC0g-9sqIbO7i4YYdK4Icb-SViiX7OU9ngoLfkOOT7U84h6YWJZ3sq7U4VELm9RZ5Ght8A/w400-h300/P1110301.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Having suffered horrendous casualties the Ottomans have taken the orchard but Modon remains firmly in the hands of its Venetian defenders!</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><br />This game should have been titled "The Battle of the Orchard" as it became an endless back and forth over this small walled area! In command of the Ottomans it was as if I could never bring enough troops to bear at the right moment and instead just drip fed units into endless fighting around the walled garden. Tom did a great job of preventing his troops from getting too drawn into melees with the janissaries and instead held back just enough to keep them from overwhelming his troops.<br /><br />The mortar rules were a lot of fun and when combining them with the urban nature of the fighting and the endless arrow and arquebus shooting it felt more like a World War Two game at some points! If we replayed the game I think we would certainly change the terrain set up so the orchard would not effectively block the main attack and force the Ottomans up narrow channels. It would also be interesting to make it more specifically a "night attack" and have rules reducing the effectiveness of ranged attacks due to the darkness.</div><div><br />The Ottomans may have failed to take even one of the three target towers but we had a lot of laughs ( and maybe a few moans on my part!) about the endless orchard fighting and it certainly made for an absorbing wargame. Being able to finally set the table up with the harbour, carrack and town walls was fantastic, it really felt as if I was leading the miniatures in a full scale storming of the walls. We already have some ideas for our next game, let's just hope it doesn't feature a walled orchard!<br /><br /></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-21625695511692687062023-02-01T00:52:00.001-08:002023-02-01T00:52:18.550-08:0016th Century Sipahis<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJghC0ySTBEbyFLCc8upF8CNFUQQ5dgKszmQwTbVDYOzC39U2ko2_eI4Y5syHGQj9RslPGIXTtF02YxkMhDWw706L73GIWtDDgUwe1FAtv1p7fCzSkxBOWTPKkHd4pV2dfDRx8253anwIQFx-dSx0ejmDxLcGPvodE5F8YjEy-sZXu40hvNWvDoYQ8BQ/s4116/P1090906.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2220" data-original-width="4116" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJghC0ySTBEbyFLCc8upF8CNFUQQ5dgKszmQwTbVDYOzC39U2ko2_eI4Y5syHGQj9RslPGIXTtF02YxkMhDWw706L73GIWtDDgUwe1FAtv1p7fCzSkxBOWTPKkHd4pV2dfDRx8253anwIQFx-dSx0ejmDxLcGPvodE5F8YjEy-sZXu40hvNWvDoYQ8BQ/w400-h216/P1090906.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><p>Today we return to the 16th century Ottoman army with another unit of Sipahis made with superb figures by the Assault Group. Of course there have been a few conversions. Some were originally carrying swords or pistols and these weapons have been removed and replaced with lances. The commander originally carried a mace which I have swapped for a Turkish style battle axe. A lot of the figures have also had composite bows and quivers from Essex Miniatures added to their equipment. The "Çiçak" style helmets that some of the figures wear, with the cheek and neck guards, make them suitable for the 16th century onwards. The pistols have been removed from all of them as these would place them more firmly in the second half of the 16th century and I wanted the flexibility of being able to use them for games set earlier.</p><p>The unit follows on from the Sipahis I have already painted up by Warfare Miniatures, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/09/sipahis.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/09/sipahis.html</a>, and Old Glory, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2020/03/ottoman-sipahis-and-guns.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2020/03/ottoman-sipahis-and-guns.html</a>. I couldn't resist a few photos of them all as one large unit, so the last images show all 36 of them. I still have another 12 Assault Group figures to paint up and join them and the Warfare Miniatures Sipahis shooting their bows are also tempting me. As the Sipahis formed the bulk of Ottoman armies in this period my aim is to paint up a whole host of them.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-NCGh4n8SBlD_2KmbRf4qZVJm-9NvvPho45HZdGMclIQYdsIz0kye8gQFxV1NBfoXXesVXyKMPiY54MqXXLzKThOWpw1MixnTL-NcYbFhyjmH9XOJGIGC6RCiMM81AvZVt3f2A-q514u7DbDo_1NyfNETPMEdKMfK_SiW1Pav4G1RnSoE95gVmPrEKA/s4008/P1090902.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1864" data-original-width="4008" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-NCGh4n8SBlD_2KmbRf4qZVJm-9NvvPho45HZdGMclIQYdsIz0kye8gQFxV1NBfoXXesVXyKMPiY54MqXXLzKThOWpw1MixnTL-NcYbFhyjmH9XOJGIGC6RCiMM81AvZVt3f2A-q514u7DbDo_1NyfNETPMEdKMfK_SiW1Pav4G1RnSoE95gVmPrEKA/w400-h186/P1090902.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ottoman Sipahis, the figures are 28mm from The Assault Group.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicnVn6FV_u-0KW_K_QjzmFDH3RffqCCjfEwsB2SBW2nbStX0HM8S62CELxhNOWILerGNOKuz5baSrtrhmg8LkX6qU9dyoRUx2XSakhMsYGuBp2OWneUUuIrEwNmfkCaqzo9iIptOEv89V0BTl8JKWav-HgQmL40jZR-7DmdQIkxzn-VWpl0MLTq8jToQ/s3768/P1090921.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1972" data-original-width="3768" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicnVn6FV_u-0KW_K_QjzmFDH3RffqCCjfEwsB2SBW2nbStX0HM8S62CELxhNOWILerGNOKuz5baSrtrhmg8LkX6qU9dyoRUx2XSakhMsYGuBp2OWneUUuIrEwNmfkCaqzo9iIptOEv89V0BTl8JKWav-HgQmL40jZR-7DmdQIkxzn-VWpl0MLTq8jToQ/w400-h209/P1090921.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the figures from behind, some of the figures have had separate bows and quivers added.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbxvzt87INNbIQEdcLeC_gwdr4IRl67jpEuSyG38FHfg3yBEDsI1o-AdLt-OPqmCsSrIzjvsd6RRMI44jU1AoDQJiP3ByUCv4T1htAQlkyKpwaMkIUf-0434uGHeHwHLvITkO1I0HHPJgMJtgbSkYohwvwX-Hr_IqphyohPKzndNl8OKC2x0tFgB0Htg/s3548/P1090923.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3128" data-original-width="3548" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbxvzt87INNbIQEdcLeC_gwdr4IRl67jpEuSyG38FHfg3yBEDsI1o-AdLt-OPqmCsSrIzjvsd6RRMI44jU1AoDQJiP3ByUCv4T1htAQlkyKpwaMkIUf-0434uGHeHwHLvITkO1I0HHPJgMJtgbSkYohwvwX-Hr_IqphyohPKzndNl8OKC2x0tFgB0Htg/w400-h353/P1090923.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm Ottoman Sipahis.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj8Jepdz-FRP_k_CBPRMS2lZl6fKByzXa7vnm0laeitO9sqCtJzXX43r-oup0HoHGfclJVFhhxrw6HBS0qFEkgBW3KW8geTDfZOxlbxH0XIkmJsH9X4V4XBTofRwricM_4BbzIoTC95LAwUgVzHEoz5q2USgHL9eK1Lk7Os7ClM4lNeBjcFo8VDYlfHg/s4608/P1090931.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj8Jepdz-FRP_k_CBPRMS2lZl6fKByzXa7vnm0laeitO9sqCtJzXX43r-oup0HoHGfclJVFhhxrw6HBS0qFEkgBW3KW8geTDfZOxlbxH0XIkmJsH9X4V4XBTofRwricM_4BbzIoTC95LAwUgVzHEoz5q2USgHL9eK1Lk7Os7ClM4lNeBjcFo8VDYlfHg/w400-h300/P1090931.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">16th Century Ottomans, note the converted figure with the axe.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6nGt1aFDBQaQZQNCDEqKQJjCKBV2w9OlRYzXZDyiS5p_ugqRmBhunxsNq3kQUuIcABH_NkOjhSzMhjVn_MveqRG3SnoPKK18Grf_Q_SWWkDQkynAWQ_HUdhE1ePiISAYndUFiFbROhg4UJZWCYHBWILWWvko8zA0fWvuliuHOeXRvydD5wvAy8axA0A/s3456/P1090932.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3304" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6nGt1aFDBQaQZQNCDEqKQJjCKBV2w9OlRYzXZDyiS5p_ugqRmBhunxsNq3kQUuIcABH_NkOjhSzMhjVn_MveqRG3SnoPKK18Grf_Q_SWWkDQkynAWQ_HUdhE1ePiISAYndUFiFbROhg4UJZWCYHBWILWWvko8zA0fWvuliuHOeXRvydD5wvAy8axA0A/w383-h400/P1090932.JPG" width="383" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ottoman Sipahis.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwkMyEA6Dv-ylIznHaZDWeBiaAGEDBkEnA6aH7UolV6Qhv7TjhV65sEURfh9H83Uc0ufDDuFCjThcEGrKl2pGeel9KdzfrL4kVZ_lrGOJ91436_k0hMwvRq1HS7rBqA1VYTiB98_38ef7hhlSJYBhy_CM0dmvsTj-MXpOvcFZCY5ty00A6w8Kex7Culw/s4608/P1090937.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1656" data-original-width="4608" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwkMyEA6Dv-ylIznHaZDWeBiaAGEDBkEnA6aH7UolV6Qhv7TjhV65sEURfh9H83Uc0ufDDuFCjThcEGrKl2pGeel9KdzfrL4kVZ_lrGOJ91436_k0hMwvRq1HS7rBqA1VYTiB98_38ef7hhlSJYBhy_CM0dmvsTj-MXpOvcFZCY5ty00A6w8Kex7Culw/w400-h144/P1090937.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">All of the Sipahis so far. The figures are a mix of The Assault Group, Old Glory and Warfare Miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr9cT01DOHg3UMmdsqJFpNzTkuSoidlnsyILb_yhFqLIZtsBHDjYelIcWTXzPOeqOWn1OPsAvCAdlMQTMQQsmofPa7yB51LKhxq1yHnK-WGyJWe-urAAN1FHQrkmvuDlj9WYXaRid5qFbl5XIJzr5I3cedlt_9QomDf-Z4WTgfdQ9FaYeX-RxbL-Guiw/s3324/P1090940.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1784" data-original-width="3324" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr9cT01DOHg3UMmdsqJFpNzTkuSoidlnsyILb_yhFqLIZtsBHDjYelIcWTXzPOeqOWn1OPsAvCAdlMQTMQQsmofPa7yB51LKhxq1yHnK-WGyJWe-urAAN1FHQrkmvuDlj9WYXaRid5qFbl5XIJzr5I3cedlt_9QomDf-Z4WTgfdQ9FaYeX-RxbL-Guiw/w400-h215/P1090940.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ottoman Sipahis in 28mm.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIccrzfTg-w7mNh0kAK12TzR2K4ItAxHcvUFP6tkIl-K2cas5VMf_funpSRJ_4ySCijIgGOwktAleM0yY4v6DGqcrYQzg8iLZ1s3TNpn_K6gr0TOsNbbfu2Uu91kcuqV8DdjcypVz3Tib2dtFCCXuSC-EKamzRG-DZZXIxqs8ZzXpgoxivyoaWhC3N4w/s3688/P1090948.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2588" data-original-width="3688" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIccrzfTg-w7mNh0kAK12TzR2K4ItAxHcvUFP6tkIl-K2cas5VMf_funpSRJ_4ySCijIgGOwktAleM0yY4v6DGqcrYQzg8iLZ1s3TNpn_K6gr0TOsNbbfu2Uu91kcuqV8DdjcypVz3Tib2dtFCCXuSC-EKamzRG-DZZXIxqs8ZzXpgoxivyoaWhC3N4w/w400-h281/P1090948.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ottoman Sipahis.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvRvFLmo8In24USQfBrGSxyGDRvYmJUL2y2M4J-w4aQA7R6ExUbejexlZm40Xhc_8Tx1RTv4JLbZRTMKAippkbYWQ7eNMrTbgWcsa3YYejWHPYSMfm4Vwozlfebf6z-Dlz3gZs6UJssqezDUIpmI7ESpHM6IDC_05sLhV7Pz09q9bevklm-TTYAnbZOA/s3456/P1090953.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="2752" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvRvFLmo8In24USQfBrGSxyGDRvYmJUL2y2M4J-w4aQA7R6ExUbejexlZm40Xhc_8Tx1RTv4JLbZRTMKAippkbYWQ7eNMrTbgWcsa3YYejWHPYSMfm4Vwozlfebf6z-Dlz3gZs6UJssqezDUIpmI7ESpHM6IDC_05sLhV7Pz09q9bevklm-TTYAnbZOA/w319-h400/P1090953.JPG" width="319" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ottomans from TAG, Old Glory and Warfare Miniatures.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-75869343560826447432023-01-07T01:27:00.000-08:002023-01-07T01:27:15.764-08:00A Merchant Ship<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwSFlPeA2sUojA3D4V068Xsihu-ZzPWJ_7WthSwzhEIlF0l2Srk55HX6CkAane2xvwBnokskERne71ChzjGyOsz87-IUkohQ9ht62OgkNysAQdfhfgi0pD94XDiXo08vPS8cihfobltXMzOs09c-QpwrHCb3lktEtywfnwml9F6OilAc95IYZwF_XJCQ/s3472/1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3472" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwSFlPeA2sUojA3D4V068Xsihu-ZzPWJ_7WthSwzhEIlF0l2Srk55HX6CkAane2xvwBnokskERne71ChzjGyOsz87-IUkohQ9ht62OgkNysAQdfhfgi0pD94XDiXo08vPS8cihfobltXMzOs09c-QpwrHCb3lktEtywfnwml9F6OilAc95IYZwF_XJCQ/w399-h400/1.JPG" width="399" /></a></div><br /><div>For today's post we have a 28mm merchant vessel, ready to compliment the new harbour terrain boards that David Marshall made. The model is a resin 3D print from here: <a href="https://www.etsy.com/uk/listing/1303283920/merchant-carrack-28mm-treasure-island-3d">https://www.etsy.com/uk/listing/1303283920/merchant-carrack-28mm-treasure-island-3d</a>. It is clearly based on Columbus's "Santa Maria" which dated to the very end of the 15th century, see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(ship)" style="text-decoration-line: underline;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(ship)</a> Whilst quite a few medieval cogs are available in 28mm I think this design is more suitable for the early 1500s. The two contemporary images below give an idea of the kind of vessels in use in this period. The resin miniature did not come with sails, rigging, a proper crow's nest or the appropriate guns. As such I have had to source these separately and scratch build some parts.</div><div><br />In terms of the scratch building the furled sails are simply tissue paper that has been dampened and rolled into shape before being tied and glued to the masts. Once dry the sails have then been painted with diluted PVA to fix them in shape and, hopefully, make them more robust. The rigging is miniature "rope" and blocks from a model ship building website. I am well aware the rigging is far from perfect and looked at some online tutorials that were terrifyingly complex in this regard! I hope it gives the appropriate impression of the rigging even though it might look completely wrong to veteran model ship builders. I did have to keep telling myself that this is intended to be a scenic item rather than the centre piece of any game!<br /><br />The crow's nest is from <a href="https://www.ziterdes.com/">https://www.ziterdes.com/</a>, these guys do some really handy bits and pieces for 28mm ships, whilst the "bases" or swivel guns are a combination of 3D prints and metal miniatures. There is a great book on the armaments of the Mary Rose called "Weapons of Warre" and these miniature guns match the remains of those that were found on the Mary Rose perfectly. In the 16th century they seem to have been referred to as "bases" and the Anthony Roll states the Mary Rose had 30 such "bases". They were breechloading anti-personnel weapons that were operated from a standing position. The model above has 5 of these pieces. It is important to stress that this model is not of a warship but rather a merchant vessel commissioned or pressed into naval service as was common at the time. It's only other guns are two larger calibre wrought iron guns. I have taken these from Wars of the Roses field pieces.<br /><br />For the flags atop the masts I have followed the same technique used for my infantry and cavalry standards so they can be swapped and changed depending on what side the vessel is in the service of. The accompanying photos show it firstly as a Tudor ship and secondly as one in Habsburg service, inspired by lots of the images in Maximillian's Weisskunig, one of which is shown below. Working on this model was certainly something very new and quite a challenge but I feel I have learnt a lot from tackling it. I have loads of ideas for small scale naval landings as wargames in the future. Sir Edward Poyning's used English ships against Lord Ravenstein in 1492, Brest was stormed by English naval forces in the 1520s, James IV of Scotland subdued the Isles with his navy in the early 1500s and the siege of Waterford, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/02/warbeck-deal-and-waterford-1495.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/02/warbeck-deal-and-waterford-1495.html</a>, involved an attack at Lombard's Wear in which Warbeck's ships landed troops only to be repelled. Events like these will make for great small scale games and I am keen to explore these with the new harbour terrain and this ship. <br /><br />Now would I need a bigger warship to do a refight of Pinkie in 1547...</div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqHGQQpC7oeop4HaAtvADkxd-8neyiHFniNqiQqR21YIuys9Ts6QzCQMeL8y-ShWN4qNH8Atc48Nkk29AfKqERGIawaLiRLYlkp29jXfefeV7JXEZcfuB3PVw7mcf6SvyXdu8hQYt77Ar3LzMlIsxX7RNx_ISBM3ua3Kz_y-dN0h1ELQbDKGDTN0RJlA/s3388/B%20The%20Voyage%20of%20the%20White%20King%20Against%20the%20Turks,%20from%20Der%20Weisskunig.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3388" data-original-width="3004" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqHGQQpC7oeop4HaAtvADkxd-8neyiHFniNqiQqR21YIuys9Ts6QzCQMeL8y-ShWN4qNH8Atc48Nkk29AfKqERGIawaLiRLYlkp29jXfefeV7JXEZcfuB3PVw7mcf6SvyXdu8hQYt77Ar3LzMlIsxX7RNx_ISBM3ua3Kz_y-dN0h1ELQbDKGDTN0RJlA/w355-h400/B%20The%20Voyage%20of%20the%20White%20King%20Against%20the%20Turks,%20from%20Der%20Weisskunig.jpg" width="355" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early 16th century ships showing "The Voyage of the White King Against the Turks", from "Der Weisskunig", 1514-1516. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8YHxVg4EyC0Z18WI2Mk4EyPaU0hAH5esgF8pmj4mMqb-8wSNOPrc2BZlvQ7b3eIEOnOS1T5BAW5k7UUd0ObAuFdTFwQXFNPaEYrPPp_qO_2o1Op9OAT-F0SZqaJDC3pZ0Lz2pQYq-ZdrejcIOVVUGeg57RyDB3LcF4c39zoyQUPF-zIqbRqjPSxD5cA/s1312/MASTER%20of%20the%20Cassoni%20Campana%20Theseus%20and%20the%20Minotaur%201510s.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1168" data-original-width="1312" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8YHxVg4EyC0Z18WI2Mk4EyPaU0hAH5esgF8pmj4mMqb-8wSNOPrc2BZlvQ7b3eIEOnOS1T5BAW5k7UUd0ObAuFdTFwQXFNPaEYrPPp_qO_2o1Op9OAT-F0SZqaJDC3pZ0Lz2pQYq-ZdrejcIOVVUGeg57RyDB3LcF4c39zoyQUPF-zIqbRqjPSxD5cA/w400-h356/MASTER%20of%20the%20Cassoni%20Campana%20Theseus%20and%20the%20Minotaur%201510s.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A similar merchant vessel depicted in "Theseus and the Minotaur", master of the Cassoni Campana, 1510s. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr342AKpt6dEGpzfbMcIRDouZ6FJnbjXQt0_HOrDHL2wpwTv_dtMQXQ_pOr0mx9a2uAbVgUaJHVA4Ax7TB8mjnsPUqtpves0ycvBhK4fRELM7HsC5wL4dUAInaUyrOvTQZyk5Yz78PkseSoIRYdnoncw2n6RhPPmwpxL_FaI9y--TUWbC5qeK5f5J2dA/s3456/P1100595.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="2992" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr342AKpt6dEGpzfbMcIRDouZ6FJnbjXQt0_HOrDHL2wpwTv_dtMQXQ_pOr0mx9a2uAbVgUaJHVA4Ax7TB8mjnsPUqtpves0ycvBhK4fRELM7HsC5wL4dUAInaUyrOvTQZyk5Yz78PkseSoIRYdnoncw2n6RhPPmwpxL_FaI9y--TUWbC5qeK5f5J2dA/w346-h400/P1100595.JPG" width="346" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The vessel shown as a Tudor ship.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ6jVtmsMauRE_EopoSty1EPIpCzjB-bBNtnxSvP2E_o8IWgyJpigQ2qBI9CMsFpX-DIQHLJlTB-rYQNScid0f6yOsFKyh0SgdFyIugajNEJ3pL7s-QunZv25XOhXaMaCqdoTXSUMA4FtuLg0bhBhsx-d6xEUBHtd8w0RkqjqJRONbNApDDT-v1-I4dA/s3768/P1100604.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3768" data-original-width="2192" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ6jVtmsMauRE_EopoSty1EPIpCzjB-bBNtnxSvP2E_o8IWgyJpigQ2qBI9CMsFpX-DIQHLJlTB-rYQNScid0f6yOsFKyh0SgdFyIugajNEJ3pL7s-QunZv25XOhXaMaCqdoTXSUMA4FtuLg0bhBhsx-d6xEUBHtd8w0RkqjqJRONbNApDDT-v1-I4dA/w233-h400/P1100604.JPG" width="233" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the stern.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQO4AufS7eY_4_ImzjoMEEqgcLjFCHVN9UBGiqdnjJXrR-XSP7jHz0ilj-aBs0PkKjywFg8pamWQewR7G8_NLx0zT-KlTojoRSFGEG--1DmQ1WLjHO9hWirqqX2UNvsEW-gVu-lDLGauNQo8SMLqhQKSBeiw1h92YUk1o2mV531yzU486Ezvw9e8FEHw/s1720/P1100610.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1680" data-original-width="1720" height="391" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQO4AufS7eY_4_ImzjoMEEqgcLjFCHVN9UBGiqdnjJXrR-XSP7jHz0ilj-aBs0PkKjywFg8pamWQewR7G8_NLx0zT-KlTojoRSFGEG--1DmQ1WLjHO9hWirqqX2UNvsEW-gVu-lDLGauNQo8SMLqhQKSBeiw1h92YUk1o2mV531yzU486Ezvw9e8FEHw/w400-h391/P1100610.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ship in the harbour.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKBHBGCp89-jPVg_gClfa_c5mmJ13n68qB8MyHmP71Rl6Y8F7cg9yNIZIGRBWXZZJu4mnQq-2QUOqCZhTEYDl-Zcu-D7LKdBHkmMc0ZMoFMpAhlVALexsX9l-6EfM9hrff2kRPoDnSZeTeNs6pCz-TrHRnva8d6_EPud1UT0EpOSuw4yFqstVP5mVEGw/s3404/P1100615.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3200" data-original-width="3404" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKBHBGCp89-jPVg_gClfa_c5mmJ13n68qB8MyHmP71Rl6Y8F7cg9yNIZIGRBWXZZJu4mnQq-2QUOqCZhTEYDl-Zcu-D7LKdBHkmMc0ZMoFMpAhlVALexsX9l-6EfM9hrff2kRPoDnSZeTeNs6pCz-TrHRnva8d6_EPud1UT0EpOSuw4yFqstVP5mVEGw/w400-h376/P1100615.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">28mm early 16th century merchant ship.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEielXs6Bx_fmUkjlLd8VtH6nJfvhNHxczWc-pGoRYfDVzbjjIfXSAQDm3iV7l3RyRUuLQHPT9W4h0XaBJ3sfIxWdybmH9WdXt6sRLYwBkeiNDPI9UK_D0yAuiHhX-UCTtQNMjPw3gBhmBU05HWThFntlipFKy22lNJQI5Oc1gimnJnK0pS3WRz5pov1iQ/s3136/P1100651.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3136" data-original-width="1896" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEielXs6Bx_fmUkjlLd8VtH6nJfvhNHxczWc-pGoRYfDVzbjjIfXSAQDm3iV7l3RyRUuLQHPT9W4h0XaBJ3sfIxWdybmH9WdXt6sRLYwBkeiNDPI9UK_D0yAuiHhX-UCTtQNMjPw3gBhmBU05HWThFntlipFKy22lNJQI5Oc1gimnJnK0pS3WRz5pov1iQ/w241-h400/P1100651.JPG" width="241" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the bow.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqEqzFJMkWIVCD791-KxvPyBvSEVLXHBTFmPCVh1jgrypRCRDmH2CfPOA-mVAIZ__LUqkIpYiPMCAROP0Vb9udmTTVXtll4uNEWYZOsTj8uugGpuH5lA4PqE6K3jWu6Q2U7XByVRf37UjdNTUo4RefH0bGn6CfiT4bbi0dW5kWAtrZPA2nEYYsPIt0SQ/s4608/P1100653.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2776" data-original-width="4608" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqEqzFJMkWIVCD791-KxvPyBvSEVLXHBTFmPCVh1jgrypRCRDmH2CfPOA-mVAIZ__LUqkIpYiPMCAROP0Vb9udmTTVXtll4uNEWYZOsTj8uugGpuH5lA4PqE6K3jWu6Q2U7XByVRf37UjdNTUo4RefH0bGn6CfiT4bbi0dW5kWAtrZPA2nEYYsPIt0SQ/w400-h241/P1100653.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the crow's nest.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1K-Z-y3MQJFYZE2cxUgnSycNdciibEP-1FzTc5vUCTnTMJuczotSP9-J6Yty026ZCA3edyNjkYYLZgDxzgRaxDuhF9WI-Qt60rRroK2ILNdJbeCW45CU4M77nLgOsxqV76VnD68H3o4WrttmsrjP5MHjl0nqGofQX3bpdW-Y-cQNjiUAK7dYzyBw78Q/s3192/P1100654.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3080" data-original-width="3192" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1K-Z-y3MQJFYZE2cxUgnSycNdciibEP-1FzTc5vUCTnTMJuczotSP9-J6Yty026ZCA3edyNjkYYLZgDxzgRaxDuhF9WI-Qt60rRroK2ILNdJbeCW45CU4M77nLgOsxqV76VnD68H3o4WrttmsrjP5MHjl0nqGofQX3bpdW-Y-cQNjiUAK7dYzyBw78Q/w400-h386/P1100654.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ship shown as a Habsburg vessel in harbour.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDvgA_iotrWfJM7ZwRtfVvyN9OIYmEvLnsIDt72WZxWSwWwLwTbV439kc9C8OByFVbQZDgXxqaTWTt0iYwq8Nv9bSHXaerCeqCHAF-oPtIjDRSk3ndN_79wayumEOydHNSna1P1sXlVCrL19y8oKuqCD8p3PdACHO34zryKgFae6DsBPvRuaXeBUjOrA/s4608/P1100675.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDvgA_iotrWfJM7ZwRtfVvyN9OIYmEvLnsIDt72WZxWSwWwLwTbV439kc9C8OByFVbQZDgXxqaTWTt0iYwq8Nv9bSHXaerCeqCHAF-oPtIjDRSk3ndN_79wayumEOydHNSna1P1sXlVCrL19y8oKuqCD8p3PdACHO34zryKgFae6DsBPvRuaXeBUjOrA/w400-h300/P1100675.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Note the large anchor tied up.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2OQbfN-uzgYDVHYSzf53y_rRWEaFXvfYGYOSWZZ3ozzxPdzlbjv5esABpkuQGFA3aQAJtG_UQDdZB8VPW79GkCx22Ikpffgt67pGM0hvXKix53p8UTDYC4SxSNnHZiQn7UEsR6pHuvJPzq8WikD7xEfgUHiblE5Ngl-ykQPggdxnX9AXvCap4MoAKZQ/s2632/P1100685.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2632" data-original-width="1256" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2OQbfN-uzgYDVHYSzf53y_rRWEaFXvfYGYOSWZZ3ozzxPdzlbjv5esABpkuQGFA3aQAJtG_UQDdZB8VPW79GkCx22Ikpffgt67pGM0hvXKix53p8UTDYC4SxSNnHZiQn7UEsR6pHuvJPzq8WikD7xEfgUHiblE5Ngl-ykQPggdxnX9AXvCap4MoAKZQ/w191-h400/P1100685.JPG" width="191" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the stern and rudder.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FSmKAvv35-afqucvZuqe4b35U8yvKL_mLuKtS_jYh3IjPzdGwCcDkuXRcPcrXJhnPFfrO1N_ihMpRkxyujnQOqG2oV5IwagRFNf9KO2GPR5xIlh6MvZeqGjOY3MgX3Fjt09wgGDyodV65jTJm6X022N6b4ENCsPSbhFzK4pXooX9teLYcug1ycNyGw/s4608/P1100689.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FSmKAvv35-afqucvZuqe4b35U8yvKL_mLuKtS_jYh3IjPzdGwCcDkuXRcPcrXJhnPFfrO1N_ihMpRkxyujnQOqG2oV5IwagRFNf9KO2GPR5xIlh6MvZeqGjOY3MgX3Fjt09wgGDyodV65jTJm6X022N6b4ENCsPSbhFzK4pXooX9teLYcug1ycNyGw/w400-h300/P1100689.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the deck and one of the "Bases of Iron".</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihbWYLecBn__15v-21DZ1m-cDFUgjEYKYkDmzUEHrx_qucTJEO26erCI8i816HJMoJ2Z7QZ-Z28CxsAE4L9BA6G7-THw84gnV1oaLKXXIIBANlQiAEzSeBmzRWe3VLTp98jizlqyPIl4Es9ld3Jw40L2rojRETelpMdJqPBDsTEdZ0TPeFM-ZfVVisMQ/s4608/P1100711.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihbWYLecBn__15v-21DZ1m-cDFUgjEYKYkDmzUEHrx_qucTJEO26erCI8i816HJMoJ2Z7QZ-Z28CxsAE4L9BA6G7-THw84gnV1oaLKXXIIBANlQiAEzSeBmzRWe3VLTp98jizlqyPIl4Es9ld3Jw40L2rojRETelpMdJqPBDsTEdZ0TPeFM-ZfVVisMQ/w400-h300/P1100711.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of some of the ship's weaponry. "Bases of Iron" or Swivel guns and larger calibre artillery pieces on the deck. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdT0wHlsOE95wDVry04nzMKHNRXagi-rIUHVRKNMbmzrHO3rL-O6BK3tn_U5OkE4iFpO5E78F6LCsay9Ibmjhl-R9Ix4jeKDNtGSFcp_E_VMThw_zfr25jONvdI426eGf4MFZ_DFNrayG035xGOsYTTrfTto1KKLX0N9LbgBVjrVNpi7KHP-V7UuC8ZQ/s3412/P1100715.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3296" data-original-width="3412" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdT0wHlsOE95wDVry04nzMKHNRXagi-rIUHVRKNMbmzrHO3rL-O6BK3tn_U5OkE4iFpO5E78F6LCsay9Ibmjhl-R9Ix4jeKDNtGSFcp_E_VMThw_zfr25jONvdI426eGf4MFZ_DFNrayG035xGOsYTTrfTto1KKLX0N9LbgBVjrVNpi7KHP-V7UuC8ZQ/w400-h386/P1100715.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of one of the gun ports.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAUUzvxemEifpKrzLhvm9GpIjrP7yLcvANseupWyhusRT8N6hJJoK8DDBeemjvYd4xVrxTnI97sijIj_ZR9suTS7Sq-LbM_gk0N_GBtCCsf7mVkhXpJ-vs1sBvMX7iYONrWpQ2yo1Qja4fDMSgyHLG1xktvd2ERvYUQQELG6H_U3bnmbaaEzD7GbV-Ng/s4608/P1100643.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAUUzvxemEifpKrzLhvm9GpIjrP7yLcvANseupWyhusRT8N6hJJoK8DDBeemjvYd4xVrxTnI97sijIj_ZR9suTS7Sq-LbM_gk0N_GBtCCsf7mVkhXpJ-vs1sBvMX7iYONrWpQ2yo1Qja4fDMSgyHLG1xktvd2ERvYUQQELG6H_U3bnmbaaEzD7GbV-Ng/w400-h300/P1100643.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some of the rigging and a close up of the anchor.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p></div>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6819465537498177551.post-68932712631913061052023-01-01T01:16:00.000-08:002023-01-01T01:16:15.967-08:00La Motta, 1513<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMggVDOQbmjlRxNx4aGiMihiwfFXFNdsfQAXXyraccyUSNKtey1Ch9fClboGzMmgy0sorLmt47N4TteeJMjRBXivThpM2YSdYuQ93o539c33shFIBL0drId0q4wtPIfdOKu2M24Dek-iMb-SyxZhQyY2VMoh8z6iJpVQkh3j4xHvUk9NOivgW3V-9TrQ/s1904/1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1394" data-original-width="1904" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMggVDOQbmjlRxNx4aGiMihiwfFXFNdsfQAXXyraccyUSNKtey1Ch9fClboGzMmgy0sorLmt47N4TteeJMjRBXivThpM2YSdYuQ93o539c33shFIBL0drId0q4wtPIfdOKu2M24Dek-iMb-SyxZhQyY2VMoh8z6iJpVQkh3j4xHvUk9NOivgW3V-9TrQ/w400-h293/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Over the festive period with some time off work my brother, Jeremy, and I thought it would be fun to get a load of figures on the table and have a wargame. We didn't want anything too complicated so chose a refight of the Italian Wars battle of La Motta as the event on which to base our game.<br /><br /><div><u>La Motta, 1513</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Following the defeat of Louis II de la Trémoille's French army at Novara in June of 1513, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/06/novara-1513.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2022/06/novara-1513.html</a>, their Venetian allies suddenly found themselves isolated. Formerly part of a "Holy League" established by the warrior pope Julius II in 1511 to throw the French out of Italy the Venetians had decided to ally with their former foes in March of 1513 when the Papacy sided with another league member, Maximilian I, over Imperial territory in northern Italy. Maximilian, supported by the Papacy, laid claim to most of Venice's mainland Italian territory of the Veneto.</div><div><br /></div><div>Facing a hostile Spain, Papacy and Holy Roman Empire the Venetian forces were led by Bartolomeo d'Alviano (who had won a victory against Maximilian's forces in 1508 at Cadore, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/02/pieve-di-cadore-1508.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2021/02/pieve-di-cadore-1508.html</a>, and suffered catastrophic defeat at French hands at Agnadello in 1509, <a href="http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2019/08/agnadello-1509.html">http://camisado1500s.blogspot.com/2019/08/agnadello-1509.html</a>). D'Alviano retreated to the safety of the Veneto. The Spanish Viceroy of Naples, Ramón de Cardona, joined with Imperial troops under Georg von Frundsberg, the Italian Condotierre Prospero Colonna and 200 Papal men at arms and after an abortive siege of Padua the combined forces swept through the area between Padua and Venice devastating as much Venetian territory as possible and deliberately targeting the villas of wealthy Venetians. This provocation worked and after being reinforced by local volunteers and angry Venetian nobles d'Alviano was forced to take the field against the Spanish, Papal and Imperialist forces (Spain and the Empire were yet to be unified under Charles V at this point).</div><div><br /></div><div>As the Holy League force attempted to make its way to Vicenza and out of Venetian territory on 7 October 1513 they found their path blocked by d'Alviano. The allied Holy League forces consisted of around 7,000 infantry, 3,500 of these being landsknecht, and 1,000 horse whilst d'Alviano may have had as many as 10,000 poorer quality infantry and 3,000 cavalry. The Venetian general attempted to outflank the Spanish and Imperialist forces by placing heavy and light cavalry on his left flank with Gianpaolo Baglioni and further cavalry on the right. The Venetian centre was held by the Venetian militia drawn up in two squares on a hill. Facing them Cardona and Colonna took command of the allied cavalry whilst the landsknecht infantry under Frundsberg and Spanish infantry under Fernando d'Ávalos, Marquess of Pescara, formed in two separate contingents.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Spanish and German infantry made straight for the Venetian infantry routing the two square formations. The landsknecht were particularly savage in their pursuit, taking revenge for the slaughter that had taken place a Cadore five years earlier. Although the allied cavalry had been outmatched by the Venetians this rout led to a general collapse of the Venetian forces and all of their banners and artillery were captured along with the cavalry commander Gianpaolo Baglioni. To make matters worse Teodoro Trivulzio, who held Vicenza for the Venice, refused to let the fleeing troops enter fearing the pursuing forces may enter with them. This meant that many of the Venetian cavalry drowned attempting to ford nearby rivers and escape. Vicenza did fall to the Spanish and German forces but the extent of the defeat was limited as winter closed in. The Spanish set up winter quarters in Polesine with the Germans stationing themselves in Verona.</div><div><br /></div></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSg5zES2Z22pl1GvS61DEmkx4HazwuX_GoB-gYK8KicPIhe5URvui-W0RwCFW3TfVUO1bMap480y-DjzBIAbjGK-UbBxvgghKI9KV2dcCGaZGc5Y8bSCRzDyllXy3kPj-cZd94bPDz918M2X230T7LqIpiq7u89gUmQoyGj7H_8bhQwaG-Mdde1LRMwQ/s3244/P1100723.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2580" data-original-width="3244" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSg5zES2Z22pl1GvS61DEmkx4HazwuX_GoB-gYK8KicPIhe5URvui-W0RwCFW3TfVUO1bMap480y-DjzBIAbjGK-UbBxvgghKI9KV2dcCGaZGc5Y8bSCRzDyllXy3kPj-cZd94bPDz918M2X230T7LqIpiq7u89gUmQoyGj7H_8bhQwaG-Mdde1LRMwQ/w400-h319/P1100723.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The armies deployed. On the left of the photo the Venetians are arrayed with a large contingent of militia in the centre whilst heavy and light cavalry form two wings. On the right is the Holy League force with professional infantry in the centre and smaller bodies of horse on the wings. The Holy League army commander, Ramón de Cardona is on the League left flank whist the Venetian general, Bartolomeo d'Alviano in on the Venetian left flank.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMo0tBzq9jZGqcnHxOzn9MUEprdHI3bB9cMwu8AA7AR8Vd6dbuwenH4fGK0TgpVzgRdb_DYjVIuFoLR8KXuPHDhWXJ8BzznEkPaL7BAiL_UAZHYzEbnqo4Tleq4srV-990QV-b7mIBVyX96y63ATcnG9z3bIVd3rFfcBvglRJHc8SQeLZMKmRF8maAug/s3552/P1100736.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3200" data-original-width="3552" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMo0tBzq9jZGqcnHxOzn9MUEprdHI3bB9cMwu8AA7AR8Vd6dbuwenH4fGK0TgpVzgRdb_DYjVIuFoLR8KXuPHDhWXJ8BzznEkPaL7BAiL_UAZHYzEbnqo4Tleq4srV-990QV-b7mIBVyX96y63ATcnG9z3bIVd3rFfcBvglRJHc8SQeLZMKmRF8maAug/w400-h360/P1100736.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the Holy League force from the other end of the table. In the foreground is Prospero Colonna with a unit of men at arms. Behind him are Frundsberg's landsknecht, whilst in the top left of the photo are Pescara's Spanish infantry and Ramón de Cardona with more men at arms.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiruJT1ECPIfNJJYenuw5PX3N3X5dbcoth7FSmP3Q8ibmimiSby-WTzUyZzK0HVhtjpu533eyEyA_L7Vj1tlZmGFmC6LD7EC17rDhJDgNZ0rPS6I8VaNlQlCuje-O_mVPRJtzQoDeP_L8GQt82-iIM5lt7OpY1E2RZE91oKDtfFAZLI3tNeZKFsxkh_Ew/s2548/P1100742.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2548" data-original-width="2240" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiruJT1ECPIfNJJYenuw5PX3N3X5dbcoth7FSmP3Q8ibmimiSby-WTzUyZzK0HVhtjpu533eyEyA_L7Vj1tlZmGFmC6LD7EC17rDhJDgNZ0rPS6I8VaNlQlCuje-O_mVPRJtzQoDeP_L8GQt82-iIM5lt7OpY1E2RZE91oKDtfFAZLI3tNeZKFsxkh_Ew/w351-h400/P1100742.JPG" width="351" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of the mass of Venetian levies formed up on a gentle ridge.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2zZC0lK8ETOFe-_GYTMIeg28ctVtJOVCxPi0YftCXbHflmIrnZWd6C21euxeh2R7TtRQJIk--91z1Q4EtWvrKj0Z0bpjOs68H4LnE3iwIeq22YcN_GFDLK_14lSFK9bWVDD6yDD-pAJT29d8Gqkh4UuWucZMLdXpgski6wS6_s5e_qNl53ZbiNQVw6Q/s4248/P1100750.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4248" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2zZC0lK8ETOFe-_GYTMIeg28ctVtJOVCxPi0YftCXbHflmIrnZWd6C21euxeh2R7TtRQJIk--91z1Q4EtWvrKj0Z0bpjOs68H4LnE3iwIeq22YcN_GFDLK_14lSFK9bWVDD6yDD-pAJT29d8Gqkh4UuWucZMLdXpgski6wS6_s5e_qNl53ZbiNQVw6Q/w400-h325/P1100750.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fernando d'Ávalos, Marquess of Pescara with the Spanish infantry and Holy League artillery.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><u>The Scenario</u></div><div><br /></div><div>We wanted to keep the game simple so decided to fight it out as straight forward battle with victory going to whoever could rout or destroy the opposing force. Whilst we used lots of figures for the units the game was played with the simple Renaissance Rampant rules that I always use. This way it would look like a larger scale battle but we could play it through in a morning. To give the right feel of the battle of La Motta we included a couple of special rules.<br /><br /></div><div><u>Deployment</u></div><div><br /></div><div>As per the original battle the Venetians had to deploy with the cavalry on the wings. At least one cavalry unit had to be on each flank whilst the infantry and culverin (represented by two artillery pieces) had to deploy in the centre.</div><div><br /></div><div>For the Holy League force the Spanish and landsknecht had to deploy in two distinct bodies of infantry.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Revenge</u></div><div><br /></div><div>Due to the battle of Cadore some years previously in 1508 the landsknecht pike and foot knights (representing Frundsberg) all had "wild charge" when faced with the Venetian infantry.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Armies</u></div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Venetians under Bartolomeo d'Alviano</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Bartolomeo d'Alviano, retinue leader)</div><div>1 Unit of Gendarmes (Gianpaolo Baglioni) </div><div>2 Units of Elmeti </div><div>2 Units of Stradiots </div><div>1 Unit of Mounted Crossbowmen </div><div><br /></div><div>2 Units of Italian Pike </div><div>2 Units of Italian infantry </div><div>1 Unit of Italian Arquebusiers </div><div><br /></div><div>1 Culverin </div><div><br /></div><div><u>The Holy League force under Ramón de Cardona, Viceroy of Naples</u></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Unit of Men at Arms (Ramón de Cardona, retinue leader) </div><div>1 Unit of Men at Arms (Prospero Colonna) </div><div>1 Unit of Men at Arms </div><div><br /></div><div>Landsknecht:</div><div>1 Unit of Foot Knights (Georg von Frundsberg) </div><div>1 Unit of Landsknecht Arquebusiers </div><div>2 Units of Landsknecht Pike </div><div><br /></div><div>Spanish:<br />1 Unit of Foot Knights (Fernando d'Ávalos, Marquess of Pescara)</div><div>1 Unit of Spanish Pike </div><div>2 Units of Spanish Arquebusiers <br /> </div><div>1 Culverin </div><div><br /></div><div>Jeremy took command of d'Alviano's Venetians whilst I took command of the Holy League forces. The December light on the day of the game was quite poor so we didn't get loads of photos but enough to give a good idea of the action. A brief account of the game follows but as always the captions by the photos are a good way to track the game.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAHNo3Up0nsUx3eF3kJ5GZPdBoMTKTlrB8QFI-GOv665Fu4m1aQNrlqbd-BOawZOR7mR-2lFc0QLf7qWkjL-G5snqvL6z20P2HxT1ooeH0ofaZWqlGacnR_fuBIypC4HXARosNd1IrIV6fUlBlPzOUqswySvUC78jGwfNNmDhf32SFGukTCxNR82CgNg/s4084/P1100756.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3200" data-original-width="4084" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAHNo3Up0nsUx3eF3kJ5GZPdBoMTKTlrB8QFI-GOv665Fu4m1aQNrlqbd-BOawZOR7mR-2lFc0QLf7qWkjL-G5snqvL6z20P2HxT1ooeH0ofaZWqlGacnR_fuBIypC4HXARosNd1IrIV6fUlBlPzOUqswySvUC78jGwfNNmDhf32SFGukTCxNR82CgNg/w400-h314/P1100756.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As some of the Venetian infantry begin a cautious advance down the ridge Pescara's Spanish arquebusiers move forward to disorder their formation.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_KRWziJrNv9knXN6Oc2rDVz2S7hEofq_TApLPd8bMr6dSbW7d5w26D3EE3vXYLPD-z-xxB-NzEV1ePP_-nubFyO5cp3B58lsh5znYFXKtwVjweZBMTm3HRhCABU-rKqjRdoq3fN4JD2k8g19I3HieX-BgDunTk42jsG0glzmter_jpOcKNKxWGX7M2Q/s3656/P1100772.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3656" height="378" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_KRWziJrNv9knXN6Oc2rDVz2S7hEofq_TApLPd8bMr6dSbW7d5w26D3EE3vXYLPD-z-xxB-NzEV1ePP_-nubFyO5cp3B58lsh5znYFXKtwVjweZBMTm3HRhCABU-rKqjRdoq3fN4JD2k8g19I3HieX-BgDunTk42jsG0glzmter_jpOcKNKxWGX7M2Q/w400-h378/P1100772.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fernando d'Ávalos, Marquess of Pescara, commands his Spanish infantry forward.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jBspTSYtvJ8UV5ih9-SQgWH_9oOByBPXW6O9imGSGKmbZDBpuT1YXJ8AeW5HLhp5XjjHO7VA-nZQFabap948bu19waozlAWwKlV4sF442n1b_qzvge9DsymDjYPjeI3Y0UHLPwzyn7Zxx14Bx8-qq2QWryOla0v3ndScIuzF1am4Vqz4zBL3RLLruQ/s2792/P1100775.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2512" data-original-width="2792" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5jBspTSYtvJ8UV5ih9-SQgWH_9oOByBPXW6O9imGSGKmbZDBpuT1YXJ8AeW5HLhp5XjjHO7VA-nZQFabap948bu19waozlAWwKlV4sF442n1b_qzvge9DsymDjYPjeI3Y0UHLPwzyn7Zxx14Bx8-qq2QWryOla0v3ndScIuzF1am4Vqz4zBL3RLLruQ/w400-h360/P1100775.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Venetian and Spanish arquebusiers fire on each other as the battle begins.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIagekNlPifHq-4uWgpBNOeCUbsYiE8zdUtSnOH4cmyILyy21-8VkOS1Uaac5YGT1gps4PQrKYetebbxQWzqRJ3KpIi9vNpH_6aOuEHzbXUEfmFWbwIHLv9O2khiQNKz36NvhvEuoVCdNgUaBhkVFSU7ubhWhrkDkcneckpv2NVTKNIIGUFIBswRdfHg/s3084/P1100780.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2780" data-original-width="3084" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIagekNlPifHq-4uWgpBNOeCUbsYiE8zdUtSnOH4cmyILyy21-8VkOS1Uaac5YGT1gps4PQrKYetebbxQWzqRJ3KpIi9vNpH_6aOuEHzbXUEfmFWbwIHLv9O2khiQNKz36NvhvEuoVCdNgUaBhkVFSU7ubhWhrkDkcneckpv2NVTKNIIGUFIBswRdfHg/w400-h360/P1100780.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view across the battlefield as the armies move forward. Note the Venetian cavalry in the foreground attempting to outflank the League forces.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwmhFv25So8JwELUQYlZ_PgOCLq_idAWvr6d9mtXa2Pz2Xhr5p3vLNLDS-I3fNzIoZQ5TbSxQRVwCGjw7MEi17uwaT1N1xegagdu3wdoSHoIkIJYINMjyn1p5Rnnh4Qz2R9HEgeK2NeU0IYZHzPi4Ssy9oqJTMx1bIVIxzD5x2Tbr7-N0eRoVGyIwKPg/s2560/P1100782.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2560" data-original-width="2176" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwmhFv25So8JwELUQYlZ_PgOCLq_idAWvr6d9mtXa2Pz2Xhr5p3vLNLDS-I3fNzIoZQ5TbSxQRVwCGjw7MEi17uwaT1N1xegagdu3wdoSHoIkIJYINMjyn1p5Rnnh4Qz2R9HEgeK2NeU0IYZHzPi4Ssy9oqJTMx1bIVIxzD5x2Tbr7-N0eRoVGyIwKPg/w340-h400/P1100782.JPG" width="340" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Georg von Frundsberg orders his landsknecht forward to support the Spanish arquebusiers as they come under fire from the Venetian artillery.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5wVteomcEn5sPG2p3XB0n8i_XMIyY8qWUixzkGbeFMZFNg_a5j9YeRhi2SmvwwFZZScNscPIdKzsTOkMBs6P19gOclCLTfwigWtPfIL2Ns2kMXusoTTmi9StRMwIjBRVW2GasFHEaHBCN9aCRpE_bL9sSURd5XsCFTtwNWyXwVAWhaMNCeY30Y0cqgA/s2104/P1100784.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1980" data-original-width="2104" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5wVteomcEn5sPG2p3XB0n8i_XMIyY8qWUixzkGbeFMZFNg_a5j9YeRhi2SmvwwFZZScNscPIdKzsTOkMBs6P19gOclCLTfwigWtPfIL2Ns2kMXusoTTmi9StRMwIjBRVW2GasFHEaHBCN9aCRpE_bL9sSURd5XsCFTtwNWyXwVAWhaMNCeY30Y0cqgA/w400-h376/P1100784.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Venetian infantry in the centre of d'Alviano's lines.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The fighting began with the Venetian infantry on the ridge edging forward but not committing to a full advance. To face them Pescara's arquebusiers advanced forming a thin line of lighter troops in front of the Holy League pike blocks. As the Spanish opened fire on the Venetian infantry the Venetians countered with their artillery. Both sides took casualties as the fire fight developed but neither seemed ready to advance any further.<br /><br />It was on the Holy League's right flank where the first hand to hand fighting broke out. A force of stradiots and mounted crossbowmen launched skirmish attacks on Prospero Colonna's men at arms. Supported by the landsknecht arquebusiers Colonna charged the stradiots managing to catch them before they could evade and causing them to flee the field. The mounted crossbowmen were temporarily driven back by shots from the landsknecht. Colonna's success was short lived as having charged the stradiots he was then charged by Venetian men at arms who disordered his horsemen and sent them back in flight. The shot from the landsknecht held off continued attacks on the Holy League's flank.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjQg1vsf_jgjx1zWrbCrYGCBUGCWs8rZkl4YCXlCwIa72VmV5unqG1pwu_1Li5O2Frdm3ahDiM25w2QAW5mjFC3jaVaVIyQN0suA8t3B5BN-4Db5tY4luwPPlRFAU7yHI7_g10F_JC1q4GT6xLsuX0ya3cIsg2Zm4zYRBwOjfXRWdqpbaNWXHcFep_Sw/s3508/P1100787.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3164" data-original-width="3508" height="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjQg1vsf_jgjx1zWrbCrYGCBUGCWs8rZkl4YCXlCwIa72VmV5unqG1pwu_1Li5O2Frdm3ahDiM25w2QAW5mjFC3jaVaVIyQN0suA8t3B5BN-4Db5tY4luwPPlRFAU7yHI7_g10F_JC1q4GT6xLsuX0ya3cIsg2Zm4zYRBwOjfXRWdqpbaNWXHcFep_Sw/w400-h361/P1100787.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A cavalry melee ensues on the League right flank. Some of the Stradiots in Venetian employ are caught by Prospero Colonna's men at arms...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg35oUOitdFbuqSMTPilNv9AEiWA7Hw-b8soU-m6l2NJTBhtUbCHgw6gHakF7ziVhcOL7rfnwtnYrEK_nMWdiNn6AVmR5zVBk3qNEvIFuRYSzCncqN6JVhSsvF2zU4LhmhNk80k5Gm3yS_uvOpxZTNWDt7SHmq5rPelZoyr_iDjCSxsL1F9-KjMlEfRMw/s4572/P1100791.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4572" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg35oUOitdFbuqSMTPilNv9AEiWA7Hw-b8soU-m6l2NJTBhtUbCHgw6gHakF7ziVhcOL7rfnwtnYrEK_nMWdiNn6AVmR5zVBk3qNEvIFuRYSzCncqN6JVhSsvF2zU4LhmhNk80k5Gm3yS_uvOpxZTNWDt7SHmq5rPelZoyr_iDjCSxsL1F9-KjMlEfRMw/w400-h303/P1100791.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...though the Stradiots are defeated and flee, Colonna's horsemen are then counter charged by Venetian men at arms and forced back in disarray.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY3jKjwrlbAHGWGYkVNwCPfnh42eUIuLn22FPPBZidG7QcmgFlLfdUke-9FFqOWOV74HKQy_JfexUALu2o-2Does4_ddSsEcQ0V9lQxnM2pUDX76CSQeKpNoSbce-ETy-1G8R08F2VDE9FgonnZMlQ7wSyio0cbZ9Hbc9eelfIDUdEKUQM6VzTCA6YhQ/s4608/P1100804.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY3jKjwrlbAHGWGYkVNwCPfnh42eUIuLn22FPPBZidG7QcmgFlLfdUke-9FFqOWOV74HKQy_JfexUALu2o-2Does4_ddSsEcQ0V9lQxnM2pUDX76CSQeKpNoSbce-ETy-1G8R08F2VDE9FgonnZMlQ7wSyio0cbZ9Hbc9eelfIDUdEKUQM6VzTCA6YhQ/w400-h300/P1100804.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Holy League infantry are pushing forward.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRzTGgju94TbKK2ubTCuNhh_-m_STUskjQ4rHyVXQ2D3goDuJxTvCLDMAq9ltGPLC0U0jQDrZRaNDPVjxeaJWBtWKBAD2F2MdJVbjrDtU2nU2xSfbt4dWs3AcAdkfSGk6K_7ySXnpv9oQTbFflJhvU2KaQDhX6EeCxUIRzeEPbbCTsWaD7zWZW9kotGQ/s2096/P1100816.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2096" data-original-width="1824" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRzTGgju94TbKK2ubTCuNhh_-m_STUskjQ4rHyVXQ2D3goDuJxTvCLDMAq9ltGPLC0U0jQDrZRaNDPVjxeaJWBtWKBAD2F2MdJVbjrDtU2nU2xSfbt4dWs3AcAdkfSGk6K_7ySXnpv9oQTbFflJhvU2KaQDhX6EeCxUIRzeEPbbCTsWaD7zWZW9kotGQ/w348-h400/P1100816.JPG" width="348" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view as the infantry forces close on one another.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnf1vVFRPWScbRJ3q-AGRYXkt0I5DOmsf2OFjDZKb60SSmaip4Hqnbx7meBU0MvIGh88rlQnnw8baSzxDPnAkODyuYUcriXJyYkjA4zbGl8vjXQ_fo5XvWbay9Qs8rWF6VdPLI0FZ0zoubvRZWtfK8UYrG8nwpR3y9t35c9DLH9Mjf1ecBSYCYc08DBQ/s4116/P1100831.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4116" data-original-width="3124" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnf1vVFRPWScbRJ3q-AGRYXkt0I5DOmsf2OFjDZKb60SSmaip4Hqnbx7meBU0MvIGh88rlQnnw8baSzxDPnAkODyuYUcriXJyYkjA4zbGl8vjXQ_fo5XvWbay9Qs8rWF6VdPLI0FZ0zoubvRZWtfK8UYrG8nwpR3y9t35c9DLH9Mjf1ecBSYCYc08DBQ/w304-h400/P1100831.JPG" width="304" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Holy League right flank is held by a force of arquebusiers who have successfully sent volleys of shot into the Venetian cavalry attempting to outflank them. In an attempt to break them d'Alviano leads his gendarmes in an attack on the landsknecht contingent...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioD8v5M0CLrpMk-L3pHbYYC6o3GY_AKGSI2jLXtYSRiPiYFiWLdJzJLp62r6DImZPILgS0Dlf1zaL8mY0ttnMXaadOZT0MRCdOUhhY9A19NjhXMaq3SbqGJt7rtHUzpv6bkMgqNjmA0Nii9e1mOrmkrdw4Ehra4JE9leMQC--BhYEbEQ5LZGsrMJfvCQ/s4608/P1100841.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioD8v5M0CLrpMk-L3pHbYYC6o3GY_AKGSI2jLXtYSRiPiYFiWLdJzJLp62r6DImZPILgS0Dlf1zaL8mY0ttnMXaadOZT0MRCdOUhhY9A19NjhXMaq3SbqGJt7rtHUzpv6bkMgqNjmA0Nii9e1mOrmkrdw4Ehra4JE9leMQC--BhYEbEQ5LZGsrMJfvCQ/w400-h300/P1100841.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...a fierce melee ensues in which the Venetian commander fights his way through to the personal retinue of Frundsberg, injuring the German captain. D'Alviano is then forced back by the landsknecht pike, his own heavy cavalry having taken casualties.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnDpOz1lHi65C1h5T4yFeeXpjBzFq3Kl7Z9JVrr5oIklGXoua6Dbh8NYlxkO_mR311CssCaUW6JcGQZJnVtYJHweSOAKRxB6t8andgmHmRwonRl01cfAkgOExHXcp-lxiayQ2zsRh-4655fcfcdwNP7_xhjyKYC7Dvfy92GeTSmISJVwmFtmxFXZqCnA/s4608/P1100847.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnDpOz1lHi65C1h5T4yFeeXpjBzFq3Kl7Z9JVrr5oIklGXoua6Dbh8NYlxkO_mR311CssCaUW6JcGQZJnVtYJHweSOAKRxB6t8andgmHmRwonRl01cfAkgOExHXcp-lxiayQ2zsRh-4655fcfcdwNP7_xhjyKYC7Dvfy92GeTSmISJVwmFtmxFXZqCnA/w400-h300/P1100847.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The infantry forces are still to engage in the centre. For now the arquebusiers continue to exchange shots.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdJjPQXVB63JUuPnNtK1ef65_SkMvVBvdVcidzuVm54LZ8eznzMGQKlEhZWUjXnAKnRy5UERa0HuF8Ml0okJhunKJOa01FMVbKaqLrmraSvJxBut6nuaoEQl8zgtxgCzBW3-wS02WbGUy4vgzZKJZm_buCuOhUTKVzHFxlTBYk_OzqagUhdlc4FyOKSw/s4232/P1100849.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3120" data-original-width="4232" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdJjPQXVB63JUuPnNtK1ef65_SkMvVBvdVcidzuVm54LZ8eznzMGQKlEhZWUjXnAKnRy5UERa0HuF8Ml0okJhunKJOa01FMVbKaqLrmraSvJxBut6nuaoEQl8zgtxgCzBW3-wS02WbGUy4vgzZKJZm_buCuOhUTKVzHFxlTBYk_OzqagUhdlc4FyOKSw/w400-h295/P1100849.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A force of Italian infantry engages with the landsknecht pike following d'Alviano's charge. Both sides take casualties.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />To continue the pressure on the League's right <span style="text-align: center;">d'Alviano now led his heavily armoured cavalry into the landsknecht. The fighting was fierce and </span><span style="text-align: center;">d'Alviano succeeded in wounding </span><span style="text-align: center;">Frundsberg in the melee whilst the mounted crossbowmen and Venetian men at arms chased off the landsknecht arquebusiers. The Venetian heavy horse took casualties in the clash and </span><span style="text-align: center;">d'Alviano was driven back by the pike blocks but his charge had been enough to disorder the landsknecht who then engaged in a bloody and inconclusive hand to hand with some of the Venetian infantry. <br /></span><br />The Venetian infantry in the centre began to falter coming under a continuous hail of shot from Pescara's Spanish arquebusiers. The action now swung to the Holy League left flank where the Viceroy of Naples and commander of the League's army <span style="text-align: center;">Ramón de Cardona decided to deliver the death blow to the Venetian infantry. He led his Spanish men at arms into one of the dense Venetian pike blocks and was successful in driving them back and routing them.</span><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9b5Ie-IrK4MFP6ePxU4eiAcbl_ljt2hGM4lei5P8xge0XtR72oHQzGj58xmwdWP15cCLPFSZ0r83kQrh1P5LjJElKdtjQJ21UDjfyZewVRPlM0X_FhNe3SKDu4KAFAENl7-2JJkpXJ2y6Hb32kBEnUG_sk-rFurPRF2a82ZTkP-GduM53-5QTnH2_lw/s4608/P1100852.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3036" data-original-width="4608" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9b5Ie-IrK4MFP6ePxU4eiAcbl_ljt2hGM4lei5P8xge0XtR72oHQzGj58xmwdWP15cCLPFSZ0r83kQrh1P5LjJElKdtjQJ21UDjfyZewVRPlM0X_FhNe3SKDu4KAFAENl7-2JJkpXJ2y6Hb32kBEnUG_sk-rFurPRF2a82ZTkP-GduM53-5QTnH2_lw/w400-h264/P1100852.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Feeling the Venetian levies could break, the Holy League commander Ramón de Cardona leads his men at arms into one of the pike blocks but is driven back...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yJfUHyBUDBsvZxkJuPz0MKr3atwnQFdfSCqaMAeklFwT4rkcpEPVzRjXvMrnsxX9gYwSt2ivBsvMJuUulHacGJIMN2X4ZsUhTm7baddyhWaR5nOn02ulz65LXNkdsW4CgvV6AUa_e1o6xhx-SJsdmjQ5Ga26rfeb_6QKOrC2cyrOCUj5Og9YbwPWRA/s3492/P1100857.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3344" data-original-width="3492" height="383" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yJfUHyBUDBsvZxkJuPz0MKr3atwnQFdfSCqaMAeklFwT4rkcpEPVzRjXvMrnsxX9gYwSt2ivBsvMJuUulHacGJIMN2X4ZsUhTm7baddyhWaR5nOn02ulz65LXNkdsW4CgvV6AUa_e1o6xhx-SJsdmjQ5Ga26rfeb_6QKOrC2cyrOCUj5Og9YbwPWRA/w400-h383/P1100857.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...temporarily disordered by their charge on the Venetian pike, Cardona's horse are then attacked by Gianpaolo Baglioni and his heavy barded cavalry. Cardona is unhorsed in the brief fight. The Holy League force have lost their commander.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="text-align: center;"><br />Cardona may have been successful against the Venetian pike but as his men rode back from their charge they were caught by </span><span style="text-align: center;">Gianpaolo Baglioni and his heavy barded cavalry. The Spanish cavalry were no match for the Italian condottiere's heavier horse and Cardona's unit were routed, with the Holy League Commander being caught by an arquebus shot as he fled and unhorsed! Flushed with victory Baglioni spurred his men on supported by a unit of stradiots. He quickly routed the remaining Papal men at arms before then crashing into the League's artillery and capturing the guns for the Serene Republic.<br /><br />With the commander, </span><span style="text-align: center;">Ramón de Cardona, fallen, both Colonna and Frundsberg out of the battle and the artillery lost </span>Fernando d'Ávalos, Marquess of Pescara, decided the day was lost and retreated with the Spanish infantry, who were still in good order, and the remainder of the landsknecht. It had been a bloody day for the Holy League with the Venetians out matching their cavalry on the flanks and preventing their more professional infantry from charging down their militia.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAXflxEvURj9GCewNAeSb5A_w9fPOHEmEA050cO2tnvsPHeWm6mxgo-3U79yjJ3Txl4V9v85eY5zDfZOAUJinYFhd_5KyQqnKvnJChJRwtmDbtUXghOq7GV58lrtjmYoPPPG2FVFbpaNK67Rzdw1Zx3kNimQptvZ4vYicUG47h8-kCPiv5zDi7cZmCPA/s4608/P1100862.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAXflxEvURj9GCewNAeSb5A_w9fPOHEmEA050cO2tnvsPHeWm6mxgo-3U79yjJ3Txl4V9v85eY5zDfZOAUJinYFhd_5KyQqnKvnJChJRwtmDbtUXghOq7GV58lrtjmYoPPPG2FVFbpaNK67Rzdw1Zx3kNimQptvZ4vYicUG47h8-kCPiv5zDi7cZmCPA/w400-h300/P1100862.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Holy League left flank is about to be overwhelmed as Baglioni's gendarmes supported by stradiots charge forward...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvFgbkswWoftiwhHjujrBmhAdQXkWk93vTP1pPm_0i0arA8nI9l51QoLGQEjIXrPcocYIvIv_dJxpRRtEQLAuZSH2vpzlXv2DJrMNbU43ILb1W6lYAUyfHG3GAmLtWaDtSRed2iXtIT5qx7wwMuPPnpf3dCc3h3SPlY2rD45qYrzgW0n-ldnA-B_ZO6w/s3972/P1100864.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="3972" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvFgbkswWoftiwhHjujrBmhAdQXkWk93vTP1pPm_0i0arA8nI9l51QoLGQEjIXrPcocYIvIv_dJxpRRtEQLAuZSH2vpzlXv2DJrMNbU43ILb1W6lYAUyfHG3GAmLtWaDtSRed2iXtIT5qx7wwMuPPnpf3dCc3h3SPlY2rD45qYrzgW0n-ldnA-B_ZO6w/w400-h348/P1100864.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...they rout a force of Papal men at arms...</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYGhzfiU2vjyf02-L_xVrsDPD_eAcmOT5wKqRJCkV0W3Sk3DnBIW3zmBtiaTkPBOUuvrylJIClj4e0SbnOKdmAH8nHc4zPy6kQFqGsDHOUaYtrf4jRvLgH4QqWRD41FFK_3uAiz9kK9gPNOrY7bLJuzb4-35B4zm79UmZI0Md0qFCNi7TSCXazuVKy6g/s4608/P1100873.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3340" data-original-width="4608" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYGhzfiU2vjyf02-L_xVrsDPD_eAcmOT5wKqRJCkV0W3Sk3DnBIW3zmBtiaTkPBOUuvrylJIClj4e0SbnOKdmAH8nHc4zPy6kQFqGsDHOUaYtrf4jRvLgH4QqWRD41FFK_3uAiz9kK9gPNOrY7bLJuzb4-35B4zm79UmZI0Md0qFCNi7TSCXazuVKy6g/w400-h290/P1100873.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">...and are then able to charge down the Holy League artillery. Having lost Cardona, Colonna and Frundsberg the Holy League force is in chaos. Pescara is able to retreat in good order with his Spanish infantry and some of the landsknecht but Bartolomeo d'Alviano and his Venetian force have won the day.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> This was great game which had the feel of a pitched battle and hung in the balance for a while. At one point it looked like the Venetian infantry in the centre would just crumble, as they did historically, but this was not to be. Whilst the fighting on the League's right flank had produced a bloody stalemate on the League's left the Venetians were able to sweep around and cause chaos. My brother Jeremy was a great opponent and it has been years since we played a tabletop wargame together. We both had a lot fun launching our units into the fray in an attempt to snatch victory from one another!<br /><br />Happy New Year.<p></p>Olihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06796318659076787601noreply@blogger.com10